Ventrata

Ventrata
Paramecium caudatum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Chromista
Subkingdom: Harosa
Infrakingdom: Halvaria
Superphylum: Alveolata
Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphylum: Intramacronucleata
Infraphylum: Ventrata
Cavalier-Smith 2004
Classes[1]
Wikispecies has information related to Ventrata.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ventrata.

Ventrata is an infraphylum of ciliates inside the subphylum Intramacronucleata that unites the classes Phyllopharyngea, Colpodea, Nassophorea, Prostomatea, Plagiopylea and Oligohymenophorea.[1] It is equivalent to the clade CONthreeP or Conthreep recovered by phylogenetic analyses.[2]

Description

Members of this taxon are characterized by having, ancestrally, a ventral cytopharynx,[1] as the name suggests.

Phylogeny

The monophyly of CONthreeP is well supported, being placed as sister to Protocruziea.[2] The order Discotrichida, belonging to class Nassophorea, has been recovered as the earliest branch of the clade.[2]

 
 

Protocruziea

 
Ventrata
 

Discotrichida (Nassophorea)

 
 
 

Colpodea

 
 
 
 

Nassophorea

 
 

Phyllopharyngea

 
 
 
 

Oligohymenophorea

 
 
 

Prostomatea

 
 

Plagiopylea

 
 
 
 
 
CONthreeP
 

References

  1. 1 2 3 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2004). "Chromalveolate Diversity and Cell Megaevolution: Interplay of Membranes, Genomes and Cytoskeleton". In Hirt, Robert P.; Horner, David S. (eds.). Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny: An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics. Systematics Association Special Volumes Series. Vol. 68 (1st ed.). CRC Press. pp. 75–108. doi:10.1201/9780203508930. ISBN 0415299047.
  2. 1 2 3 Gao, Feng; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Qianqian; Gong, Jun; Miao, Miao; Sun, Ping; Xu, Dapeng; Huang, Jie; Yi, Zhenzhen (2016-04-29). "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)". Scientific Reports. 6: 24874. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624874G. doi:10.1038/srep24874. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4850378. PMID 27126745.
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