1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election

The Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 25 September 1908.[1] The constituency returned two Members of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

1908 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election

25 September 1908
 
Candidate Renwick Shortt Hartley
Party Conservative Liberal Social Democratic Federation
Popular vote 13,863 11,720 2,971
Percentage 48.5% 41.1% 10.4%

MP before election

Thomas Cairns
Liberal

Subsequent MP

Edward Shortt
Liberal

Vacancy

Thomas Cairns had been Liberal MP for the seat of Newcastle-upon-Tyne since the 1906 general election. He died on 3 September 1908.

Electoral history

The seat had been Liberal since they gained it in 1906;

General election January 1906[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Walter Hudson 18,869 31.1
Liberal Green tickY Thomas Cairns 18,423 30.5
Conservative Walter Richard Plummer 11,942 19.8
Conservative George Renwick 11,223 18.6
Majority 6,927 11.3 N/A
Labour gain from Conservative Swing
Majority 6,481 10.7 N/A
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing
Turnout 50,457 84.6

Candidates

Edward Shortt

The local Liberal Association selected 46-year-old Edward Shortt to defend the seat. The son of a Newcastle upon Tyne Church of England vicar, he was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1890 and practised on the North Eastern Circuit. He had served as Recorder (part-time judge) of Sunderland since 1907.[3]

The Conservatives retained 58-year-old George Renwick as their candidate. Renwick was elected to Parliament in 1900 as Conservative member for Newcastle-upon-Tyne, serving from 1900 until his defeat in 1906. Renwick was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. He joined shipowners Pyman, Bell & Co as a clerk and then co-founded his own business, Fisher, Renwick & Co. He had particularly large interests in drydocks, including the world's first ever floating repair docks, the Tyne Pontoons at Wallsend, which he sold to Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd in 1903.[3]

Una Duval, suffragette, campaigning at the by-election

The Newcastle Independent Labour Party selected J. J. Stephenson as a candidate. This was in conflict with the electoral alliance that had existed between the Liberal and Labour parties. However, the Labour Party National Executive persuaded the Labour candidate to withdraw. The Social Democratic Federation, with the support of some local Independent Labour Party branches, then nominated their own candidate, 53-year-old Bradford man, Edward Hartley.[4] Hartley had fought Bradford East at the last general election, finishing third. Before that he had fought Dewsbury at the 1895 general election and then the 1902 Dewsbury by-election.

Campaign

Polling day was fixed for the 25 September 1908, just 22 days after the death of the previous MP.

The constituency included at least 2,000 Irish voters, mainly Roman Catholics, who could normally be relied upon to vote Liberal. However, the Liberals banned the carrying of the Host in the Eucharistic Congress Procession in London earlier in the month, which was expected to cost them votes in Newcastle.[4]

The SDF candidate antagonised the ILP and the local suffragists by refusing to pledge himself to oppose any future franchise reform restricted to manhood suffrage.[4]

Result

The Conservatives gained the seat;

Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election, 1908[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Renwick 13,863 48.5
Liberal Edward Shortt 11,720 41.1
Social Democratic Federation Edward Hartley 2,971 10.4 New
Majority 2,143 7.4 N/A
Turnout 28,554 76.4
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing

Aftermath

Shortt re-gained the seat from Renwick at the following general election. Hartley returned to Bradford where he was again defeated at Bradford East;

General election January 1910[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Green tickY Edward Shortt 18,779 28.9 -1.6
Labour Green tickY Walter Hudson 18,241 28.0 -3.1
Conservative Walter Richard Plummer 14,067 21.6 +1.8
Conservative George Renwick 13,928 21.4 +2.8
Majority 4,174 N/A
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing
Majority 4,313
Labour hold Swing
Turnout 65,015

References

  1. Craig, F.W.S. (1987). Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 102.
  2. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918
  3. Who's Who
  4. A Liberal Chronicle: Journals and Papers of J.A. Pease
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