1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.[1]

1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
1 February 1960
All 126 seats in the Kerala Legislative Assembly
64 seats needed for a majority
Turnout85.72% (Increase20.23)
  First party Second party
 
Leader Pattom A. Thanu Pillai E. M. S. Namboodiripad
Party PSP CPI
Alliance With INC & IUML
Leader's seat Trivandrum Pattambi
Last election 9 60
Seats won 95 (20 PSP +63 INC+ +11 ML +1 IND) 29
Seat change Increase11 Decrease31
Popular vote 2,789,556 3,171,732
Percentage 34.42% 39.14%
Swing Decrease3.43% Increase3.86%
Chief Minister before election

Vacant
President's rule

 Chief Minister

Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
PSP

Background

In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents.[2] But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle",[3][4] even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature.[5] After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.

Constituencies

There were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly.[6] Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.

Political parties

Four national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election.[6] In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India.[1] Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.[1]

Results

Summary of results of the 1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[6][7]
Political PartyFlagSeats
Contested		WonNet Change
in seats		 % of
Seats		 VotesVote %Change in
vote %		Vote % in
contested seats
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 30New05,2770.07New3.28
Communist Party of India 10829Decrease 3123.023,171,73239.14Increase 3.8643.79
Indian National Congress INC Flag Official 8063Increase 2050.002,789,55634.42Decrease 3.4345.37
Praja Socialist Party 3320Increase 1115.871,146,02814.14Decrease 3.3838.41
IUML 1211New8.73401,9254.96New47.79
Independent 615Decrease 114.17488,6995.93-5.6113.96
Total Seats126 (Steady 0)Voters9,604,331Turnout8,232,572 (85.72%)

By constituency
A. C. NO. Assembly Constituency Name Category Winner Candidates Name Gender Party Vote Runner-up Candidates Name Gender Party Vote
1 Parassala GEN M. Kunjukrishnan Nadar M IND 18848 Thangayyan M CPI 18096
2 Neyyattinkara GEN P. Narayanan Thampi M PSP 31707 R. Janardhanan Nair M CPI 30756
3 Vilappil GEN Ponnara G. Sreedhar M PSP 27929 Surendranath M CPI 24732
4 Nemom GEN Viswambaran M PSP 28573 A. Sadasivan M CPI 22918
5 Trivandrum I GEN B. P. Eapen M PSP 27328 Krishnan Nair M CPI 20385
6 Trivandrum II GEN Pattom Thanupillai M PSP 35175 K. Anirudhan M CPI 25917
7 Ullur GEN M. Alikunju Sastri M PSP 30269 K. P. Alikunju M CPI 24939
8 Arianad GEN Antony Dcruz M PSP 25351 K. C. George M CPI 22258
9 Nedumangad GEN N. Neelakandaru Pandarathil M CPI 27797 P. S. Nataraja Pillai M PSP 25685
10 Attingal GEN N. Kunjuraman M INC 28050 R. Prakasam M CPI 27920
11 Varkala GEN Balakrishnan M CPI 50231 Balakrishnan M CPI 50114
12 Eravipuram GEN Ravindran M CPI 25548 Bhaskara Pillai M PSP 23689
13 Quilon GEN A. A. Rahim M INC 25083 P. K. Sukumaran M CPI 18791
14 Thrikkadavur GEN C. M. Stephen M INC 48618 Krishnan M INC 46244
15 Karunagappally GEN Baby John M IND 21238 Kunjukrishnan M INC 21030
16 Krishnapuram GEN P. K. Kunju M PSP 28247 Karthikeyan M INC 27583
17 Kayamkulam GEN Aysha Bai F CPI 30727 Hemachandran M INC 29467
18 Karthigapally GEN R. Sugathan M CPI 30832 A. Achuthan M PSP 28433
19 Haripad GEN N. S. Krishna Pillai M INC 31389 Ramakrishna Pillai M IND 21080
20 Mavelikara GEN Gopala Kurup M CPI 54340 Kunjachan M CPI 54042
21 Kunnathur GEN G. Candrasekhara Pillai M INC 51101 P. C. Adichen M CPI 49253
22 Kottarakkara (SC) Damodaran Pott M PSP 27909 Chandrasekharan Nair M CPI 25741
23 Chadayamangalam GEN K. Bhargavan M CPI 25412 M. Abdul Majeed M PSP 25290
24 Pathanapuram GEN Balakrishna Pillai M INC 35136 Rajagopalan Nair M CPI 30601
25 Punalur GEN K. Krishna Pillai M CPI 26415 Sathibhai F INC 23042
26 Ranni GEN Vayala Idicula M INC 34560 E. M. Thomas M CPI 24426
27 Pathanamthitta GEN C. K. Harichandran Nair M PSP 36660 K. Karunakaran Nair M CPI 28194
28 Aranmula GEN K. Gopinathan Pillai M INC 31899 R. Gopalakrishna Pillai M CPI 20295
29 Kallooppara GEN M. M. Mathai M INC 32270 Viwanathan Nair M IND 14015
30 Thiruvalla GEN P. Chacko M INC 36092 Padmanabhan Thampi M CPI 20026
31 Chengannur GEN K. R. Saraswathy Amma F INC 31964 R. Rajasekharan Thampi M CPI 19063
32 Alleppey GEN Nabisath Beevi F INC 33443 T. V. Thomas M CPI 29650
33 Mararikulam GEN S. Kumaran M CPI 31826 Devaki Krishnan F INC 24476
34 Sherthala GEN K. R. Gouri F CPI 29883 Subramania Pillai M INC 28377
35 Aroor GEN Karthikeyan M INC 29403 Sadasivan M CPI 27265
36 Thakashi GEN Thomas John M INC 33079 Gopalakrishna Pillai M IND 20961
37 Changanacherry GEN N. Bhaskaran Nair M INC 31935 A. M. Kalyanskrishnan Nair M CPI 22542
38 Vazhoor GEN Velappan M INC 27566 Purushothaman Pillai M CPI 20504
39 Kanjirappally GEN K. T. Thomas M INC 28310 K. S. Mustafaz Kamal M IND 21422
40 Puthuppally GEN P. C. Cherian M INC 30260 M. Thomas M CPI 22349
41 Kottayam GEN M. P. Govindan Nair M INC 29020 N. Raghava Kurup M CPI 27863
42 Ettumanoor GEN George Joseph Podipara M INC 30925 Sankunny Menon M CPI 22367
43 Meenachil GEN P. T. Chacko (Thomas) M INC 30745 Jacob Cherian M CPI 15644
44 Vaikom GEN Sreenivasan M CPI 32707 Pavithran M INC 30638
45 Kaduthuruthy GEN Abraham Chummar M INC 32615 Umadevi Antharjanam F CPI 17316
46 Ramamangalam GEN E. P. Poulose M INC 32448 P. V. Abraham M CPI 19871
47 Muvattupuzha GEN K. M. George M INC 33520 K. C. Abraham M IND 20907
48 Devikulam GEN Murugesan Thiruvengadan M INC 75141 M. M. Sundaram M CPI 72801
49 Thodupuzha GEN Mathew M INC 34156 Jose Abraham M CPI 13899
50 Karikode GEN Kosumom Joseph F INC 29907 Saidu Monammad Sahib M IND 13621
51 Poonjar GEN T. A. Thomman M INC 35722 Kumara Menon M CPI 14364
52 Puliyannur GEN K. M. Joseph Chazhikattu M PSP 34781 Ulahanan M CPI 14503
53 Palluruthy GEN Alexander Parambithara M INC 33541 Kerala Varma Thampuran M IND 26304
54 Mattancherry GEN K. K. Viswanathan M INC 32997 Ratnam Ranganath Rai F IND 18411
55 Neenakkal GEN K. C. Abraham M INC 31212 P. R. Leghnan M CPI 28322
56 Ernakulam GEN A. L. Jacob M INC 32001 V. Viswanatha Menon M CPI 25108
57 Kanayannur GEN T. K. Ramakrishnan M CPI 31582 K. R. Narayanan M INC 29101
58 Alwaye GEN T. O. Chacko M INC 34484 M. M. Abdul Kadir M CPI 28867
59 Perumbavoor GEN K. M. Chacko M INC 31718 Govinda Pillai M CPI 25918
60 Kothakulangara GEN M. A. Antony M INC 38681 Kurian M CPI 19872
61 Parur GEN K. A. Damodara Menon M INC 30369 N. Siran Pillai M CPI 26371
62 Vadakkekara GEN K. R. Vijayan M INC 27200 K. A. Balan M CPI 26121
63 Cranganore GEN P. K. Abdul Kadir M INC 33679 E. Gopalakrishna Menon M CPI 26164
64 Chalakkudy GEN C. G. Janardhanan M PSP 66618 K. K. Balakrishnan M INC 66454
65 Irinjalakuda GEN C. Achutha Menon M CPI 29069 P. Achutha Menon M PSP 28708
66 Manalur GEN Kuruineelakantan Namboothiripad M INC 30291 Joseph Mundassari M CPI 27677
67 Trichur GEN T. A. Dharmaraja Iyer M INC 30277 K. Balakrishna Menon M IND 29814
68 Ollur GEN P. R. Francis M INC 29950 V. V. Raghavan M CPI 27091
69 Kunnamkulam GEN P. R. Krishnan M INC 29450 T. K. Krishnan M CPI 26878
70 Wadakkanchery GEN K. Balakrishna Menon M PSP 46052 Kochukuttan M INC 45726
71 Nattika GEN K. T. Achuthan M INC 29235 T. K. Raman M CPI 28796
72 Guruvayoor GEN K. G. Karunakara M INC 26083 K. Damodaran M CPI 25075
73 Andathodu GEN B. V. Seethi Thangal M ML 26615 K. Govinda Kutty Menon M CPI 22621
74 Ponnani GEN Kunhambu Kallen M INC 45326 Cherukoya Thangal M ML 43360
75 Kushalmannam GEN Kuduvakottu John M CPI 28817 T. A. Balakrishnan M INC 17785
76 Alathur GEN R. Krishnan M CPI 31159 A. Sunna Sahib M INC 21935
77 Chittur GEN P. Balachandra Menon M CPI 48241 Narayanan Thandan M CPI 48156
78 Elapully GEN A. K. Ramankutty Nair M CPI 24958 T. K. Kelukutty M INC 18119
79 Palghat GEN R. Ranghava Menon M INC 26546 K. C. Gopalanunni M CPI 24788
80 Parli GEN A. R. Menon M CPI 33605 A. S. Divakaran M PSP 16545
Bye Polls in 1960 Parli M.V.Vasu M COM 25977 A.S.Divakaran M PSP 13760
81 Mannarghat GEN Krishnan Kongaseri M CPI 25060 M. P. Govinda Menon M PSP 18999
82 Perinthalmanna GEN E. P. Gopalan M CPI 24866 Moideenkutty Melevostti M ML 20339
83 Ottapalam GEN Kunhunni Nayar M CPI 24741 Chandrasekhara Kurup M PSP 18118
84 Pattambi GEN E. M. Sankaran Namboodiripad M CPI 26478 A. Raghavan Nair M INC 19156
85 Mankada GEN P. Abdul Majeed M ML 24343 Pookunhi Koya Thangal M CPI 20037
86 Tirur GEN K. Moideenkutty Haji M ML 28518 K. P. Bavakutty M CPI 16603
87 Tanur GEN C. H. Mohammad Koya M ML 27893 Nadukkandy Mohammad Koya M CPI 8445
88 Kuttippuram GEN Seethi Sahib M ML 29073 Kunhikrishnan Thorakkadu M CPI 12430
89 Thirurangady GEN Avukkadarkutty Hajee Naha M ML 34749 M. Koya Kunhi Naha Hajee M CPI 18049
90 Malappuram GEN K. Hassan Gani M ML 32947 Sadhu P. Ahammad Kutty M CPI 12118
91 Manjeri GEN P. P. Ummer Koya M INC 69700 Chandayan Muniadan M ML 66028
92 Kandotty GEN M. P. M. Ahammad Kurikkal M ML 33167 Momukutty Moulavi M IND 11860
93 Kozhikode I GEN O. T. Sarada Krishnan F INC 30638 Krishnan Kallat M CPI 24732
94 Kozhikode I I GEN P. Kumaran M INC 33587 Appu Adiuolil M IND 20613
95 Chevayur GEN Raghavan Nair M CPI 29063 A. Balagopalan M INC 28357
96 Kunnamangalam GEN Leela Damodara Menon F INC 34539 Chathunni M CPI 22608
97 Koduvally GEN Gopalakutty Nair M INC 37483 M. V. Alikoya M IND 16214
98 Balusseri GEN M. Narayana Kuruf M PSP 32423 K. Kalandankutty M IND 22983
99 Quilandy GEN Kunhiraman Nabbiar M PSP 40361 Ramakrishnan M IND 21083
100 Perambra GEN P. K. Narayanan Nambiar M PSP 38272 Kumaran Madathil M CPI 27472
101 Badagara GEN M. Krishnan M PSP 32552 M. K. Kelu M CPI 22824
102 Nadapuram GEN Hameed Ali Shemnad M ML 34893 C. H. Kanaran M CPI 27846
103 Wynad GEN Balakrishnan Nambiar M INC 79235 Madhura Vazhavatta M INC 77380
104 Kuthuparamba GEN P. Ramunni Kurup M PSP 42338 Aboo M IND 18691
105 Mattannur GEN N. E. Balaram M CPI 31119 Achuthan M PSP 31034
106 Tellicherry GEN P. Kunhiraman M INC 28380 V. R. Krishna Iyar M IND 28357
107 Cannanore I GEN R. Sankar M INC 33313 Kannan Chaliyoth M CPI 23859
108 Cannanore II GEN Madhavan Pamban M INC 31252 K. P. Gopalan M CPI 27563
109 Madayi GEN Prahladan Gopalan M INC 30829 K. P. R. Gopalan M CPI 30568
110 Irikkur GEN T. C. Narayanaan Nambiar M CPI 31769 M. P. Moidu Hajee Melekandy M INC 30489
111 Nileswar GEN C. Kunhikrshna Nair M INC 59513 Koran Olaikkapurakal M PSP 59340
112 Hosdrug GEN K. Chandrasekharan M PSP 27862 K. Madhavan M CPI 22315
113 Kasaragod GEN M. Kunhikannan Nambiar M INC 19399 Anantharama Chetty M IND 15747
114 Manjeshwar GEN Kalige Mahabala Bhandary M IND 23129 Kamappa Master M CPI 13131

[8]

Government formation

Congress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority[6] in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister[9] and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.[1]

Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.

See also

References
  1. "History of Kerala Legislature". Kerala Government. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  2. Thomas Johnson Nossiter (1 January 1982). Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. University of California Press. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-0-520-04667-2.
  3. "Fresh light on 'Liberation Struggle'". The Hindu. 12 February 2008. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  4. Visalakshi, Dr. N.R. (January–March 1966). "Presidents Rule in Kerala". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 27 (1): 55–68. JSTOR 41854147.
  5. Sethy, Rabindra Kumar (2003). Political Crisis and President's Rule in an Indian State. APH Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 9788176484633.
  6. "Statistical Report on General Election, 1960 : To the Legislative Assembly of Kerala" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  7. Thomas Johnson Nossiter (1 January 1982). Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. University of California Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-520-04667-2.
  8. "Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1960". www.elections.in. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  9. "Kerala Legislature – Chief Ministers". Kerala Government. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
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