1948 Nobel Prize in Literature

The 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to British-American poet Thomas Stearns Eliot (pen name, T. S. Eliot) (1888–1965) "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry."[1] Eliot is the fourth British (born in the United States) recipient of the prize after John Galsworthy in 1932.

1948 Nobel Prize in Literature
Thomas Stearns Eliot
"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry."
Date
  • 4 November 1948 (announcement)
  • 10 December 1948
    (ceremony)
LocationStockholm, Sweden
Presented bySwedish Academy
First awarded1901
WebsiteOfficial website

Laureate
Main article: T.S. Eliot

T.S. Eliot was a highly influential poet known for works such as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1940). His belief that poetry should aim to represent the complexities of modern civilization made him one of the most daring innovators of 20th century poetry. He also wrote essays and plays such as Murder in the Cathedral (1935).[2]

Deliberations

Nominations

T.S. Eliot was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature on seven occasions, the first time in 1945. In 1948, three nominations for Eliot were submitted which eventually led to him being awarded the prize.[3]

In total, the Nobel committee received 45 nominations for 32 individuals including André Malraux, Georges Duhamel, Winston Churchill (awarded in 1953), Toyohiko Kagawa, Boris Pasternak (awarded in 1958), Nikolai Berdyaev, Mikhail Sholokov (awarded in 1965), Shmuel Yosef Agnon (awarded in 1966), Angelos Sikelianos, Mark Aldanov, and Arnulf Øverland.[4] Seven of the nominees were nominated first-time among them George Santayana, Zalman Shneur, George Macauley Trevelyan, Halldór Laxness (awarded in 1955), and Riccardo Bacchelli. Three of the nominees were women: Marie Under, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette and Dorothy Canfield Fisher.[4]

The 1929 Nobel Prize laureate Thomas Mann was unconventionally nominated for a second prize by two members of the Swedish Academy.[5] The authors Antonin Artaud, Charles A. Beard, Georges Bernanos, Alice Brown, Wilbur Lucius Cross, Osamu Dazai, André Fontainas, Susan Glaspell, Frederick Philip Grove, Victor Ido, Klara Johanson, Aldo Leopold, Monteiro Lobato, Emil Ludwig, Claude McKay, Thomas Mofolo, Na Hye-sok, Sextil Pușcariu, Antonin Sertillanges, Montague Summers, and Marcelle Tinayre died in 1948 without having been nominated for the prize. Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev died months before the announcement.

Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize
No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)
1 Mark Aldanov (1886–1957)  Soviet Union
( Ukraine)
 France		 biography, novel, essays, literary criticism Ivan Bunin (1870–1953)
2 Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1887–1970)  Israel novel, short story Martin Lamm (1880–1950)
3 Eugène Baie (1874–1964)  Belgium law, essays
4 Riccardo Bacchelli (1891–1985)  Italy novel, drama, essays Accademia dei Lincei
5 Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)  Soviet Union
( Ukraine)		 philosophy, theology Alf Nyman (1884–1968)
6 René Béhaine (1880–1966)  France novel, short story, essays Maurice Mignon (1882–1962)
7 Dorothy Canfield Fisher (1879–1958)  United States novel, short story, pedagogy, essays David Baumgardt (1890–1963)[lower-alpha 1]
8 Winston Churchill (1874–1965)  United Kingdom history, essays, memoir
9 Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (1873–1954)  France novel, short story Claude Farrère (1876–1957)
10 Benedetto Croce (1866–1952)  Italy history, philosophy, law Accademia dei Lincei
11 Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877–1952)  Portugal poetry João António Mascarenhas Júdice (1898–1957)
12 Georgios Drossinis (1859–1951)  Greece poetry, novel, short story Geōrgios Oikonomos (1882–1951)
13 Georges Duhamel (1884–1966)  France novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism
14 Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965)  United States
 United Kingdom		 poetry, essays, drama
15 Johan Falkberget (1879–1967)  Norway novel, short story, essays
16 Franz Hellens (1881–1972)  Belgium novel, poetry, literary criticism Anders Österling (1884–1981)
17 Toyohiko Kagawa (1888–1960)  Japan essays Sven Hedin (1865–1952)
18 Rudolf Kassner (1873–1959)  Austria philosophy, essays, translation Theophil Spoerri (1890–1974)
19 Halldór Laxness (1902–1998)  Iceland novel, short story, drama, poetry
20 André Malraux (1901–1976)  France novel, essays, literary criticism Justin O'Brien (1906–1968)
21 Thomas Mann (1875–1955)  Germany novel, short story, essays
22 Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968)  Spain philology, history Gunnar Tilander (1894–1973)
23 Charles Langbridge Morgan (1894–1958)  United Kingdom drama, novel, essays, poetry Otto Funke (1828–1879)
24 Arnulf Øverland (1889–1968)  Norway poetry, essays
25 Boris Pasternak (1890–1960)  Soviet Union poetry, novel, translation Martin Lamm (1880–1950)
26 Jules Romains (1885–1972)  France poetry, drama, screenplay Alfred Jolivet (1885–1966)
27 George Santayana (1863–1952)  Spain
 United States		 philosophy, essays, poetry, novel Justin O'Brien (1906–1968)
28 Zalman Shneour (1887–1959)  Soviet Union
( Belarus)
 United States		 poetry, essays Joseph Klausner (1874–1958)
29 Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984)  Soviet Union novel Nobel Committee (unspecified)
30 Angelos Sikelianos (1884–1951)  Greece poetry, drama
31 George Macauley Trevelyan (1876–1962)  United Kingdom biography, autobiography, essays, history Nils Ahnlund (1889–1957)
32 Marie Under (1883–1980)  Soviet Union
( Estonia)		 poetry Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953)

Award ceremony speech

In his award ceremony speech on 10 December 1948, Anders Österling, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, said of Eliot: "His career is remarkable in that, from an extremely exclusive and consciously isolated position, he has gradually come to exercise a very far-reaching influence. At the outset he appeared to address himself to but a small circle of initiates, but this circle slowly widened, without his appearing to will it himself. Thus in Eliot's verse and prose there was quite a special accent, which compelled attention just in our own time, a capacity to cut into the consciousness of our generation with the sharpness of a diamond."[6]

Notes
  1. Dorothy Fisher was nominated by undisclosed nominators as well.

References
  1. The Nobel Prize in literature 1948 nobelprize.org
  2. T.S. Eliot Poetry Foundation
  3. T.S. Eliot nominations nobelprize.org
  4. Nomination archive nobelprize.org
  5. Nomination archive – Thomas Mann nobelprize.org
  6. Award Ceremony speech 1948 nobelprize.org
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.