2000 Chinese census

The 2000 Chinese census, officially the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国第五次全国人口普查), was conducted by the government of the People's Republic of China with 1 November 2000 as its zero hour. The total population was calculated as 1,295,330,000.[1][note 1] The census also covered population growth, number of households, sex, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and urban and rural population.[note 2]

Fifth National Census
1 November 2000
General information
CountryChina
Results
Total population1,245,110,826 (Increase 9.8%)
Most populous ​provinceHenan
91,236,854
Least populous ​provinceTibet Autonomous Region
2,616,329

The census did not include the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Population by province-level division
Fifth National Census long form
Fifth National Census temporary residence form

Based on the results of the Fifth National Population Census, Henan was the most populous province-level division, Shandong was ranked second, Guangdong and Sichuan were third and fourth, and Jiangsu, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Zhejiang were ranked fifth through tenth. Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Tibet were the four least populous, with fewer than 10 million people each. Tibet was the least populous of all, with 2,620,000 people.

There were nine province-level divisions with more than 50 million people, eighteen with 10–50 million people, and four with less than 10 million people.

More than 50 million

10–50 million

Less than 10 million

List of province-level divisions by population
Fifth National Census population by province-level division (revised data; unit: 10,000 people)[1]
Rank
 Administrative
region
 Population Percentage of
total population
 Han Percentage of
total Han
population
 Percentage of
region's
population
 Minority Percentage of
total ethnic
minority
population
 Percentage of
region's
population
Total
(mainland China)		 126,583 100 115,940 100 91.59 10,643 100 8.41
1 Henan 9,256 7.31 9,143 7.89 98.78 113 1.06 1.22
2 Shandong 9,079 7.17 9,017 7.78 99.32 62 0.58 0.68
3 Guangdong 8,642 6.83 8,519 7.35 98.58 123 1.16 1.42
4 Sichuan 8,329 6.58 7,914 6.83 95.02 415 3.90 4.98
5 Jiangsu 7,438 5.88 7,413 6.39 99.67 25 0.23 0.33
6 Hebei 6,744 5.33 6,453 5.57 95.69 291 2.73 4.31
7 Hunan 6,440 5.09 5,782 4.99 89.79 658 6.18 10.21
8 Hubei 6,028 4.76 5,766 4.97 95.66 262 2.46 4.34
9 Anhui 5,986 4.73 5,948 5.13 99.37 38 0.36 0.63
10 Zhejiang 4,677 3.69 4,637 4.00 99.15 40 0.38 0.85
11 Guangxi 4,489 3.55 2,768 2.39 61.66 1,721 16.17 38.34
12 Yunnan 4,288 3.39 2,855 2.46 66.59 1,433 13.46 33.41
13 Liaoning 4,238 3.35 3,560 3.07 83.98 678 6.37 16.02
14 Jiangxi 4,140 3.27 4,129 3.56 99.73 11 0.10 0.27
15 Heilongjiang 3,689 2.91 3,504 3.02 94.98 185 1.74 5.02
16 Shaanxi 3,605 2.85 3,587 3.09 99.51 18 0.17 0.49
17 Guizhou 3,525 2.78 2,191 1.89 62.15 1,334 12.53 37.85
18 Fujian 3,471 2.74 3,413 2.94 98.33 58 0.54 1.67
19 Shanxi 3,297 2.60 3,287 2.84 99.71 10 0.09 0.29
20 Chongqing 3,090 2.44 2,892 2.49 93.58 198 1.86 6.42
21 Jilin 2,728 2.16 2,482 2.14 90.97 246 2.31 9.03
22 Gansu 2,562 2.02 2,339 2.02 91.31 223 2.10 8.69
23 Inner Mongolia 2,376 1.88 1,883 1.62 79.24 493 4.63 20.76
24 Xinjiang 1,925 1.52 782 0.67 40.61 1,143 10.74 59.39
25 Shanghai 1,674 1.32 1,664 1.44 99.40 10 0.09 0.6
26 Beijing 1,382 1.09 1,323 1.14 95.74 59 0.55 4.26
27 Tianjin 1,001 0.79 975 0.84 97.36 26 0.24 2.64
28 Hainan 787 0.62 651 0.56 82.71 136 1.28 17.29
29 Ningxia 562 0.44 368 0.32 65.47 194 1.82 34.53
30 Qinghai 518 0.41 282 0.24 54.49 236 2.22 45.51
31 Tibet 262 0.21 16 0.01 5.93 246 2.31 94.07
Active-duty military 250 0.20 239 0.21 95.53 11 0.10 4.47
Including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, the total population was 1,295,330,000, including:
·Population of Hong Kong: 7,110,000
·Population of Macau: 440,000
·Population of Taiwan: 22,280,000

Distribution of ethnic minorities

There were four province-level divisions with an ethnic minority population of more than 10 million: in decreasing order, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Xinjiang. There were two more provinces, Liaoning and Hunan, with an ethnic minority population of more than 5 million. Fourteen more, including Inner Mongolia and Sichuan, had an ethnic minority population of more than 1 million. Three more (Shandong, Beijing, and Fujian) had more than 500,000, while the remaining eight had more than 100,000 each.

There were 13 province-level divisions where the proportion of ethnic minorities was higher than the national average. In Tibet and Xinjiang more than 50% of the population belonged to ethnic minorities: 93.94% in Tibet and 59.43% in Xinjiang. In Qinghai, Guangxi, Guizhou, Ningxia, and Yunnan the ethnic minority population was greater than 30%. In Inner Mongolia it was 20.83%. In Hainan, Liaoning, and Hunan it was more than 10%, and in Jilin and Gansu it was also greater than the nationwide proportion of 8.41%.

Absolute population of ethnic minorities

Proportion of ethnic minorities

List of regions and ethnic minority population
Distribution of ethnic minorities in the Fifth National Census
Rank
 Administrative
region
 Total population
 Region's population
as a percentage
of total
 Ethnic minority
population
 Ethnic minorities
as a percentage of
region's population
 Percentage of
total ethnic minority
population
Total 1,245,110,826 100 105,337,818 8.46 100
Total (31 regions) 1,242,612,226 99.80 105,226,114 8.47 99.89
East China 358,849,244 28.82 2,499,256 0.70 2.37
South China 350,658,477 28.16 29,563,571 8.43 28.07
Southwest China 193,085,172 15.51 36,044,788 18.67 34.22
North China 145,896,933 11.72 8,716,190 5.97 8.27
Northeast China 104,864,179 8.42 10,944,334 10.44 10.39
Northwest China 89,258,221 7.17 17,457,975 19.56 16.57
1 Henan 91,236,854 7.33 1,143,568 1.25 1.09
2 Shandong 89,971,789 7.23 632,743 0.70 0.60
3 Guangdong 85,225,007 6.84 1,269,137 1.49 1.20
4 Sichuan 82,348,296 6.61 4,118,599 5.00 3.91
5 Jiangsu 73,043,577 5.87 259,903 0.36 0.25
6 Hebei 66,684,419 5.36 2,902,816 4.35 2.76
7 Hunan 63,274,173 5.08 6,410,694 10.13 6.09
8 Hubei 59,508,870 4.78 2,596,902 4.36 2.47
9 Anhui 58,999,948 4.74 397,836 0.67 0.38
10 Zhejiang 45,930,651 3.69 395,385 0.86 0.38
11 Guangxi 43,854,538 3.52 16,829,564 38.38 15.98
12 Yunnan 42,360,089 3.40 14,158,815 33.42 13.44
13 Liaoning 41,824,412 3.36 6,718,421 16.06 6.38
14 Jiangxi 40,397,598 3.24 125,717 0.31 0.12
15 Heilongjiang 36,237,576 2.91 1,772,537 4.89 1.68
16 Shaanxi 35,365,072 2.84 176,421 0.50 0.17
17 Guizhou 35,247,695 2.83 13,336,008 37.84 12.66
18 Fujian 34,097,947 2.74 583,800 1.71 0.55
19 Shanxi 32,471,242 2.61 103,159 0.32 0.10
20 Chongqing 30,512,763 2.45 1,973,607 6.47 1.87
21 Jilin 26,802,191 2.15 2,453,376 9.15 2.33
22 Gansu 25,124,282 2.02 2,199,219 8.75 2.09
23 Inner Mongolia 23,323,347 1.87 4,857,761 20.83 4.61
24 Xinjiang 18,459,511 1.48 10,969,592 59.43 10.41
25 Shanghai 16,407,734 1.32 103,872 0.63 0.10
26 Beijing 13,569,194 1.09 585,498 4.31 0.56
27 Tianjin 9,848,731 0.79 266,956 2.71 0.25
28 Hainan 7,559,035 0.61 1,313,706 17.38 1.25
29 Ningxia 5,486,393 0.44 1,895,830 34.56 1.80
30 Qinghai 4,822,963 0.39 2,216,913 45.97 2.10
31 Tibet 2,616,329 0.21 2,457,759 93.94 2.33
Active-duty military 2,498,600 0.20 111,704 4.47 0.11

Ethnicity

The Han Chinese population had increased by 11.22% since the 1990 census, going from 91.96% of the population to 91.59%. The ethnic minority population had increased by 16.70% since the 1990 census, going from 8.04% of the population to 8.41%. The ethnic minority population grew at a higher rate than the Han population due to affirmative action under the one-child policy.

After Han, the second most populous ethnic group was the Zhuang, followed by the Manchus, each of which had more than 10 million people, and the Hui with 9,817,000 people. There were more than 8 million Miao, Uyghurs, and Tujia; 7,762,000 Yi; more than 5 million Mongols and Tibetans; more than 1 million but less than 3 million of each of nine ethnic groups including the Buyi, Dong, Koreans, and Kazakhs; more than 100,000 but less than 1 million of each of 17 ethnic groups including the She, Lisu, and Kyrgyz; and more than 10,000 but less than 100,000 of each of 13 ethnic groups including the Blang and Tajiks. Seven other ethnic groups, including the Moinba, Oroqen, and Drung, had a population of less than 10,000 each; among them, the Tatars, Hezhe, indigenous Taiwanese, and Lhoba had less than 50,000 each. The least populous ethnic group was the Lhoba, with only 2,965 people. There were 734,438 people belonging to unrecognized ethnic groups, including 710,486 in Guizhou (96.74% of the total), 7,404 in Yunnan (1.01%), and more than 1,000 in each of Tibet, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangsu.

Ethnicities on the Fifth National Census

Ethnicity
 Population
 As a percentage of
total population
 31 administrative
regions
 Active-duty soldiers[note 3][2]
Total 1,245,110,826 100 1,242,612,226 2,498,600
1 Han 1,139,773,008 91.59 1,137,386,112 2,386,896
2 Zhuang 16,187,163 1.30 16,178,811 8,352
3 Manchu 10,708,464 0.86 10,682,262 26,202
4 Hui 9,828,126 0.79 9,816,805 11,321
5 Miao 8,945,538 0.72 8,940,116 5,422
6 Uyghur 8,405,416 0.68 8,399,393 6,023
7 Tujia 8,037,014 0.65 8,028,133 8,881
8 Yi 7,765,858 0.62 7,762,272 3,586
9 Mongol 5,827,808 0.47 5,813,947 13,861
10 Tibetan 5,422,954 0.44 5,416,021 6,933
11 Buyi 2,973,217 0.24 2,971,460 1,757
12 Dong 2,962,911 0.24 2,960,293 2,618
13 Yao 2,638,878 0.21 2,637,421 1,457
14 Korean 1,929,696 0.16 1,923,842 5,854
15 Bai 1,861,895 0.15 1,858,063 3,832
16 Hani 1,440,029 0.12 1,439,673 356
17 Kazakh 1,251,023 0.10 1,250,458 565
18 Li 1,248,022 0.10 1,247,814 208
19 Dai 1,159,231 0.093 1,158,989 242
20 She 710,039 0.057 709,592 447
21 Lisu 635,101 0.051 634,912 189
22 Gelao 579,744 0.047 579,357 387
23 Dongxiang 513,826 0.041 513,805 21
24 Lahu 453,765 0.036 453,705 60
25 Shui 407,000 0.033 406,902 98
26 Wa 396,709 0.032 396,610 99
27 Naxi 309,477 0.025 308,839 638
28 Qiang 306,476 0.025 306,072 404
29 Tu 241,593 0.019 241,198 395
30 Mulao 207,464 0.017 207,352 112
31 Sibe 189,357 0.015 188,824 533
32 Kyrgyz 160,875 0.013 160,823 52
33 Daur 132,747 0.011 132,394 353
34 Jingpo 132,158 0.011 132,143 15
35 Maonan 107,184 0.0086 107,166 18
36 Salar 104,521 0.0084 104,503 18
37 Blang 91,891 0.0074 91,882 9
38 Tajik 41,056 0.0033 41,028 28
39 Achang 33,954 0.0027 33,936 18
40 Pumi 33,628 0.0027 33,600 28
41 Evenk 30,545 0.0025 30,505 40
42 Nu 28,770 0.0023 28,759 11
43 Vietnamese (Jing) 22,584 0.0018 22,517 67
44 Jino 20,899 0.0017 20,899
45 De'ang 17,935 0.0014 17,935
46 Bonan 16,505 0.0013 16,505
47 Russian 15,631 0.0013 15,609 22
48 Yugur 13,747 0.0011 13,719 28
49 Uzbek 12,423 0.0010 12,370 53
50 Moinba 8,928 0.0007 8,923 5
51 Oroqen 8,216 0.0007 8,196 20
52 Drung 7,431 0.0006 7,426 5
53 Tatar 4,895 0.0004 4,890 5
54 Hezhe 4,664 0.0004 4,640 24
55 Indigenous Taiwanese (Gaoshan) 4,488 0.0004 4,461 27
56 Lhoba 2,970 0.0002 2,965 5
Unrecognized ethnic groups 734,438 0.0590 734,438
Naturalized Chinese citizens 941 0.0001 941

Key indices

Population growth

The population had increased by 132,150,000 (11.66%) over the population of 1,133,680,000 from the Fourth National Census on 1 July 1990. The average rate of population growth per year was 1.07%.

Households

There were 348,370,000 households, with 1,198,390,000 people. The average household size was 3.44 people, a decrease of 0.52 from the 1990 average household size of 3.96.

Sex

There were 653,550,000 males (51.63% of the population) and 612,280,000 females (48.37%). The sex ratio was 106.74 men for every 100 women.

Age

There were 289,790,000 children aged 0-14, representing 22.89% of the population; 887,930,000 people aged 15–64, representing 70.15% of the population; and 88,110,000 people aged 65 and older, representing 6.96% of the population. The proportion of people 14 and under had decreased by 4.8% since the 1990 census, and the proportion of people 65 and over had increased by 1.39%.

Educational attainment

Among the population, 45,710,000 people had attended higher education; 141,090,000 people had attended high school (including vocational high school); 429,890,000 had attended middle school; and 451,910,000 had attended elementary school. (These figures include people who completed the level of education indicated, people who failed to complete it, and current students.)

In comparison with the 1990 census, the following changes happened (per 100,000 people):

  • People with higher education increased from 1,422 to 3,611.
  • People with high school education increased from 8,039 to 11,146.
  • People with middle school education increased from 23,344 to 33,961.
  • People with only elementary school education decreased from 37,057 to 35,701.

The illiteracy rate (people age 15 and above who are unable to read or can only read very little) was 85,070,000 people. The illiteracy rate had decreased from 15.88% in 1990 to 6.72% in 2000, a decrease of 9.16 percentage points.

Educational attainment (age 15+)
Level of education 2000 census
Population  %
None 84,297,682 8.8
Literacy class (扫盲班) 20,767,294 2.2
Elementary school (小学) 291,102,294 30.4
Middle school (初中) 380,276,707 39.7
High school (高中) 98,548,414 10.3
Vocational secondary school (中专) 39,073,590 4.1
Vocational college (专科) 28,984,109 3.0
Bachelor's degree (本科) 14,150,609 1.5
Graduate school (研究生) 883,933 0.1
Total958,084,632
Illiteracy rate 86,992,069 9.1

Urban and rural population

The urban population was 455,940,000 (36.09%), and the rural population was 807,390,000 (63.91%). The urban population had increased by 9.86% since 1990.

Analysis

The 2000 census counted people according to their hukou rather than their location of actual residence. Experts believe that it may have underestimated the proportion of the population living in urban areas.[3]

See also

Notes
  1. This figure includes the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and others administered by the Republic of China, as well as the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. However, the population of the area administered by India as part of Arunachal Pradesh but claimed by China as South Tibet was not mentioned in the official report.
  2. These seven topics were only calculated for the 31 province-level divisions of mainland China and for active-duty soldiers. (Number of households and urban/rural population do not include active-duty soldiers.)
  3. Active-duty soldiers of the People's Liberation Army.

References
  1. "Communiqué on Major Figures of the 2000 Population Census (No. 1)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2002-04-23. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  2. "第五次人口普查数据(2000年)数据库". Archived from the original on 2010-04-01.
  3. "China census could be first to record true population". the Guardian. 1 November 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
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