12th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 12th Panzer Division was an armoured division in the German Army, established in 1940.
| 12th Panzer Division | |
|---|---|
| 12. Panzer-division — 12. PzDiv — | |
 Unit insignia 1941–1943 | |
| Active | 10 January 1941 – 8 May 1945 |
| Country | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Nazi Germany |
| Branch | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} German Army |
| Type | Panzer |
| Role | Armoured warfare |
| Size | Division |
| Part of | Army Group North |
| Garrison/HQ | Wehrkreis II: Stettin |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Fedor von Bock |
| Insignia | |
| Original insignia | |
| Insignia from summer 1943 |  |
In October 1940 the 2nd Motorised Infantry Division was reorganized as the 12th Panzer Division, and in June 1941 it joined Operation Barbarossa, fighting in the battles of Minsk and Smolensk. It fought the rest of the war on the Eastern Front and surrendered to the Red Army in the Courland Pocket in May 1945.
History
The division was formed from the 2nd Infantry Division, itself formed in 1921. The division was motorised in 1936–37 and participated in the invasions of Poland and France. It was reorganised as a Panzer Division in October 1940.[1]
The 12th Panzer Division participated in Operation Barbarossa, taking part in the drive towards Leningrad. Suffering heavy casualties during the Soviet counter offensive in the winter of 1941–42, the division was withdrawn to Estonia for a refit.[1] It remained with Army Group North for the most part of the war except for a brief spell south while participating in the battle of Kursk in July 1943 and the following defensive operations and retreat after the German failure. The division returned to the northern sector in January 1944 but came too late to play any role in the unsuccessful German efforts to prevent the Siege of Leningrad from being broken by the Red Army. It was eventually entrapped in the Courland Pocket after the successful Soviet offensive in July 1944, Operation Bagration. It remained in Courland where it surrendered to Soviet forces in May 1945.[2]
Organization
Structure of the division through its history:[3]
- Headquarters
- 29th Panzer Regiment
- 5th Panzergrenadier Regiment
- 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment
- 2nd Panzer Artillery Regiment
- 22nd Motorcycle Battalion (later became 2nd Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion)
- 508th Tank Destroyer Battalion
- 303rd Army Anti-Aircraft Battalion (later added in 1942)
- 2nd Divisional Supply Group
Commanding officers
The commanders of the division:[4]
- Lieutenant general Fedor von Bock, 1931
- Major General/Lieutenant General Hubert Gerke, 1 October 1934
- Major General/Lieutenant General Paul Bader, 1 April 1937
- Generaloberst Josef Harpe, 5 October 1940
- Generalleutnant Walter Wessel, 15 January 1942
- Generalleutnant Erpo Freiherr von Bodenhausen, 1 March 1943
- Generalmajor Gerhard Müller, 28 May 1944
- Generalleutnant Erpo Freiherr von Bodenhausen, 16 July 1944
- Oberst Horst von Usedom, 12 April 1945
References
- Mitcham (2001), p. 109.
- Mitcham (2001), p. 110.
- Mitcham (2007), p. 19.
- Mitcham (2001), pp. 110–111.
Bibliography
- Mitcham, Samuel W. (2001). The Panzer Legions: A Guide to the German Army Tank Divisions of World War II and their Commanders. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31640-6.
- Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007). German Order of Battle, Volume Three: Panzer, Panzer Grenadier, and Waffen SS Divisions in WWII. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3438-7.
- Stoves, Rolf (1986). Die Gepanzerten und Motorisierten Deutschen Grossverbände 1935–1945 [The armoured and motorised German divisions and brigades 1935–1945] (in German). Bad Nauheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag. ISBN 3-7909-0279-9.
- Guderian, Heinz (1957) [1952]. Panzer Leader (abridged) (1st Ballantine Books ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-25329-9.
- Müller-Hillebrand, Burkhard (1969). Das Heer 1933-1945. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. III: Der Zweifrontenkrieg. Das Heer vom Beginn des Feldzuges gegen die Sowjetunion bis zum Kriegsende [The Army 1933-1945. Development of the organizational structure. III: The Two Front War. The army from the beginning of the campaign against the Soviet Union to the end of the war] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Mittler. p. 285.
- Tessin, Georg (1965). Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945. Zweiter Band: Die Landstreitkräfte 1-5 [Units and troops of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS in World War II 1939-1945. Volume Two: The Land Forces 1-5] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: E.S. Mittler.
- Tessin, Georg (1967). Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945. Dritter Band: Die Landstreitkräfte 6-14 [Units and troops of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS in World War II 1939-1945. Volume Three: The Land Forces 6-14] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: E.S. Mittler.