1st Federal Parliament of Nepal
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
| 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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 | |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Nepal | ||||
| Term | 4 March 2018 – 18 September 2022 | ||||
| Election | 2017 general elections 2018, 2020, 2022 National Assembly elections | ||||
| Government | Oli cabinet, 2018 Fifth Deuba Cabinet | ||||
| Website | www | ||||
| House of Representatives | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 275 | ||||
| Speaker of the House | Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019) Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020) | ||||
| Deputy Speaker | Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020) Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022) | ||||
| Leader of the House | Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (until 13 July 2021) Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
| Leader of the Opposition | Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (until 13 July 2021) Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
| Party control | Government (158)
External Support (18)
Opposition (93) Vacant (4)
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| National Assembly | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 59 | ||||
| Chairperson | Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | ||||
| Vice-chairperson | Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022) vacant (since 4 March 2022) | ||||
| Party control | Government (39)
External Support (2)
Opposition (17) | ||||
165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system[6] and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively.
On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members.[7] The electoral college met again on 26 January 2022 to elect 20 members of the 2nd Class.[8]
The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet.[9] The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal.[10] The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari and was reinstated again on 12 July 2021 by the Supreme Court.[11][12] The parliament was dissolved on 18 September 2022 after completing its five-year term.[13][14]
Leaders
Office bearers
- Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Rt. Hon. Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019)[15]
- Rt. Hon. Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020)[16]
- Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Hon. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020)[17]
- Hon. Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022)[18]
- Prime Minister of Nepal:
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (until 13 July 2021) (CPN (UML))
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (since 13 July 2021) (Nepali Congress)
- Leader of the Opposition:
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (until 13 July 2021) (Nepali Congress)
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (since 13 July 2021) (CPN (UML))
Parliamentary party leaders
- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress: Sher Bahadur Deuba
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Bijay Kumar Gachhadar
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (UML): KP Sharma Oli
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Subhash Chandra Nemwang
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Maoist Centre): Pushpa Kamal Dahal[19]
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Unified Socialist): Madhav Kumar Nepal
- Parliamentary party leader of People's Socialist Party: Upendra Yadav
- Parliamentary party leader of Loktantrik Samajwadi Party: Mahantha Thakur
Whips
- Chief Whip (Nepali Congress):
- Bal Krishna Khand (until 12 July 2021)
- Chitra Lekha Yadav (from 20 July 2022)[20]
- Whip (Nepali Congress):
- Pushpa Bhusal (until 15 July 2022)
- Min Bishwakarma (from 20 July 2022)[20]
- Chief Whip (CPN (UML)): Bishal Bhattarai
- Whip (CPN (UML)): Shanta Chaudhary
- Chief Whip (CPN (Maoist Centre)): Dev Prasad Gurung
- Chief Whip (CPN (Unified Socialist)): Jeevan Ram Shrestha
- Chief Whip (People's Socialist Party): Pramod Sah
- Chief Whip (Loktantrik Samajwadi Partyl): Umashankar Argariya
Office bearers
- Chairperson of the National Assembly: Rt. Hon. Ganesh Prasad Timilsina[21]
- Vice-Chairperson of the National Assembly:
- Hon. Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022)[22]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
Parliamentary party leaders
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (UML):
- Suman Raj Pyakurel (until 4 March 2022)[23]
- Khim Lal Bhattarai (since 10 March 2022)[24]
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Maoist Centre):
- Dina Nath Sharma (until 4 March 2022) [19]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress:
- Surendra Raj Pandey (until 3 March 2020)
- Radheshyam Adhikari (from 10 March 2020 to 4 March 2022)[25]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Unified Socialist): Beduram Bhusal[26]
Whips
- Chief Whip of CPN (UML):
- Chief Whip of Nepali Congress:
- Sarita Prasain (until 3 March 2020)[27]
Members of the House of Representatives
|
| Party | After election | At dissolution | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPTH | Prop. | Total | FPTH | Prop. | Total | +/– | ||
| Registered parliamentary parties | ||||||||
| CPN (UML)[lower-alpha 4] | 81 | 41 | 121 | 68 | 28 | 96 |  25 | |
| Nepali Congress | 23 | 40 | 63 | 23 | 40 | 62 | 1 | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre)[lower-alpha 4] | 36 | 17 | 53 | 32 | 17 | 49[lower-alpha 5] | 4 | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist)[lower-alpha 6] | — | — | — | 12 | 13 | 25 |  25 | |
| People's Socialist Party[lower-alpha 7] | — | — | — | 13 | 8 | 19 | 19 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party[lower-alpha 8] | — | — | — | 9 | 4 | 13 | 13 | |
| Nepal Socialist Party | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Others | ||||||||
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party[lower-alpha 9] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |  | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha[lower-alpha 9] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Nepal Workers Peasants Party[lower-alpha 9] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Independent | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Former parties | ||||||||
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal[lower-alpha 7] | 11 | 6 | 17 | — | — | — | 17 | |
| Federal Socialist Forum[lower-alpha 10] | 10 | 6 | 16 | — | — | — | 16 | |
| Naya Shakti Party, Nepal[lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10] | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Suspended | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | |
| Vacant | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | |
| Total | 165 | 110 | 275 | 161 | 110 | 271 | ||
Members
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party (13) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Mahottari 3 | Mahanta Thakur[lower-alpha 13] | Parliamentary party Leader |
| Dhanusha 2 | Uma Shankar Aragriya[lower-alpha 12] | Chief Whip |
| Parsa 2 | Bimal Prasad Shrivastav[lower-alpha 12] | President of Industry, Commerce, Labour and Consumer Interest Committee |
| Parsa 4 | Laxman Lal Karna[lower-alpha 13] | President of Parliamentary Hearing Committee |
| Rautahat 1 | Anil Kumar Jha[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Madheshi | Chanda Chaudhary[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Saptari 3 | Chandra Kanta Chaudhary[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Dalit | Dulari Devi Khanga[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Bara 4 | Iqbal Miya[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Dalit | Kalu Devi Biswokarma[lower-alpha 12] | |
| Khas Arya | Nirjala Raut[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Dhanusha 3 | Rajendra Mahato[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Mahottari 2 | Sharat Singh Bhandari[lower-alpha 13] | |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Jhapa 3 | Rajendra Prasad Lingden | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Pyuthan 1 | Durga Poudel | |
| Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Bhaktapur 1 | Prem Suwal | |
| Independent (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Humla 1 | Chakka Bahadur Lama | |
Suspensions
| Constituency/PR group | Name | Party | Date of suspension | Reason | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kailali 1 | Resham Lal Chaudhary | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 3 January 2019 | Suspended following murder charges[28] | |
| Parsa 3 | Hari Narayan Rauniyar | Federal Socialist Forum | 8 October 2019 | Suspendend following graft charges[29] | |
| Rautahat 2 | Mohammad Aftab Alam | Nepali Congress | 14 October 2019 | Suspended following murder charges[30] | |
Changes
By-elections are held for seats that become vacant or members elected through proportional representation are replaced from the party list.
Defections
Members of the National Assembly
| Party | After 2018 election | After 2020 election | After 2022 election | At time of dissolution of HoR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPN (UML) | 29 | — | 17 | 18[lower-alpha 3] | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre) | 13 | — | 16 | 16[lower-alpha 1] | |
| Nepali Congress | 13 | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist) | — | — | 9 | 9[lower-alpha 2] | |
| People's Socialist Party | — | — | 3 | 3 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party[42] | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Independent | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Nepal Communist Party | — | 50 | — | — | |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
| Federal Socialist Forum | 2 | — | — | — | |
| Samajbadi Party | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Total | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | |
Retired members of the National Assembly
| Category | Name | Party | Assumed office[51] | Retirement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province No. 1 | |||||
| Open | Hari Charan Shiwakoti | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Parshuram Megi Gurung | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Sarita Prasai | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Nainakala Ojha | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Khem Raj Nepali | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Aagam Prasad Bantawa Rai | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Madhesh Province | |||||
| Open | Ramesh Prasad Yadav | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 18 March 2018[52] | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Suman Raj Pyakurel | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Mukta Kumari Yadav | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Shashikala Dahal | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Ramprit Paswan | Samajbadi Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Brikhesh Chandra Lal | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Bagmati Province | |||||
| Open | Balram Baskota | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Ram Bahadur Thapa | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 18 April 2021[53] | |
| Open | Radheshyam Adhikari | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Dhana Khatiwada | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Udaya Sharma | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Gandaki Province | |||||
| Open | Surendra Raj Pandey | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Dina Nath Sharma | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Brinda Rana Magar | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Shanti Adhikari | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Khim Bahadur BK | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Lumbini Province | |||||
| Open | Durga Prasad Upadhyaya | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Chandra Bahadur Khadka | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 28 April 2021[54] | |
| Open | Dirga Narayan Pandey | Nepali Congress | 9 June 2021[55] | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Mina Budha | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Komal Oli | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Ram Lakhan Harijan | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Raj Kumar Kunwar | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Karnali Province | |||||
| Open | Kali Bahadur Malla | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Thagendra Puri | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Yutul Lama | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Kabita Bogati | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Jeevan Budha | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Sudurpashchim Province | |||||
| Open | Badri Pandey | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Sher Bahadur Kunwar | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Kamala Oli | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Tara Devi Joshi | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Chakra Prasad Snehi | CPN (UML) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Nominated | |||||
| Yuba Raj Khatiwada | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | ||
| Ram Narayan Bidari | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 10 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | ||
Explanatory notes
- 15 elected and 1 nominated
- 8 elected and 1 nominated
- 17 elected (including chairperson) and 1 nominated
- CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merged to form Nepal Communist Party from 17 May 2018 to 8 March 2021
- Including the Speaker, who does not vote on deliberations
- Split from CPN (UML) on 25 August 2021
- Samajbadi Party and Rastriya Janata Party Nepal merged to form People's Socialist Party on 22 April 2020
- Split from People's Socialist Party on 25 August 2021
- Represented as Independent for not meeting party threshold.
- FSFN and Naya Shakti merged on 6 May 2019 to form Samajbadi Party
- Elected from the Nepal Communist Party. Joined CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) after the party split.
- Elected from Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal
- Elected from Rastriya Janata Party Nepal
- Elected from Naya Shakti Party, Nepal
- Elected from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
- Succession of the two-year-term seat via the 2020 Nepalese National Assembly election[44]
- Succession of the four-year-term seat via the 2022 Nepalese National Assembly election[43]
- Succession via by-election caused due to expulsion of sitting member, Ram Bahadur Thapa, from CPN (Maoist Centre)[46]
References
- "देउवालाई विश्वासको मत दिने यी हुन् एमालेका २२ सांसद". Online Khabar (in Nepali). 18 July 2021.
- "महन्थ ठाकुर पक्ष आन्तरिक छलफलमा, सरकारमा सहभागी नहुने". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
- "सरकारमा सहभागिताबारे लोसपामा दुईधार". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
- "DSP's executive committee meeting underway". Khabarhub. 12 September 2021.
- "Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence in Nepal Parliament". The Indian Express. 19 July 2021.
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- "Sapkota becomes Speaker amid concerns from conflict victims and rights watchdogs". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- "Shiva Maya Tumbahangphe resigns as Deputy Speaker". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- "Pushpa Bhusal elected deputy speaker of Lower House". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
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- diwakar (2019-10-14). "Parliament suspends Alam after arrest - OnlineKhabar English News". Retrieved 2022-05-20.
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- Final Results of National Assembly Election, 2022, 27 January 2022
- National Assembly elections today, 23 January 2020
- Joined other party CPN (Unified Socialist)
- UML's Ram Bahadur Thapa loses NA seat to opposition's Khim Lal Devkota, 20 May 2021
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- "Bamdev Gautam sworn in as a member of National Assembly". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
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 Lists of Nepalese legislators | |||||||||||||||
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| House of Representatives |
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| Rastriya Panchayat | |||||||||||||||
| National Assembly | |||||||||||||||
| Constituent Assembly | |||||||||||||||
| Provincial Assembly |
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