I am using RaspberryPi OS Lite on my model 3B on a 8Gb SD card, but ran out of space. I tried copying the old SD card using
- dd on the whole SD Card
- dd on both partitions separately
- balenaEtcher (clone drive)
- various other tools for cloning drives
but no matter what I did, when I tried to boot I got a kernel panic because
/sbin/init exists but couldn't be executed.
I also tried changing fstab and cmdline.txt replacing the PARTUUID for the root partition with /dev/mmcblk0p2. My old SD still booted but it had no effect on my new SD Card.
I could not find any guide that doesn't use these steps.