150 personae non gratae of Turkey

The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey (Turkish: Yüzellilikler, lit.'Hundred-and-fiftyers')[1] is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The Sultanate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Angora (Ankara) on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata.[2] Leaving Istanbul aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he was sent into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926.

The list was created on 23 April 1924, by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and revised on 1 June 1924.[3] By targeting the former Imperial ruling-elite, it reaffirmed the political and cultural break between the Empire and the Republic. The preliminary list contained 600 individuals, negotiated down to its final form of 150 with the Treaty of Lausanne.

List

House of Osman and the Imperial Court
! #NameDescription
1Kiraz HamdiAide-de-camp of Sultan
2ZekiGeneral Hademe-i Hassa
3Kayserili Şaban AğaHazine-i Hassa Müfettişi (Ottoman Central Depot inspector)
4Şükrü Tütüncübaşı
5Şerkarin Yaver
6Miralay Tahir
7Seryaver Avni
8Refikformer Hazine-i Hassa Müdürü ve Defter-i Hakani Emini
Imperial Government
! #NameDescription
9Ürgüplü Mustafa Sabri Efendiformer Sheikh ul-Islam
10Ali RüşdiMinister of Justice
11Cemal ArtinMinister of Agriculture and Trade
12Cakacı Hamdi Pashaformer Minister of the Navy
13Rumbeyoğlu Fahrettinformer Minister of Education and Minister of Justice
14Kızılhançerli Remziformer Minister of Agriculture and Trade
15Hâdi PashaGeneral & signer of Treaty of Sèvres
16Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşıformer Şura-yı Devlet Reisi & signer of Treaty of Sèvres
17Reşat Halisformer Ottoman Ambassador to Switzerland & signer of Treaty of Sèvres
Kuva-i İnzibatiye
! #NameDescription
18Süleyman Şefik PashaKuva-i İnzibatiye Commander In Chief
19Bulgar TahsinCavalry Captain (adjutant of Şefik Pasha)
20Ahmet RefikColonel Kuva-i İnzibatiye, Erkan-ı Harbiye Reisi
21Tarık MümtazCommander of Kuva-i İnzibatiye Mitralyöz and adjutant of Damat Ferit Pasha
22Ali Nadir PashaKuva-i İnzibatiye, Commander of İzmir Army Corps
23Kaymakam FettahKuva-i İnzibatiye & Nemrut Mustafa Divanı Harp member
24Çopur HakkıKuva-i İnzibatiye member
Governors (vali) of the provinces of the Ottoman Empire (vilayet)
! #NameDescription
25Gümülcineli İsmailformer governor of Bursa
26Konyalı ZeynelabidinAyandan
27Fanizade Mes'udformer Cebelibereket (Osmaniye) Mutasarrıfı
28Miralay SadıkHürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası leader
20Bedirhani Halil Râmiformer Malatya Mutasarrıfı
30Giritli Hüsnüformer Mutasarrıf of Manisa
31Nemrud Mustafaformer Court Martial Judge
32Hulusiformer Mayor of Uşak
33Hain Mustafaformer District-Governor of Adapazarı
34Hafız Ahmetformer Müftü of Tekirdağ
35Sâbitformer Mutasarrıf of Afyonkarahisar
36Celâl Kadriformer Mutasarrıf of Gaziantep
37Adanalı ZeynelabidinGeneral Editor of Hürriyet ve İtilaf
38Vasfi Hocaformer Evkaf Nazırı
39Damat Ali Galipformer Governor of Harput
40Ömer FevziMüftü of Bursa
41Aziz Nuriformer assistant Governor of Bursa
42Ahmet Asımİzmir Kadı Müşaviri
43Nâtıkformer İstanbul Muhafızı
44Âdilformer Minister of the Interior
45Mehmet Ali Beyformer Minister of the Interior
46Salim Mirimiranformer Governor and Deputy Mayor of Edirne
47Hoca Raish-zâde İbrahimMutasarrıf for the Greeks in Kütahya
48AbdurrahmanGovernor of Adana during the Franco-Turkish War
49Ömer Fevzimember of parliament from Şarkikarahisar
50AdilMülazım, known as "torturer"
51RefikMülazım, known as "torturer"
52Şerifformer Kırkağaç Kaymakamı
53Mahmut Mahirformer Çanakkale Mutasarrıfı
54Eminformer İstanbul Merkez Kumandanı
55Sadullah Samiformer Kilis Kaymakamı
56Osman Nuriformer Mutasarrıf of Bolu and former Dahiliye Nezareti Dava Vekili
Çerkes Ethem and accomplices
! #NameDescription
57Çerkes Ethem
58Reşitbrother of Çerkes Ethem
59Tevfikbrother of Çerkes Ethem
60Eşref Kuşçubaşı
61Hacı Samibrother of Eşref Kuşçubaşı
62İzmirli Küçük Ethemcaptainformer Akhisar Kaymakamı
63Düzceli Mehmet oğlu Sami
64Burhaniyeli Halil İbrahim
65Demirkapılı Hacı Ahmetfrom Susurluk
Participant envoys to Çerkes Kongresi
! #NameDescription
66Bağ Osmanfrom Sümbüllü köyü, Hendek
67İbrahim Hakkıformer İzmit Mutasarrıfı
68Sait Beraev
69Tahir Berzek
70Maan Şirinfrom Harmantepe köyü, Adapazarı
71Hüseyin son of Hoca Ömerfrom Teke köyü, Söke Ereğlisi
72Bağ Kamilfrom Talustanbey köyü, Adapazarı
73Hamete Ahmet
74Maan Ali
75Harun Reşitfrom Karaosman köyü, Kirmastı
76Eskişehirli Hızır Hoca
77İsason of Bigalı Nuri Bey
78Kazımfrom Şahinbey köyü, Adapazarı
79Lampaz Yakupfrom Tuzakçı köyü, Gönen
80Kumpat Hafız Saitfrom Bayramiç köyü, Gönen
81former major Ahmetfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
82Saitdavavekili from İzmir
83Şamlı Ahmet Nuri
Police officers
! #NameDescription
84Tahsinformer Director of Istanbul Police
85Kemalformer assistant director of İstanbul Police
86Ispartalı Kemalassistant director of Emniyeti Umumiye
87Hafız Saitformer İstanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Birinci Kısım Başmemuru
88Şerefformer İstanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Birinci Şube Müdürü
89Hacı Kemalformer Arnavutköy Merkez Memuru
90NamıkPolis Başmemurlarından
91NedimCommisar of Şişli
92Fuatformer İzmir Merkez Memuru, Director of Edirne Police and Yalova Kaymakamı
93Yolgeçenli Yusufpolice officer in Adana
94Sakallı Cemilformer Unkapanı Merkez Memuru
95Mazlumformer Büyükdere Merkez Memuru
96Fuatformer Beyoğlu İkinci Komiseri
Journalists
! #NameDescription
97Mevlânzade Rıfatowner of Serbestî & member of Freedom and Accord Party
98Sait Mollaowner of İstanbul Gazetesi, printed in Turkish
99İzmirli Hafız İsmailowner and former editor of Müsavat Gazetesi & member of Darülhikmet
100Refik Halit Karayowner of Aydede Gazetesi & former Posta Telgraf Müdür-ü Umumisi
101Bahriyeli Ali Kemalowner of Bandırma Adalet Gazetesi
102Neyir Mustafaowner of Hakikat Gazetesi in Selanik Teemin and Elyevm in Edirne
103Feritformer editor of Köylü Gazetesi
104Refii Cevat Ulunayowner of Alemdar Gazetesi
105Pehlivan Kadriof Alemdar Gazetesi
106Fânî-zâde Ali İlmiowner of Ferda Gazetesi in Adana
107Trabzonlu Ömer Fevzione of the owners of Balıkesir İrşad Gazetesi
108Hasan Sadıkowner of Halep Doğru Yol Gazetesi
109İzmirli Refetowner and director of Köylü Gazetesi
Others
! #NameDescription
110Tarsuslu KamilPashazade Selami
111Tarsuslu KamilPashazade Kemal
112Süleymaniyeli Kürt Hakki
113İbrahim Sabri son of Şeyhülislam Mustafa Sabri Hoca
114Bursalı Cemilfactory owner
115Çerkes Ragıpwell-known English spy
116Haçinli Kazak Hasanofficer during French invasion
117Süngülü Davutbandit leader
118Çerkes BekirBinbaşı
119Necipbrother-in-law of factory owner Bursalı Cemil
120Ahmet Hulusiformer Umur-u İslamiye Müfettişi of İzmir
121Uşaklı Madanoğlu Mustafa
122Remzi son of Yusuffrom Tuzakçı köyü, Gönen
123Zühtü son of Hacı Kasımfrom Bayramiç köyü, Gönen
124Şakir son of Kocagözün Osmanfrom Balcı köyü, Gönen
125Koç Ali son of Koç Mehmetfrom Muratlar köyü, Gönen
126Aziz son of Mehmetfrom Ayvacık köyü, Gönen
127Osman son of Bağcılı Ahmetfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
128İzzet son of Molla Süleymanfrom Yıldız köyü, Susurluk
129Kâzım son of Hüseyinfrom Muratlar köyü, Gönen
130Arap Mahmut son of Bekirfrom Balcı köyü, Gönen
131Gardiyan Yusuffrom Rüstem köyü, Gönen
132Eyüp son of Ömerfrom Balcı köyü, Gönen
133İbrahim Çavuş son of Talustanfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
134İbrahim son of Topallı ŞerifBalcı köyü, Gönen
135İdris son of Topal Ömerfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
136Kurhoğlu İsmailfrom Bolcaağaç köyü, Manyas
137İshak son of Muhtar Hacıfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
138İshak son of Yusuffrom Kayapınar köyü, Marmara
139Sabit son of Ali Beyfrom Kızlık köyü, Manyas
140Selim son of Velifrom Balcı köyü, Gönen
141Osman son of Makinacı Mehmetfrom Çerkes Mahallesi, Gönen
142Kâmil son of Kadirfrom Değirmenboğazı köyü, Manyas
143Galip son of Hüseyinfrom Keçidere köyü, Gönen
144Salih son of Çerkes Saitfrom Hacıyakup köyü, Manyas
145İsmail brother of Maktul Şevketfrom Hacıyakup köyü, Manyas
146Deli Kasım son of Abdullahfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen
147Kemal son of Hasan Onbaşıfrom Çerkes Mahallesi, Gönen
148Kâzım Efebrother of Kâmil son of Kadir from Değirmenboğazı köyü, Manyas
149Pallaçoğlu Kemalfrom Kızlık köyü, Gönen
150Tuğoğlu Mehmetfrom Keçeler köyü, Gönen

References

  1. Boyar, Ebru, and Kate Fleet. “A Dangerous Axis: The ‘Bulgarian Müftü’, the Turkish Opposition and the Ankara Government, 1928–36.” Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 44, no. 5, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2008, pp. 775–89 at 778, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40262615.
  2. "Mehmed VI: Ottoman sultan".
  3. TERZIĆ, FARUK. “The Problematic of Prophethood and Miracles: Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī’s Response.” Islamic Studies, vol. 48, no. 1, Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 2009, pp. 5–33 at 8, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20839152.

Further reading

  • İlhami Soysal, Yüzellilikler, (Istanbul: Gür, 1985)
  • Kâmil Erdeha, Article "Yüzellilikler", in Sosyalist Kültür Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8, pp. 1336–1341, Istanbul: May 1980
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