1990 Soviet Union regional elections

In 1990, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the Supreme Soviets of 14 other republics of the Soviet Union.

Background

The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with Congress of Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the Constitution of the USSR.

Most of the republics except for Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional reform of 1989–90, they retained direct elections to their Supreme Soviets, but unlike the campaigns of preceding 50 years, republican branches of the CPSU now were facing significant opposition from the nationalist forces, represented in organizations such as Lithuania's Sąjūdis and numerous "Popular Fronts" (Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan).

List
Republic Date Communist Party Opposition Parties Independents
Leader Result Principal Leader Result
Armenia 20 May Vladimir Movsisyan
136 / 259
 –
123 / 259
Azerbaijan[1] 30 September Ayaz Mutallibov
280 / 366
 Ali Karimli and Abulfaz Elchibey
45 / 366
15 / 366
Byelorussia[2] 4 March Mikałaj Dzemianciej
302 / 360
 Zianon Pazniak
26 / 360
 –
Estonia[3] 18 March Vaino Väljas
27 / 105
 Edgar Savisaar (pro-independence)
43 / 105
10 / 105
Unknown (anti-independence)
25 / 105
Georgia[4] 28 October Givi Gumbaridze
64 / 250
 Zviad Gamsakhurdia
174 / 250
9 / 250
Kazakhstan 25 March Nursultan Nazarbayev
342 / 360
 –
18 / 360
Kirghizia 25 February Absamat Masaliyev
315 / 350
 –
35 / 350
Latvia 18 March Jānis Vagris
55 / 201
 Dainis Īvāns
131 / 201
15 / 201
Lithuania[lower-alpha 1] 24 February Mykolas Burokevičius (CPL-CPSU)
7 / 135
 Vytautas Landsbergis
74 / 135
6 / 135
Algirdas Brazauskas (CPL-ind.)
48 / 135
Moldavia February–March Petru Lucinschi
177 / 380
 Ion Hadârcă
101 / 380
102 / 380
Russia 4 March Mikhail Gorbachev[lower-alpha 2]
920 / 1,068
 –
148 / 1,068
Tajikistan 30 November Qahhor Mahkamov
221 / 230
 –
9 / 230
Turkmenia 27 October Saparmurat Niyazov
157 / 175
 –
18 / 175
Ukraine 4 March Vladimir Ivashko
331 / 450
 Ihor Yukhnovskyi
111 / 450
 –
Uzbekistan 18 February Islam Karimov
456 / 500
 Abdurahim Po‘latov
40 / 500
4 / 500

See also

References
  1. CIA World Factbook (1995)
  2. "What was the Belarusian parliament quarter of a century ago? The Supreme Council of XII convocation, 1990-1995". Nasha Niva. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  3. "Elections and Referendums in Estonia 1989-1999". Estonian National Electoral Committee. 2008-11-17.
  4. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p382 ISBN 0-19-924958-X

Notes
  1. In December 1989, majority of the Communist Party of Lithuania led by Brazauskas proclaimed it separate from the CPSU. Burokevičius headed pro-Union branch.
  2. Since the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia was the only constituent republic without its own Communist Party. The short-lived CP RSFSR would be created three months after the 1990 election.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.