1650 in England
Events from the year 1650 in England, second year of the Third English Civil War.
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Incumbents
Events
- 1 May – claimant King Charles II of England signs the Treaty of Breda with the Scottish Covenanters.
- 10 May – Commonwealth (Adultery) Act (1650) imposes the death penalty for incest, and for adultery, that is defined as sexual intercourse between a married woman and a man other than her husband. Both partners would be liable for death sentence in such a case, although the courts are reluctant to impose the ultimate penalty.[1] If a man (married or unmarried) has sex with an unmarried woman (including a widow), that would be fornication, punishable only by three months for first offenders, applicable to both partners.[1][2] In the history of adultery in English law, this represents the only time since the twelfth century when adultery has been outlawed in secular statute law.[3]
- 17 May – a quarter of the New Model Army at the Siege of Clonmel in Ireland is trapped and killed.
- 26 May – Oliver Cromwell leaves Ireland (following the Siege of Clonmel), occasioning Andrew Marvell's An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland.
- 23 June – Charles arrives in Scotland (at Garmouth) where he signs the Covenant.[4]
- 13 August – Colonel George Monck forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, forerunner of the Coldstream Guards.
- 3 September – Oliver Cromwell is victorious over the Scottish Covenanters at the Battle of Dunbar, opening the Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652).[4]
- 19 September – With the Treaty of Hartford, the Dutch and English establish the frontiers between their colonies in North America.[5]
- 29 September – Henry Robinson opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters, a form of employment exchange, in Threadneedle Street, London.
- 30 October – the Religious Society of Friends acquires the nickname "Quakers" when the judge at George Fox's blasphemy trial says that they "tremble at the word of the Lord".[6]
- 14 December – Anne Greene is hanged at Oxford Castle for infanticide, having concealed an illegitimate stillbirth. The following day she revives in the dissection room and, being pardoned, lives until 1665.[7][8]
Undated
- Cornelius Vermuyden completes excavation of the New Bedford River as part of the drainage of The Fens.
- William How publishes his flora Phytologia Britannica.
- Puritans chop down the original Glastonbury Thorn.
Births
- 2 February (?) – Nell Gwyn, actress and royal mistress (died 1687)
- 24 March – Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet, bishop (died 1721)
- 18 April – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1689)
- 20 April – William Bedloe, informer (died 1680)
- 26 May – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, general (died 1722)
- 14 September – Theophilus Oglethorpe, soldier and Member of Parliament (died 1702)
- 23 September – Jeremy Collier, theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian (died 1726)
- 20 October – Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers, courtier (died 1717)
- 7 November – John Robinson, diplomat (died 1723)
- November – Cloudesley Shovell, admiral (died 1707)
- 14 November – King William III of England, Scotland, and Ireland (died 1702)
- 1 December (bapt.) – William Talman, architect (died 1719)
- Undated
- George Rooke, admiral (died 1709)
- Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough, statesman (died 1721)
- Approximate date
- Solomon de Medina, French-born army contractor (died 1720)
- Charlotte Paston, Countess of Yarmouth, née FitzRoy, noblewoman, illegitimate daughter of Charles II (died 1684)
Deaths
- February – Sir Thomas Bowyer, 1st Baronet, politician (born 1586)
- 9 March – Elizabeth Savage, Countess Rivers, courtier (born 1581)
- 18 April – Simonds d'Ewes, antiquarian and politician (born 1602)
- 9 July (burial) – Alice Barnham, wife of Francis Bacon (born 1592)
- 25 August – Richard Crashaw, poet (born c. 1613)
- 8 September – Princess Elizabeth of England, daughter of Charles I (born 1635)
- 13 November – Thomas May, poet and historian (born 1595)
- 13 December – Phineas Fletcher, poet (born 1582)
- 25 December – Thomas Cooper, former Usher of Gresham's School and Royalist, hanged
- Probable date – Isaac Ewer, soldier and regicide (year of birth unknown)
References
- Lay, Paul (2021) [2020]. Providence Lost. London: Head of Zeus. p. 176. ISBN 9781781853368.
- Kenyon, J. P. (1969). "The Interregnum, 1649–1660". In Kenyon, J. P. (ed.). The Stuart Constitution. Cambridge University Press. p. 330.
- Weinstein, Jeremy D. (1986). "Adultery, Law and the State: A History". Hastings Law Journal. 38 (1): 195–238.
- "1650, British Civil Wars". Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 263–264. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- A Scholler in Oxford (1651). Newes from the Dead, or a True and Exact Narration of the Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Greene; whereunto are prefixed certain Poems casually written upon that subject. Oxford: printed by Leonard Lichfield for Tho. Robinson. Includes Latin verses by Christopher Wren.
- Hughes, J. Trevor (1982). "Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Green: An Oxford Case Of Resuscitation In The Seventeenth Century". British Medical Journal. 285 (6357): 1792–1793. doi:10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1792. JSTOR 29509089. PMC 1500297. PMID 6816370.
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