Mayoral elections in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the 19th century

Beginning shortly after the city's incorporation as a city in 1846, elections have been held in the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The following article provides information on the elections for mayor in the city during the 19th century.

Election laws and history

The rules of the original 1846 city charter, in effect for the city's earliest elections, required that, to be elected, a candidate needed to receive a majority of the vote in a mayoral election. If no candidate received a majority, or if the winning candidate refused to take office, further election(s) would be held until an election produced a candidate with a majority of the vote.[1]

From 1846 to 1857, mayors served for a one-year term, expiring on the third Tuesday in March. From 1857 to 1872, the mayor's term expired on the last day of December. In 1873, the term ended annually on the third Tuesday in March, up until 1880, when it became a two-year term.

1846

1846 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections
August 19, 1846
(first election)
September 1, 1846
(second election)

Elected Mayor

Hiram Brown
Whig[2]

The 1846 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections were held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The first election was part of the first municipal election held after Manchester formally became a city (having previously been a town), which was held on August 19, 1846. The August municipal election's mayoral election, however, failed to produce a winner, as first-place finisher Hiram Brown fell 17 votes shy of the majority threshold needed to win the election. A second election was held on September 1, which saw Brown win a majority.[3][4]

The candidates in the August election were Hiram Brown, Thomas Brown, William C. Clarke, James McQueston, William Stephens, James Wilkins.[5] Hiram Brown was affiliated with the Whig Party, Thomas Brown was affiliated with the Abolition Party, and Clarke was affiliated with the Democratic Party.[4] Candidates in the September 1 election were Hiram Brown, Thomas Brown, Issac C. Flanders, Jacob F. James, William Stephens, and J. Sullivan Wiggin.[6] Flanders was affiliated with the Democratic Party.[4]

August 19, 1846, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
September 1, 1846, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[7]
Candidate Votes  %
Hiram Brown 602 52.17
Issac C. Flanders 347 30.07
Other candidates/scattering 205 17.76
Total votes 1,154 100

1847

1847 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections
March 10, 1847
(first election)
March 31, 1847
(second election)
April 30, 1847
(third election)
May 22, 1847
(fourth election)

Mayor before election

Hiram Brown
Whig[2]

Elected Mayor

Jacob F. James
Whig[2]

The 1847 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections were held on March 10, March 31, April 30, and May 22, 1847,[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The conclusive fourth election saw the election of Jacob F. James.

In the first three elections, no candidate had managed to reach the required majority threshold to win election. In the fourth election, Jacob F. James won election by receiving a majority of the vote.[5]

March 10, 1847, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James 797 47.95
Richard H. Ayer 689 41.46
Thomas Brown 155 9.33
Scattering 21 1.26
Total votes 1,662 100
March 31, 1847, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James 553 41.21
Richard H. Ayer 479 35.69
Thomas Brown 256 19.08
Scattering 54 4.02
Total votes 1,342 100
March 31, 1847, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James 472 45.56
George W. Morrison 316 30.50
Thomas Brown 145 14.00
Scattering 103 0.94
Total votes 1,036 100
May 22, 1847, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James 644
George W. Morrison 247
Thomas Brown 78
Total votes 100

1848

1848 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections
March 18, 1848
(first election)
April 8, 1848
(second election)
April 26, 1848
(third election)

Mayor before election

Jacob F. James
Whig[2]

Elected Mayor

Jacob F. James
Whig

The 1848 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections were held on March 18, April 8, and April 26, 1848,[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The conclusive third election saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Jacob F. James.

In the first two elections, no candidate had managed to reach the required majority threshold to win election. In the third election, Jacob F. James won election by receiving a majority of the vote.[5]

The initial March 18 election had coincided with the elections for the city's aldermen.[5]

March 18, 1848, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James (incumbent) 886 48.10
Moody Currier 603 32.74
Joseph Cochran Jr. 266 14.44
Scattering 107 5.81
Total votes 1,842 100
April 8, 1848, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James (incumbent) 618 46.05
Moody Currier 498 37.11
Joseph Cochran Jr. 144 10.73
Scattering 82 6.11
Total votes 1,342 100
April 26, 1848, Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James (incumbent) 644
Moody Currier 216
George Pinkerton 69
Joseph Cochran Jr. 64
Total votes 100

1849

1849 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections
April 1849
(first election)
May 1849
(second election)
October 1849
(third election)

Mayor before election

Jacob F. James
Whig[2]

Elected Mayor

Warren L. Lane
Democratic[2]

The 1849 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral elections were held in April, May, and October 1849,[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The conclusive third election saw the election of Warren L. Lane.

In the first two elections, no candidate had managed to reach the required majority threshold to win election. In the third election, Warren L. Lane won election by receiving a majority of the vote.[5]

The third election coincided with the October elections for the city's aldermen.[5]

April 1849 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Jacob F. James (incumbent) 344 40.38
Joseph Cochran Jr. 267 31.34
Mace Moulton 79 9.27
Scattering 162 19.01
Total votes 852 100
May 1849 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
(no winner)
Candidate Votes  %
Joseph Cohchran Jr. 338 46.43
Jacob F. James (incumbent) 185 25.41
Walter French 152 20.88
Scattering 53 7.28
Total votes 728 100
October 1849 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election[5]
Candidate Votes  %
Warren L. Lane
Thomas A. Crosby
Joseph Cochran Jr.
Total votes 100

1850

1850 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Moses Fellows Warren L. Lane

Mayor before election

Warren L. Lane
Democratic[2]

Elected Mayor

Moses Fellows

The 1850 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Moses Fellows, who unseated incumbent mayor Warren L. Lane. Fellows and Lane were the only two candidates running in the election, which coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1851

1851 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Moses Fellows

Elected Mayor

Moses Fellows

The 1851 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Moses Fellows, who defeated challengers Walter French, Alonzo Smith, and D.L. Stevens.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1852

1852 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Frederick Smyth Walter French

Mayor before election

Moses Fellows

Elected Mayor

Frederick Smyth

The 1852 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Frederick Smyth, who defeated Walter French, the only other candidate running in the election. The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1853

1853 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Frederick Smyth Stevens James

Mayor before election

Frederick Smyth

Elected Mayor

Frederick Smyth

The 1853 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Frederick Smyth, who defeated challenger Stevens James, the only other candidate running in the election.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1854

1854 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
March 1854
 
Candidate Frederick Smyth William C. Clarke

Mayor before election

Frederick Smyth

Elected Mayor

Frederick Smyth

The 1854 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held in March 1854[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Frederick Smyth, who defeated challenger William C. Clarke, the only other candidate running in the election. This made Clarke the first mayor of the city to be elected to a third term.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1855

1855 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
March 1855
Candidate Theodore T. Abbott Frederick G. Stark

Mayor before election

Frederick Smyth

Elected Mayor

Theodore T. Abbott
American[2]

The 1855 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held in March 1855[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Theodore T. Abbott, who defeated Frederick G. Stark, the only other candidate running in the election.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1856 (March)

March 1856 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
March 1856
Candidate Theodore T. Abbott George W. Morrison

Mayor before election

Theodore T. Abbott
American[2]

Elected Mayor

Theodore T. Abbott
American

The March 1856 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Theodore T. Abbott, who defeated challenger George W. Morrison, the only other candidate running in the election.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1856 (November)

November 1856 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
November 1856
 
Candidate Jacob F. James Isaac C. Flanders

Mayor before election

Theodore T. Abbott
American[2]

Elected Mayor

Jacob F. James

The November 1856 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Jacob F. James to a third nonconsecutive term.[2] James defeated Isaac C. Flanders, the only other candidate running in the election.[5] The election coincided with the city's aldermanic elections.[5]

1857

1857 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Jacob F. James

Elected Mayor

Alonzo Smith

The 1857 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Alonzo Smith, who defeated both Edward W. Harringon and incumbent mayor Jacob F. James.[2][5]

1858

1858 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Edward W. Harrington Alonzo Smith

Mayor before election

Alonzo Smith

Elected Mayor

Edward W. Harrington

The 1858 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Edward W. Harrington, who unseated incumbent mayor Alonzo Smith.[2][5]

1859

1859 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Edward W. Harrington Bradbury Cilley

Mayor before election

Edward W. Harrington

Elected Mayor

Edward W. Harrington

The 1859 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Edward W. Harrington, who defeated challenger Bradbury Cilley.[5]

1860

1860 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate David A. Bunton Bradbury Cilley

Mayor before election

Edward W. Harrington

Elected Mayor

David A. Bunton
Republican[2]

The 1860 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of David A. Bunton, who defeated Bradbury Cilley.[5]

1861

1861 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate David A. Bunton James A. Weston

Mayor before election

David A. Bunton
Republican[2]

Elected Mayor

David A. Bunton
Republican

The 1861 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of David A. Bunton, who defeated challenger James A. Weston.[5]

1862

1862 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Theodore T. Abbott James A. Weston

Mayor before election

David A. Bunton
Republican[2]

Elected Mayor

Theodore T. Abbott
American[2]

The 1862 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Theodore T. Abbott to a third nonconsecutive term.[2] Abbott defeated Theodore T. Abbott.[5]

1863

1863 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Frederick Smyth

Mayor before election

Theodore T. Abbott
American[2]

Elected Mayor

Frederick Smyth
Republican[2]

The 1863 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Frederick Smyth to a fourth nonconsecutive term, making him the first mayor of the city to be elected to a fourth term.[2][5] Smyth was elected nearly unanimously, with the remainder of the vote being a scattering of write-in votes, with no single individual receiving more than five write-in votes.[5]

1864

1864 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
Candidate Darwin J. Daniels Joseph Kidder

Mayor before election

Frederick Smyth
Republican[2]

Elected Mayor

Darwin J. Daniels

The 1864 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Darwin J. Daniels, who defeated Joseph Kidder.[5]

1865

1865 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
August 1865
 
Candidate John Hosley Joseph B. Clark

Mayor before election

F.W. Harrington (acting)[8]

Elected Mayor

John Holsey

The 1865 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held in August 1865[2][5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It was held in August after the death in office of mayor Darwin J. Daniels.[2][5] It saw the election of John Hosley, who defeated Joseph B. Clark.[5]

1866

1866 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Joseph B. Clark Edward W. Harrington

Mayor before election

John Holsey

Elected Mayor

Joseph B. Clark

The 1866 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Joseph B. Clark, who defeated former mayor Edward W. Harrington.[5]

1867

1867 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate James A. Weston Joseph B. Clark

Mayor before election

Joseph B. Clark

Elected Mayor

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

The 1867 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of James A. Weston, who unseated incumbent mayor Joseph B. Clark.[2][5]

1868

1868 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Isaac W. Smith James A. Weston

Mayor before election

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

Elected Mayor

Isaac W. Smith
Republican[2]

The 1868 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Isaac W. Smith, who unseated incumbent mayor James A. Weston.[2][5]

1869

1869 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate James A. Weston Isaac W. Smith

Mayor before election

Isaac W. Smith
Republican[2]

Elected Mayor

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

The 1869 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of James A. Weston, who was elected to a second nonconsecutive term by unseating incumbent mayor Isaac W. Smith.[2][5]

1870

1870 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

Elected Mayor

James A. Weston
Democratic

The 1870 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of James A. Weston to a third overall term, defeating Peter Chandler and Andrew C. Wallace.[2][5]

1871

1871 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate Person Colby Cheney John Holsey

Mayor before election

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

Elected Mayor

Person Colby Cheney
Republican[2]

The 1871 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Person Colby Cheney, who defeated former mayor John Holsey.[2][5]

1872

1872 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
December 10, 1872
 
Candidate Charles H. Bartlett Joseph Kidder

Mayor before election

Person Colby Cheney
Republican[2]

Elected Mayor

Charles H. Bartlett

The 1872 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held on December 10, 1872,[5] to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Charles H. Bartlett, who defeated Joseph Kidder.[5]

1873

1873 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

John P. Newell

Elected Mayor

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

The 1873 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of James A. Weston to a second nonconsecutive term. Weston defeated Charles Kenniston and incumbent mayor John P. Newell (who had been appointed by the city's aldermen and Common Council after the resignation of Person C. Cheney).[5][2]

1875

1875 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

James A. Weston
Democratic[2]

Elected Mayor

Alpheus Gay

The 1875 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Alpheus Gay, who defeated Ira Cross and Charles Kennison.[5]

1876

1876 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
Candidate Ira Cross Alpheus Gay

Mayor before election

Alpheus Gay

Elected Mayor

Ira Cross

The 1876 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Ira Cross, who defeated incumbent mayor Alpheus Gay.[2][5]

1877

1877 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Ira Cross

Elected Mayor

Ira Cross

The 1877 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Ira Cross, who defeated Ezra W. Bartlett and former mayor Alpheus Gay.[5]

1878 (March)

March 1878 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Ira Cross

Elected Mayor

John L. Kelly

The March 1878 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of John L. Kelly, who defeated Richard Goodwin and former mayor Alpheus Gay.[5]

1878 (November)

November 1878 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
Candidate John L. Kelly Andrew C. Wallace

Mayor before election

John L. Kelly

Elected Mayor

John L. Kelly

The November 1878 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of John L. Kelly, who defeated Andrew C. Wallace.[5]

1880

1880 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
Candidate Horace B. Putnam Frank Dowst

Mayor before election

John L. Kelly

Elected Mayor

Horace B. Putnam

The 1880 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Horace B. Putnam, who defeated Frank Dowst.[5]

This was the first election after the city's mayoral terms were extended from one-year to two-years.

1882

1882 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
Candidate Horace B. Putnam Alpheus Gay

Mayor before election

Horace B. Putnam

Elected Mayor

Horace B. Putnam

The 1882 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Horace B. Putnam, who defeated former mayor Alpheus Gay.[5]

1884

1884 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Horace B. Putnam

Elected Mayor

George H. Stearns

The 1884 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of George H. Stearns, who defeated Joseph Kidder and Lewis Simons.[5]

1886

1886 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

George H. Stearns

Elected Mayor

John Hosley

The 1886 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of John Holsey to a second nonconsecutive term. Holsey defeated Albert Tasker and incumbent mayor George H. Stearns.[2][5]

1888

1888 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

John Hosley

Elected Mayor

David B. Varney

The 1888 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of David B. Varney, who defeated William Corey and Augustus Stevens.[5]

1890

1890 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

David B. Varney

Elected Mayor

Edgar J. Knowlton

The 1890 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Edgar J. Knowlton, who defeated Thomas W. Lane and Augustus Stevens.[5]

1892

1892 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

Edgar J. Knowlton

Elected Mayor

Edgar J. Knowlton

The 1892 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Edgar J. Knowlton, who defeated John C. Bickford and Augustus Stevens.[5]

1894

1894 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

vacant[2]

Elected Mayor

William C. Clarke
Republican

The 1894 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the election of Republican candidate William C. Clarke, who defeated Democratic candidate Charles C. Hayes, People's candidate Sumner F. Claflin, and Prohibition candidate John Gillis.[5]

1896

1896 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

William C. Clarke
Republican

Elected Mayor

William C. Clarke
Republican

The 1896 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of William C. Clarke, who defeated John Bickford, Sumner F. Claflin, and Charles C. Hayes.[5]

1898

1898 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election

Mayor before election

William C. Clarke
Republican

Elected Mayor

William C. Clarke
Republican

The 1898 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of William C. Clarke to a third consecutive term. Clarke defeated Charles C. Hayes and Earle Payne.[5]

1900

1900 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election
 
Candidate William C. Clarke James Sullivan
Party Republican Democratic

Mayor before election

William C. Clarke
Republican

Elected Mayor

William C. Clarke
Republican

The 1900 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. It saw the reelection of Republican incumbent William C. Clarke to a fourth consecutive term. Clarke defeated Democratic candidate James Sullivan.[5] Clarke was the second mayor of the city to win election to a fourth term (after Frederick Smyth did so in 1863), and the first to win a fourth consecutive term.[2][5]

References

  1. "The charter of the city of Manchester, as amended :adopted 1846, amended 1848". Manchester [N.H.] 1849. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  2. "Mayors of the City of Manchester, NH" (PDF). www.manchesternh.gov. City Clerk of Manchester, New Hampshire. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  3. Brown, Janice (August 14, 2015). "Manchester New Hampshire's 1946 Centennial Celebration". Cow Hampshire. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  4. "Mayor, Office of the". www.manchesternh.gov. Manchester, New Hampshire.
  5. "Election Results Board of Mayor and Aldermen Manchester, NH 1846–2005" (PDF). www.manchesternh.gov. City Clerk of Manchester, New Hampshire. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  6. "ELECTION RESULTS BOARD OF MAYOR AND ALDERMEN MANCHESTER, NH 1846–2011" (PDF). www.manchesternh.gov. City Clerk of Manchester, New Hampshire. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  7. "The St Johnsbury Caledonian (September 12, 1846)". Newspapers.com. The St Johnsbury Caledonian. September 12, 1846.
  8. "Daily Evening News Fall River". Newspapers.com. Fall River Daily Evening News. August 29, 1865. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
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