14 Herculis c

14 Herculis c or 14 Her c is an exoplanet approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet was found orbiting the star 14 Herculis, with a mass that would make the planet a gas giant roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive. It was discovered on November 17, 2005 and published on November 2, 2006,[1] although its existence was not confirmed until 2021.[2]

14 Herculis c
Discovery[1][2]
Discovered byGoździewski et al.; Rosenthal et al.
Discovery siteUnited States
Discovery date17 November 2005 (candidate)
2 July 2021 (confirmed)
Doppler spectroscopy
Designations
HD 145675 c
Orbital characteristics[3]
27.4+16
−7.9 AU[4]
Eccentricity0.65±0.06
52160±1028 d
142.8±2.8 yr
Inclination82°±14°
224°±9°
2,451,779±33 JD
0°±1°
Semi-amplitude50.8±0.4 m/s
Star14 Herculis
Physical characteristics[3]
Mass7.1+1.0
−0.6 MJ

    According to a 2007 analysis, the existence of a second planet in the 14 Herculis system was "clearly" supported by the evidence, but the planet's parameters were not precisely known. It may be in a 4:1 resonance with the inner planet 14 Herculis b.[5]

    The inclination and true mass of 14 Herculis c were measured in 2021, using data from Gaia,[4] and refined by further astrometric studies in 2022 and 2023.[6][3] The inclination is 82°, corresponding to a true mass of 7.1 MJ.[3]

    Direct imaging of 14 Herculis c with the James Webb Space Telescope is planned.[7]

    References
    1. Goździewski, K.; Konacki, M.; Maciejewski, A. J. (2006). "Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (1): 688–703. arXiv:astro-ph/0511463. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645..688G. doi:10.1086/504030. S2CID 15012577.
    2. Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Dedrick, Cayla M.; Sherstyuk, Ilya A.; Blunt, Sarah C.; Petigura, Erik A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Behmard, Aida; Chontos, Ashley; Crepp, Justin R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dalba, Paul A.; Fischer, Debra A.; Henry, Gregory W.; Kane, Stephen R.; Kosiarek, Molly; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Wright, Jason T. (2021), "The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 255 (1): 8, arXiv:2105.11583, Bibcode:2021ApJS..255....8R, doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c, S2CID 235186973
    3. Benedict, G. F.; McArthur, B. E.; et al. (May 2023). "The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry". The Astronomical Journal. arXiv:2305.11753.
    4. Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; et al. (1 December 2021). "14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 922 (2). L43. arXiv:2111.06004. Bibcode:2021ApJ...922L..43B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c.
    5. Wittenmyer, R. A.; Endl, M.; Cochran, W. D. (2007). "Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (1): 625–632. arXiv:astro-ph/0609117. Bibcode:2007ApJ...654..625W. doi:10.1086/509110. S2CID 14707902.
    6. Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 262 (21): 21. arXiv:2208.12720. Bibcode:2022ApJS..262...21F. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. S2CID 251864022.
    7. "Solving a Solar Neighborhood Crime Scene by Imaging 14 Her c". STScI. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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