Álava (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Álava (Basque: Araba) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects four deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Álava. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
| Álava | |
|---|---|
| Congress of Deputies Electoral constituency | |
.png.webp) Location of Álava within Spain | |
| Province | Álava |
| Autonomous community | Basque Country |
| Population |  334,412 (2022)[1] |
| Electorate | 260,214 (2023) |
| Major settlements | Vitoria-Gasteiz |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1977 |
| Seats | 4 |
| Member(s) | |
Electoral system
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[4] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][5][6] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]
Deputies
| Deputies 1977–present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislature | Election | Distribution | ||||
| Constituent | 1977 |
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| 1st | 1979 |
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| 2nd | 1982 |
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| 3rd | 1986 |
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| 4th | 1989 |
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| 5th | 1993 |
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| 6th | 1996 |
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| 7th | 2000 |
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| 8th | 2004 |
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| 9th | 2008 |
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| 10th | 2011 |
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| 11th | 2015 |
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| 12th | 2016 |
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| 13th | 2019 (Apr) |
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| 14th | 2019 (Nov) |
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| 15th | 2023 |
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Elections
2023 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 46,775 | 27.66 | +5.72 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 32,987 | 19.51 | +3.44 | 1 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 30,212 | 17.87 | +2.94 | 1 | +1 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 28,075 | 16.60 | –6.97 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Unite (Sumar)1 | 21,561 | 12.75 | –3.75 | 0 | –1 | |
| Vox (Vox) | 6,573 | 3.89 | +0.13 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 | 773 | 0.46 | –0.21 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) | 619 | 0.37 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Front (FO) | 354 | 0.21 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) | 185 | 0.11 | –0.13 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) | 165 | 0.10 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 106 | 0.06 | –0.13 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 722 | 0.43 | –0.10 | |||
| Total | 169,107 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 169,107 | 99.16 | –0.06 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,431 | 0.84 | +0.06 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 170,538 | 65.54 | –1.08 | |||
| Abstentions | 89,676 | 34.46 | +1.08 | |||
| Registered voters | 260,214 | |||||
| Sources[8] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
November 2019 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 40,262 | 23.57 | +0.85 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 37,488 | 21.94 | –0.46 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United We Can (Podemos–IU) | 28,186 | 16.50 | –1.24 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 27,453 | 16.07 | +2.12 | 1 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 25,506 | 14.93 | +1.18 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Vox (Vox) | 6,421 | 3.76 | +0.60 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 2,526 | 1.48 | –2.51 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,152 | 0.67 | –0.38 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 409 | 0.24 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 326 | 0.19 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) | 215 | 0.13 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 911 | 0.53 | –0.08 | |||
| Total | 170,855 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 170,855 | 99.22 | +0.24 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,344 | 0.78 | –0.24 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 172,199 | 66.62 | –2.89 | |||
| Abstentions | 86,296 | 33.38 | +2.89 | |||
| Registered voters | 258,495 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
April 2019 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 40,300 | 22.72 | +6.79 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 39,722 | 22.40 | +6.66 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo Berdeak) | 31,469 | 17.74 | –13.18 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 24,747 | 13.95 | +4.49 | 1 | +1 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 24,385 | 13.75 | –6.70 | 0 | –1 | |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 7,082 | 3.99 | –1.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Vox (Vox) | 5,608 | 3.16 | +2.98 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,869 | 1.05 | +0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 536 | 0.30 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 338 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) | 235 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 1,075 | 0.61 | –0.03 | |||
| Total | 177,366 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 177,366 | 98.98 | –0.02 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,820 | 1.02 | +0.02 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 179,186 | 69.51 | +3.00 | |||
| Abstentions | 78,611 | 30.49 | –3.00 | |||
| Registered voters | 257,797 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
2016 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–Equo)1 | 51,827 | 30.92 | +0.10 | 1 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 34,276 | 20.45 | +1.65 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 26,703 | 15.93 | +0.11 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 26,381 | 15.74 | +1.60 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 15,858 | 9.46 | –2.39 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 8,372 | 4.99 | –0.88 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,657 | 0.99 | +0.22 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 599 | 0.36 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Vox (Vox) | 306 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 298 | 0.18 | –0.25 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 211 | 0.13 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Navarrese Freedom (Ln) | 74 | 0.04 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 1,078 | 0.64 | –0.08 | |||
| Total | 167,640 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 167,640 | 99.00 | –0.03 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,691 | 1.00 | +0.03 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 169,331 | 66.51 | –4.64 | |||
| Abstentions | 85,248 | 33.49 | +4.64 | |||
| Registered voters | 254,579 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
2015 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) | 48,413 | 27.02 | New | 1 | +1 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 33,683 | 18.80 | –8.37 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 28,353 | 15.82 | –3.03 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 25,331 | 14.14 | –9.29 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 | 21,225 | 11.85 | –7.30 | 0 | –1 | |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 10,512 | 5.87 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) | 6,814 | 3.80 | –0.28 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,385 | 0.77 | +0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 768 | 0.43 | –2.32 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 561 | 0.31 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank Seats (EB/AZ) | 473 | 0.26 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 175 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Welcome (Ongi Etorri) | 110 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Navarrese Freedom (Ln) | 82 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 1,292 | 0.72 | –0.42 | |||
| Total | 179,177 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 179,177 | 99.03 | +0.62 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,764 | 0.97 | –0.62 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 180,941 | 71.15 | +2.49 | |||
| Abstentions | 73,386 | 28.85 | –2.49 | |||
| Registered voters | 254,327 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
2011 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| People's Party (PP) | 46,034 | 27.17 | +0.63 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 39,698 | 23.43 | –17.30 | 1 | –1 | |
| Amaiur (Amaiur)1 | 32,439 | 19.15 | +14.33 | 1 | +1 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 31,931 | 18.85 | +1.10 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) | 6,917 | 4.08 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 4,662 | 2.75 | +0.73 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Equo (Equo) | 3,574 | 2.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,178 | 0.70 | +0.23 | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 778 | 0.46 | +0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 290 | 0.17 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 1,924 | 1.14 | –0.38 | |||
| Total | 169,425 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 169,425 | 98.41 | –0.40 | |||
| Invalid votes | 2,729 | 1.59 | +0.40 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 172,154 | 68.66 | –0.97 | |||
| Abstentions | 78,589 | 31.34 | +0.97 | |||
| Registered voters | 250,743 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
2008 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 69,479 | 40.73 | +9.94 | 2 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 45,276 | 26.54 | –0.33 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 31,983 | 18.75 | –7.08 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) | 7,120 | 4.17 | –3.61 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 5,311 | 3.11 | –1.19 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Aralar (Aralar) | 2,917 | 1.71 | –0.16 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 2,019 | 1.18 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens (B/LV) | 1,080 | 0.63 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 805 | 0.47 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 662 | 0.39 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 327 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) | 254 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) | 215 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 161 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 159 | 0.09 | –0.47 | 0 | ±0 | |
| National Democracy (DN) | 63 | 0.04 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) | 58 | 0.03 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 57 | 0.03 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Alternative (AES) | 29 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| National Alliance (AN) | 26 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 2,588 | 1.52 | +0.08 | |||
| Total | 170,589 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 170,589 | 98.81 | +3.37 | |||
| Invalid votes | 2,055 | 1.19 | –3.37 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 172,644 | 69.63 | –7.60 | |||
| Abstentions | 75,286 | 30.37 | +7.60 | |||
| Registered voters | 247,930 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
2004 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 56,137 | 30.79 | +6.49 | 2 | +1 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 48,992 | 26.87 | –12.23 | 1 | –1 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 47,090 | 25.83 | +5.09 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United Left (EB/IU) | 14,181 | 7.78 | +2.17 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 7,838 | 4.30 | –0.41 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) | 3,417 | 1.87 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 1,021 | 0.56 | +0.19 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 360 | 0.20 | +0.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Republican Left (IR) | 281 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| National Democracy (DN) | 110 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Republican Social Movement (MSR) | 103 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 71 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) | 64 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Phalanx (FE) | 49 | 0.03 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 2,626 | 1.44 | –1.61 | |||
| Total | 182,340 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 182,340 | 95.44 | –3.21 | |||
| Invalid votes | 8,709 | 4.56 | +3.21 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 191,049 | 77.23 | +6.95 | |||
| Abstentions | 56,328 | 22.77 | –6.95 | |||
| Registered voters | 247,377 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
2000 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| People's Party (PP) | 66,267 | 39.10 | +11.79 | 2 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 41,182 | 24.30 | –1.12 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 35,155 | 20.74 | +0.58 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United Left (EB/IU) | 9,509 | 5.61 | –6.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 7,985 | 4.71 | –0.88 | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens (B/LV) | 1,880 | 1.11 | +0.65 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Natural Law Party (PLN) | 705 | 0.42 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 624 | 0.37 | +0.26 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 372 | 0.22 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC) | 206 | 0.12 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Republican Action (AR) | 170 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) | 116 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Phalanx (FE) | 89 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) | 65 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Citizens (EH)1 | 0 | 0.00 | –7.50 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 5,163 | 3.05 | +1.56 | |||
| Total | 169,488 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 169,488 | 98.65 | –0.49 | |||
| Invalid votes | 2,320 | 1.35 | +0.49 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 171,808 | 70.28 | –2.02 | |||
| Abstentions | 72,669 | 29.72 | +2.02 | |||
| Registered voters | 244,477 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1996 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| People's Party (PP) | 45,731 | 27.31 | +7.75 | 2 | +1 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 42,561 | 25.42 | –0.66 | 1 | –1 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 33,761 | 20.16 | +3.36 | 1 | ±0 | |
| United Left (IU/EB) | 19,535 | 11.67 | +4.81 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 12,552 | 7.50 | –1.88 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 9,364 | 5.59 | –0.18 | 0 | ±0 | |
| European Greens–Basque Country Greens (VE–EHB) | 774 | 0.46 | –0.67 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) | 255 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Centrist Union (UC) | 213 | 0.13 | –1.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 190 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 0 | 0.00 | –0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 2,490 | 1.49 | +0.07 | |||
| Total | 167,426 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 167,426 | 99.14 | –0.10 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,458 | 0.86 | +0.10 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 168,884 | 72.30 | +1.23 | |||
| Abstentions | 64,688 | 27.70 | –1.23 | |||
| Registered voters | 233,572 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
1993 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 | 40,860 | 26.08 | –8.45 | 2 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 30,652 | 19.56 | +5.47 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 26,321 | 16.80 | –0.06 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Alavese Unity (UA) | 16,623 | 10.61 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 14,702 | 9.38 | –2.24 | 0 | ±0 | |
| United Left (IU/EB) | 10,748 | 6.86 | +3.80 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 9,036 | 5.77 | –2.71 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,818 | 1.16 | –5.53 | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens (Berdeak/LV) | 1,775 | 1.13 | +0.45 | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Ecologists (LE) | 1,084 | 0.69 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 392 | 0.25 | –1.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Natural Law Party (PLN) | 204 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2 | 127 | 0.08 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 111 | 0.07 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 2,223 | 1.42 | +0.65 | |||
| Total | 156,676 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 156,676 | 99.24 | +0.25 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,203 | 0.76 | –0.25 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 157,879 | 71.07 | +4.37 | |||
| Abstentions | 64,273 | 28.93 | –4.37 | |||
| Registered voters | 222,152 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1989 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) | 35,723 | 25.92 | –7.22 | 2 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 23,247 | 16.86 | –2.20 | 1 | ±0 | |
| People's Party (PP)1 | 19,427 | 14.09 | –1.73 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 16,015 | 11.62 | –0.42 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Left (EE) | 11,873 | 8.61 | +0.50 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 11,689 | 8.48 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 9,228 | 6.69 | –2.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| United Left (IU/EB) | 4,219 | 3.06 | +2.21 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) | 1,838 | 1.33 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Ecologist Greens (LVE) | 953 | 0.69 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ecologist Party of the Basque Country–Green List (PEE–(LV)) | 931 | 0.68 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 589 | 0.43 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2 | 397 | 0.29 | –0.31 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 186 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) | 136 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 | 120 | 0.09 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 120 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 96 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)4 | 0 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 1,059 | 0.77 | +0.05 | |||
| Total | 137,846 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 137,846 | 98.99 | +0.80 | |||
| Invalid votes | 1,400 | 1.01 | –0.80 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 139,246 | 66.70 | +3.22 | |||
| Abstentions | 69,528 | 33.30 | –3.22 | |||
| Registered voters | 208,774 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1986 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) | 45,259 | 33.14 | –2.19 | 2 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 26,030 | 19.06 | –2.89 | 1 | ±0 | |
| People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 | 21,600 | 15.82 | –3.31 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 16,440 | 12.04 | +2.10 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 11,951 | 8.75 | +4.92 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Left (EE) | 11,081 | 8.11 | +1.15 | 0 | ±0 | |
| United Left (IU) | 1,162 | 0.85 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) | 814 | 0.60 | –0.48 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 533 | 0.39 | –0.19 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 333 | 0.24 | +0.11 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2 | 193 | 0.14 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 180 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) | 0 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) | 0 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 986 | 0.72 | +0.15 | |||
| Total | 136,562 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 136,562 | 98.19 | +0.58 | |||
| Invalid votes | 2,522 | 1.81 | –0.58 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 139,084 | 69.92 | –11.91 | |||
| Abstentions | 59,840 | 30.08 | +11.91 | |||
| Registered voters | 198,924 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1982 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) | 51,674 | 35.33 | +13.98 | 2 | +1 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 32,103 | 21.95 | –0.97 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Democratic Coalition (AP–PDP–PDL–UCD)1 | 27,974 | 19.13 | –12.46 | 1 | –1 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 14,540 | 9.94 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE) | 10,180 | 6.96 | +2.29 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 5,604 | 3.83 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) | 1,573 | 1.08 | –2.25 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 854 | 0.58 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| New Force (FN)2 | 314 | 0.21 | –0.70 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 191 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)3 | 140 | 0.10 | +0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 138 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Solidarity (SE) | 132 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) | 0 | 0.00 | –0.52 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) | 0 | 0.00 | –1.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party (PS)4 | 0 | 0.00 | –0.59 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 834 | 0.57 | +0.16 | |||
| Total | 146,251 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 146,251 | 97.61 | +0.35 | |||
| Invalid votes | 3,583 | 2.39 | –0.35 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 149,834 | 81.83 | +12.98 | |||
| Abstentions | 33,275 | 18.17 | –12.98 | |||
| Registered voters | 183,109 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1979 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | 29,625 | 25.41 | –5.45 | 2 | ±0 | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 26,722 | 22.92 | +5.44 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1 | 24,891 | 21.35 | –7.57 | 1 | ±0 | |
| Popular Unity (HB)2 | 11,594 | 9.94 | +7.72 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)3 | 7,205 | 6.18 | –0.20 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Basque Country Left (EE) | 5,442 | 4.67 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) | 3,877 | 3.33 | +0.19 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) | 1,246 | 1.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) | 1,218 | 1.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| National Union (UN) | 1,061 | 0.91 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Party (PC) | 972 | 0.83 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4 | 777 | 0.67 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)5 | 683 | 0.59 | –2.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) | 601 | 0.52 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Proverist Party (PPr) | 199 | 0.17 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Communist Party (PCT) | 7 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 481 | 0.41 | +0.21 | |||
| Total | 116,601 | 4 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 116,601 | 97.26 | –0.57 | |||
| Invalid votes | 3,291 | 2.74 | +0.57 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 119,892 | 68.85 | –14.09 | |||
| Abstentions | 54,253 | 31.15 | +14.09 | |||
| Registered voters | 174,145 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
1977 general election
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | 38,338 | 30.86 | n/a | 2 | n/a | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) | 34,244 | 27.57 | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 21,708 | 17.48 | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
| People's Alliance (AP) | 7,927 | 6.38 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) | 3,906 | 3.14 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) | 3,439 | 2.77 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) | 3,324 | 2.68 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) | 2,756 | 2.22 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Independent (INDEP) | 2,622 | 2.11 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Independent (INDEP) | 2,347 | 1.89 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) | 1,677 | 1.35 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Democratic Left Front (FDI) | 791 | 0.64 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Independent (INDEP) | 492 | 0.40 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) | 216 | 0.17 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Proverist Party (PPr) | 180 | 0.14 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
| Blank ballots | 245 | 0.20 | n/a | |||
| Total | 124,212 | 4 | n/a | |||
| Valid votes | 124,212 | 97.83 | n/a | |||
| Invalid votes | 2,756 | 2.17 | n/a | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 126,968 | 82.94 | n/a | |||
| Abstentions | 26,112 | 17.06 | n/a | |||
| Registered voters | 153,080 | |||||
| Sources[9] | ||||||
References
- "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política". Law No. 1 of 4 January 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- "Constitución Española". Act of 29 December 1978 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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