12th Street Oakland City Center station

12th Street/Oakland City Center station (signed as 12th St/Oakland) is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station located under Broadway between 12th Street and 14th Street in Downtown Oakland, adjacent to the Oakland City Center. It is the second-busiest BART station in both Oakland and the East Bay (just after 19th Street Oakland), and the 6th busiest BART station overall, with a daily ridership of approximately 5,000 in September 2023.[3]

12th St/Oakland
A Richmond-bound train at 12th Street Oakland City Center station
General information
Location1245 Broadway
Oakland, California
Coordinates37.803608°N 122.272006°W / 37.803608; -122.272006
Line(s)BART K-Line
Platforms1 side platform, 1 island platform
Tracks3
ConnectionsBus transport AC Transit: Broadway Shuttle, Tempo, 6, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20, 29, 33, 40, 51A, 72, 72M, 72R, 88, 96, 314, 611, 800, 801, 802, 805, 840, 851
Construction
Structure typeUnderground
Bicycle facilitiesLockers and racks available
AccessibleYes
ArchitectGerald McCue & Associates[1]
History
OpenedSeptember 11, 1972 (1972-09-11)[2]
Rebuilt1980–1986
Previous namesOakland City Center/12th Street (until c. 2008)
Passengers
20234,971 (weekday average)[3]
Services
Preceding station Bay Area Rapid Transit Following station
Lake Merritt
toward Berryessa/​North San José
 Orange Line 19th Street Oakland
toward Richmond
West Oakland
toward Millbrae
 Red Line
West Oakland
toward San Francisco International Airport or Millbrae
 Yellow Line 19th Street Oakland
toward Antioch via Pittsburg/​Bay Point
Preceding station AC Transit Following station
Uptown Transit Center
Terminus
 Tempo Harrison
towards San Leandro BART
Location

The station has three underground levels, with tracks on the second and third levels. It is served by the Red Line, Orange Line, and Yellow Line, as well as by AC Transit buses on the surface.

Oakland City Center/12th Street station opened in 1972 as part of the first section of BART. In 1980–1986, the KE Track project added the third track to the station. From 1992 to 2002, and 2004 to 2010, it was the timed transfer point between northbound trains. Tempo bus rapid transit service began in 2020.

Station layout
The Oakland City Center entrance to the station

The station has three underground levels. The first level is a concourse with ticket machines and faregates. An island platform and two main tracks (C1 and CX) for northbound trains (bound for Richmond and Antioch) are on the second level. A side platform with one track (C2) for southbound trains (bound for Berryessa/​North San José or San Francisco) is on the third level.[4][5] The station has red brickwork, contrasting with the blue of nearby 19th Street Oakland station.[6]

The station has eight public entrances: two at 12th Street, three at 13th Street, and two at 14th Street (including one from Frank H. Ogawa Plaza), plus one from the belowground plaza of Oakland City Center near 13th Street. Surface elevators are located at the Ogawa Plaza entrance and at the southwest 12th Street entrance, while the platform elevator is at the south end of the station.[4] A currently unused passage leads directly to the Central Building at the north end of the station.[7][8]

Street Entrances/exits, Tempo station
Mezzanine Faregates, ticket machines, Oakland City Center & Central Building entrances/exits
Upper
platform		 Northbound
(Platform 3)		 →      Yellow Line toward Antioch via Pittsburg/​Bay Point (19th Street Oakland) →
Island platform
Northbound
(Platform 1)		 →      Orange Line toward Richmond (19th Street Oakland) →
→      Red Line toward Richmond (19th Street Oakland) →
Lower
platform		 Side platform
Southbound
(Platform 2)		 ←      Orange Line toward Berryessa/​North San José (Lake Merritt)
←      Red Line toward SFO via Millbrae (West Oakland)
←      Yellow Line toward SFO or Millbrae (West Oakland)

History
The disused Central Building entrance/exit
Map of the KE Track project

Oakland City Center/12th Street station, along with 19th Street Oakland and Daly City stations, was designed by Gerard McCue and Associates.[9] By 1967, owners of three Oakland buildings were considering paying for private entrances from the station mezzanine.[10] Only one was actually constructed: an entrance from the Central Building (1400 Broadway) was approved in February 1968.[7]

The station opened on September 11, 1972, as part of the first section of BART to open; service was extended to Richmond the next year. Service to Concord was added on May 21, 1973, and extended to San Francisco through the Transbay Tube on September 16, 1974. Richmond–San Francisco service was added on April 19, 1976.[2]

The station initially had one side platform on each level, with one track on the east side of each platform. The KE Track project, begun in 1980 and completed on March 17, 1986, converted the upper platform to an island platform with a new west track (Track CX).[11][5] The new track was originally used for peak hour service (southbound towards San Francisco in the morning, and northbound in the evening).[12]

Schedule changes on June 22, 1992, introduced timed transfers between Richmond–Fremont line and Concord–Daly City line trains. Oakland City Center/12th Street was the transfer point between northbound (Richmond-bound and Concord-bound) trains, while MacArthur station was the transfer point between southbound trains.[13][2]: 35  Timed transfers were discontinued in 2002, but resumed on February 9, 2004.[14] Four of the six entrances were closed from April 13, 2020, to June 12, 2021, due to low ridership during the COVID-19 pandemic.[15]

The station was renamed to 12th Street Oakland City Center around 2008.[16][17][18] On September 13, 2010, the northbound transfer location was changed to 19th Street Oakland station.[19] Sunday-only service to the station on the Dublin/Pleasanton line was operated from February 11, 2019, to February 10, 2020, due to construction work in the Transbay Tube.[20][21]

Construction of the Oakland–San Leandro East Bay Bus Rapid Transit line (later branded Tempo) began in August 2016.[22] Tempo route 1T service began on August 9, 2020, with surface stations at 14th Street and City Center.[23]

Bus connections
A route 1T bus at City Center station

Downtown Oakland is a major transfer point for AC Transit buses, which stop at various locations on Broadway and cross streets near the station:[24]

Route 1T stops at dedicated platforms at two locations: 14th Street on Broadway at the north end of the station, and City Center just east of Broadway on 12th Street (northbound) and 11th Street (southbound) at the south end of the station.[24]

References
  1. Cerny, Susan Dinkelspiel (2007). An Architectural Guidebook to San Francisco and the Bay Area (1st ed.). Layton, UT: Gibbs Smith. pp. 501–502. ISBN 978-1-58685-432-4. OCLC 85623396.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. "BART Chronology January 1947 – March 2009" (PDF). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2013.
  3. "Monthly Ridership Reports". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. September 2023.
  4. "Station Layout: 12th Street/Oakland City Center Station" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Commission. June 17, 2013.
  5. Mahon, Vincent P. "Track Rehabilitation and New Construction in An Operating Environment at BART" (PDF). Transportation Research Record. 1006: 45–54.
  6. Burks, John (September 12, 1972). "1st Day Smash Hit With Happy BART Riders". San Francisco Examiner. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  7. "Solution Hinted On Ashby Subway". Oakland Tribune. February 9, 1968. p. 21 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  8. "Historic Central Building" (PDF). Grubb & Ellis. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2016.
  9. Cerny, Susan (2007). An Architectural Guidebook to San Francisco and the Bay Area. Gibbs Smith. pp. 501–502. ISBN 978-1-58685-432-4.
  10. "Subway Entry for 4 Firms?". Oakland Tribune. June 8, 1967. p. 68 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  11. Annual Report 1985–86. San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District – via Internet Archive.
  12. Marino, Frank (July 1986). "BART". Pacific RailNews. p. 40.
  13. Chin, Steven A. (June 12, 1992). "More, faster service slated by BART". San Francisco Examiner – via Newspapers.com. open access
  14. Cabanatuan, Michael (February 9, 2004). "BART changing schedule so more go to SFO / Peninsula ridership below expectations, needs a boost". San Francisco Chronicle.
  15. "BART opens all entrances/exits that were previously closed due to pandemic" (Press release). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. June 12, 2021.
  16. "BART Fares and Schedules" (PDF). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. January 1, 2008.
  17. "BART Fares and Schedules" (PDF). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. September 14, 2009.
  18. "12th St. Oakland City Center Station". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Archived from the original on July 1, 2008.
  19. "Minor BART schedule changes on Monday, September 13" (Press release). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. August 25, 2010.
  20. "February 11 schedule change impacts weekdays and Sundays" (Press release). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. January 15, 2019.
  21. "New Sunday service plan to begin in February" (Press release). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. November 25, 2019.
  22. "AC TRANSIT ANNOUNCES THE GROUNDBREAKING CEREMONY FOR THE EAST BAY BUS RAPID TRANSIT" (Press release). Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District. August 26, 2016.
  23. "AC TRANSIT TEMPO OPENS TO RIDERS SUNDAY, AUGUST 9" (Press release). Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District. August 7, 2020.
  24. "Transit Stops: 12th Street/Oakland City Center Station" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Commission. August 18, 2020.

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