Radical 213

Radical 213 meaning "turtle" is one of only two of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 16 strokes.

龜
Radical 213 (U+2FD4)
龜 (U+9F9C) "turtle"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:guī
Bopomofo:ㄍㄨㄟ
Wade–Giles:kuei1
Cantonese Yale:gau1, gwai1, gwan1
Jyutping:gau1, gwai1, gwan1
Japanese Kana:キ, キュー ki, kyū
かめ kame
Sino-Korean:귀, 구 gwi, gu
Names
Japanese name(s):亀 kame
Hangul:거북 geobuk
Stroke order animation

In the Kangxi Dictionary there are only 24 characters (out of 40,000) to be found under this radical.

In Taoist cosmology, 龜 (Polyhedron) is the nature component of the Ba gua diagram 坎 Kǎn.

Characters with Radical 213
strokescharacter
without additional strokes龜 龟
5 additional strokes龝
12 additional strokes龞
21 additional strokes𪛖
Main article: wikt:Wiktionary:Chinese radical index 龜

Variant characters

There are a number of variant characters that appear different but mean the same thing:

  • Radical 213 in seal script in the Shuowen dictionary
    Radical 213 in seal script in the Shuowen dictionary
  • Stroke order of Shinjitai of radical 213
    Stroke order of Shinjitai of radical 213
  • Guwen version of radical 213 in Shuowen (seal script form of U+24563 𤕣 )
    Guwen version of radical 213 in Shuowen (seal script form of U+24563 𤕣 )
  • Variants of the character 龜, collected ca. 1800 from printed sources.
    Variants of the character 龜, collected ca. 1800 from printed sources.

By typefont

As a CJK Unified Ideograph, U+9F9C 龜 has seven separate reference glyphs shown in the Unicode code charts, no two of which are exactly identical:[1]

As such, appearance may subtly vary between fonts intended for different regions:

Region Mainland China (traditional) Hong Kong Taiwan Japan (kyūjitai) South Korea North Korea[lower-alpha 1] Vietnam[lower-alpha 1]
Preview with local font[lower-alpha 2] 龜 龜 龜 龜 龜 龜 龜
Features of Unicode reference glyph[1][lower-alpha 3]
Very top[1] Dot stroke Like top of 鱼, crosses corner of box below Like top of 鱼, does not cross corner of box below
Vertical strokes[1] From bottom of upper box to tail From top of upper box to bottom of turtleshell From top of upper box to between turtleshell and tail From top of upper box to tail From bottom of upper box to tail
Horizontal strokes[1] Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes

In Unicode

Due to an especially large number of variant forms associated with Radical 213, an exceptionally large number of Unicode characters exist displaying variants of the character itself, as opposed to derived characters.[2]

Kangxi Radicals / CJK Radicals Supplement
Further information: Kangxi Radicals (Unicode block) and CJK Radicals Supplement
Character information
Preview⻱⻲⻳⿔
Unicode name CJK RADICAL TURTLE CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode12017U+2EF112018U+2EF212019U+2EF312244U+2FD4
UTF-8226 187 177E2 BB B1226 187 178E2 BB B2226 187 179E2 BB B3226 191 148E2 BF 94
Numeric character reference⻱⻱⻲⻲⻳⻳⿔⿔
GB 18030129 57 137 5581 39 89 37129 57 137 5681 39 89 38129 57 137 5781 39 89 39129 57 160 5281 39 A0 34
EUC-TW[3][4][5][6]142 168 244 2148E A8 F4 D6142 168 244 2158E A8 F4 D7142 168 244 2168E A8 F4 D8169 184A9 B8

Unified Repertoire and Ordering (URO)
Further information: CJK Unified Ideographs (Unicode block)
Character information
Preview亀龜龟
Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E80 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9C CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F9F
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechex
Unicode20096U+4E8040860U+9F9C40863U+9F9F
UTF-8228 186 128E4 BA 80233 190 156E9 BE 9C233 190 159E9 BE 9F
Numeric character reference亀亀龜龜龟龟
EUC-CN[7]185 234B9 EA
GBK / GB 18030129 11981 77253 148FD 94185 234B9 EA
EUC-KR[8] / UHC[9]207 207CF CF
Big5 (generic)[10]192 116C0 74
Big5-HKSCS[11]137 20889 D0192 116C0 74
EUC-TW[3][12]142 163 185 2368E A3 B9 EC243 191F3 BF142 174 209 1658E AE D1 A5
EUC-KPS-9566[13]209 183D1 B7
KPS 10721[14]52 10134 65146 12692 7E
Shift JIS[15]139 848B 54234 157EA 9D
EUC-JP[16]181 181B5 B5243 253F3 FD
Moji Jōhō KibanMJ006424MJ030155[lower-alpha 4]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs
Further information: CJK Compatibility Ideographs
Character information
Preview龜龜龜
Unicode name CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F907 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F908 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FACE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechex
Unicode63751U+F90763752U+F90864206U+FACE
UTF-8239 164 135EF A4 87239 164 136EF A4 88239 171 142EF AB 8E
GB 18030132 48 129 5684 30 81 38132 48 129 5784 30 81 39132 48 173 5084 30 AD 32
Numeric character reference龜龜龜龜龜龜
EUC-KR[8] / UHC[9]208 162D0 A2208 184D0 B8
Big5-HKSCS[11]139 2488B F8
KPS 10721[14]146 12792 7F
EUC-TW[17]142 167 172 1868E A7 AC BA

Supplementary Ideographic Plane
Further information: Supplementary Ideographic Plane and Variant Chinese character
Character information
Preview𠁴𠃾𤕣𥦣𧑴
Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20074 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200FE CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-24563 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-259A3 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-27474
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode131188U+20074131326U+200FE148835U+24563154019U+259A3160884U+27474
UTF-8240 160 129 180F0 A0 81 B4240 160 131 190F0 A0 83 BE240 164 149 163F0 A4 95 A3240 165 166 163F0 A5 A6 A3240 167 145 180F0 A7 91 B4
UTF-1655360 56436D840 DC7455360 56574D840 DCFE55377 56675D851 DD6355382 56739D856 DDA355389 56436D85D DC74
GB 18030149 50 142 5095 32 8E 32149 50 156 4895 32 9C 30150 54 142 5796 36 8E 39151 48 157 5197 30 9D 33151 53 213 5697 35 D5 38
Numeric character reference𠁴𠁴𠃾𠃾𤕣𤕣𥦣𥦣𧑴𧑴
EUC-TW[3]142 166 198 1918E A6 C6 BF142 166 188 2538E A6 BC FD142 166 203 1638E A6 CB A3142 167 194 2348E A7 C2 EA
KPS 10721[14]86 13756 89
Moji Jōhō KibanMJ030364MJ030438MJ040283MJ043469MJ047883
Character information
Preview𪚦𪚧𪚨𪚴𪚺
Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A6 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A7 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6A8 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6B4 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode173734U+2A6A6173735U+2A6A7173736U+2A6A8173748U+2A6B4173754U+2A6BA
UTF-8240 170 154 166F0 AA 9A A6240 170 154 167F0 AA 9A A7240 170 154 168F0 AA 9A A8240 170 154 180F0 AA 9A B4240 170 154 186F0 AA 9A BA
UTF-1655401 56998D869 DEA655401 56999D869 DEA755401 57000D869 DEA855401 57012D869 DEB455401 57018D869 DEBA
GB 18030152 53 238 5698 35 EE 38152 53 238 5798 35 EE 39152 53 239 4898 35 EF 30152 53 240 5098 35 F0 32152 53 240 5698 35 F0 38
Numeric character reference𪚦𪚦𪚧𪚧𪚨𪚨𪚴𪚴𪚺𪚺
EUC-TW[18][19][20][21][22]142 167 182 2428E A7 B6 F2142 167 190 2448E A7 BE F4142 167 198 1668E A7 C6 A6142 175 231 1908E AF E7 BE142 165 235 2348E A5 EB EA
Moji Jōhō KibanMJ056778MJ056779MJ056780MJ056795
Character information
Preview𪚾𪚿𪛃𪛉𬺞
Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BE CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6BF CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C3 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2A6C9 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2CE9E
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode173758U+2A6BE173759U+2A6BF173763U+2A6C3173769U+2A6C9183966U+2CE9E
UTF-8240 170 154 190F0 AA 9A BE240 170 154 191F0 AA 9A BF240 170 155 131F0 AA 9B 83240 170 155 137F0 AA 9B 89240 172 186 158F0 AC BA 9E
UTF-1655401 57022D869 DEBE55401 57023D869 DEBF55401 57027D869 DEC355401 57033D869 DEC955411 56990D873 DE9E
GB 18030152 53 241 5098 35 F1 32152 53 241 5198 35 F1 33152 53 241 5598 35 F1 37152 53 242 5198 35 F2 33153 51 254 4899 33 FE 30
Numeric character reference𪚾𪚾𪚿𪚿𪛃𪛃𪛉𪛉𬺞𬺞
EUC-TW[23][24][25][26][27]142 167 205 1858E A7 CD B9142 167 205 1848E A7 CD B8142 165 247 2108E A5 F7 D2142 175 169 1668E AF A9 A6142 172 195 1658E AC C3 A5
Moji Jōhō KibanMJ056799MJ056800MJ056804
Character information
Preview𮯛𮯜𮯝𮯞𮯟
Unicode name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDB CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDC CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDD CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDE CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2EBDF
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode191451U+2EBDB191452U+2EBDC191453U+2EBDD191454U+2EBDE191455U+2EBDF
UTF-8240 174 175 155F0 AE AF 9B240 174 175 156F0 AE AF 9C240 174 175 157F0 AE AF 9D240 174 175 158F0 AE AF 9E240 174 175 159F0 AE AF 9F
UTF-1655418 57307D87A DFDB55418 57308D87A DFDC55418 57309D87A DFDD55418 57310D87A DFDE55418 57311D87A DFDF
GB 18030153 57 246 5399 39 F6 35153 57 246 5499 39 F6 36153 57 246 5599 39 F6 37153 57 246 5699 39 F6 38153 57 246 5799 39 F6 39
Numeric character reference𮯛𮯛𮯜𮯜𮯝𮯝𮯞𮯞𮯟𮯟
Moji Jōhō KibanMJ060379MJ059291MJ059290MJ059289MJ059287

Literature
  • Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
  • Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

Footnotes
  1. Unlikely to be displayed correctly.
  2. Appearance may vary depending on fonts installed and configured on your system.
  3. Does not necessarily match the system fonts used above.
  4. Additional Moji Jōhō Kiban identifiers for Ideographic Variation Sequences:

References
  1. "CJK Unified Ideographs" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1. Unicode Consortium. 2023.
  2. Lunde, Ken (2023-08-11). "The Road to 'Ideograph Hell'…". Medium.
  3. "euc-tw-2014.ucm - Update of EUC-TW based on IBM-964". ICU Data Repository. IBM / Unicode Consortium. 2014.
  4. "[⻱] 8-7456". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  5. "[⻲] 8-7457". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  6. "[⻳] 8-7458". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  7. "Map (external version) from Mac OS Chinese Simplified encoding to Unicode 3.0 and later". Apple, Inc.
  8. Unicode Consortium; IBM. "IBM-970". International Components for Unicode.
  9. Steele, Shawn (2000). "cp949 to Unicode table". Microsoft / Unicode Consortium.
  10. "Big5:1984 vs Unicode mapping table". Mozilla Taiwan. 2002-02-24.
  11. van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
  12. "[龟] 14-5125". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  13. Unicode Consortium (2011-04-27). "KPS 9566-2003 to Unicode".
  14. Sim, CheonHyeong (2022-06-19). "KPS 10721:2000 (Unicode KP1源) 文件重构 (修订版)" (PDF) (in Simplified Chinese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-09-27.
  15. Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
  16. Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
  17. "[龜] 7-2C3A". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  18. "[𪚦] 7-3672". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  19. "[𪚧] 7-3E74". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  20. "[𪚨] 7-4626". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  21. "[𪚴] 15-673E". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  22. "[𪚺] 5-6B6A". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  23. "[𪚾] 7-4D39". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  24. "[𪚿] 7-4D38". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  25. "[𪛃] 5-7752". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  26. "[𪛉] 15-2926". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
  27. "[𬺞] 12-4325". CNS 11643 Word Information. National Development Council.
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