Trypanosoma congolense

Trypanosoma congolense
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Excavata
Phylum:
Euglenozoa
Class:
Kinetoplastida
Order:
Trypanosomatida
Family:
Trypanosomatidae
Genus:
Trypanosoma
Species:
T. congolense
Binomial name
Trypanosoma congolense
Broden, 1904

Trypanosoma congolense is a species of trypanosomes and is the major pathogen responsible for the disease nagana in cattle and other animals including sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, dogs,[1] as well as laboratory mice. It is the most common cause of nagana in east Africa, but is also a major cause of nagana in west Africa. This parasite is spread by tsetse flies. In its mammalian host, Trypanosoma congolense only lives in blood vessels, and causes in particular anaemia.[1][2][3][4]

Cachexic dog infested with T. congolense after travel in West Africa

Infection process

T. congolense causes anemia. Nok et al 2003 find T. congolense to alter the surfaces of erythrocytes which may contribute to this effect.[4]

Drug resistance

Individuals isolated from Boran cattle in the Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993.[5] This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area for the tested trypanocides, Diminazene aceturate, Isometamidium chloride, and Homidium chloride.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 Deschamps, Jack-Yves; Desquesnes, Marc; Dorso, Laetitia; Ravel, Sophie; Bossard, Géraldine; Charbonneau, Morgane; Garand, Annabelle; Roux, Françoise A. (2016). "Refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense". Parasite. 23: 1. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016001. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4722231. open access
  2. ↑ Losos, G. J.; Ikede, B. O. (1972). "Review of pathology of diseases in domestic and laboratory animals caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense". Veterinary Pathology. 9 (1 Suppl): 1–79. doi:10.1177/030098587200901s01. ISSN 0300-9858. open access
  3. ↑ African Animal Trypanosomiasis Archived 2007-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, USAHA gray book, 6th ed. (1998).
  4. 1 2 Stijlemans, Benoît; Guilliams, Martin; Raes, Geert; Beschin, Alain; Magez, Stefan; De Baetselier, Patrick (2007). "African trypanosomosis: From immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention". Veterinary Parasitology. American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) + European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC) + World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) (Elsevier). 148 (1): 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.005. ISSN 0304-4017.
  5. 1 2 Mulugeta, Wubet; Wilkes, Jon; Mulatu, Woudyalew; Majiwa, Phelix A.O; Masake, Rachael; Peregrine, Andrew S (1997). "Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia". Acta Tropica. Elsevier BV. 64 (3–4): 205–217. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 9107367. S2CID 23878484.

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