61st Venice International Film Festival
The 61st annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 1 and 11 September 2004. The festival opened with Steven Spielberg's The Terminal,[1] and closed with Katsuhiro Otomo's Steamboy.[2] The Golden Lion was awarded to Vera Drake, directed by Mike Leigh.[3][4]
Opening film | The Terminal by Steven Spielberg |
---|---|
Closing film | Steamboy by Katsuhiro Otomo |
Location | Venice, Italy |
Founded | 1932 |
Awards | Golden Lion: Vera Drake |
Festival date | 1–11 September 2004 |
Website | Website |
On this edition, a new independent section, Venice Days (Giornate degli autori), was created "for free cinema, new talents and new stories". This section is organized by the ANAC (National Association of Cinematographic Authors) and the API (Independent Authors & Producers).[5]
Also in this edition, The Secret History of Italian Cinema was launched, a new official retrospective section, with the aim of restoring and systematically rediscovering sides of the Italian cinema that have been "forgotten, invisible, unknown or misunderstood". The retrospective was planned for the following four editions (61th to 64th editions), later was extended with the These Phantoms: Italian Cinema Rediscovered (65th edition), and the Italian Comedy Retrospective (66th edition). The Fondazione Prada was the main sponsor/partner of this section.[6]
Juries
The following people comprised the 2004 juries:[7][8]
Main Competition (Venezia 61)
- John Boorman, British filmmaker - Jury President
- Wolfgang Becker, German filmmaker
- Mimmo Calopresti, Italian director
- Scarlett Johansson, American actress
- Spike Lee, American filmmaker, actor and producer
- Dusan Makavejev, Serbian filmmaker
- Helen Mirren, British actress
- Pietro Scalia, Italian editor
- Hsu Feng, Taiwanese actress and producer
Horizons (Orizzonti)
- Nicolas Philibert, French director - Jury President
- Brian Helgeland, American director
- Fiorella Infascelli, Italian director
Venezia Cinema Digitale
- Mike Figgis, British filmmaker and composer - Jury President
- Shozo Ichiyama, Japanese
- Claire Simon, Moroccan-French
Official Sections
In Competition
The main competitive section of the official selection is an international competition of feature films running for the Golden Lion.[9]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
3-Iron | 빈집 | Kim Ki-duk | South Korea, Japan |
5x2 | Cinq fois deux | François Ozon | France |
Another Life | Ovunque sei | Michele Placido | Italy |
Birth | Jonathan Glazer | United States | |
Café Lumière | 珈琲時光 | Hou Hsiao-hsien | Japan, Taiwan |
Delivery | Nikos Panayotopoulos | Greece | |
Howl's Moving Castle | ハウルの動く城 | Hayao Miyazaki | Japan |
The Intruder | L'intrus | Claire Denis | France |
The Keys to the House | Le chiavi di casa | Gianni Amelio | Italy, France, Germany |
Kings and Queen | Rois et reine | Arnaud Desplechin | France |
Land of Plenty | Wim Wenders | United States | |
Low Life | 하류인생 | Im Kwon-taek | South Korea |
One Long Winter Without Fire † | Tout un hiver sans feu | Greg Zglinski | Switzerland |
Palindromes | Todd Solondz | United States | |
Promised Land | הארץ המובטחת | Amos Gitai | Israel, France |
Remote Access | Удалённый доступ | Svetlana Proskurina | Russia |
The Sea Inside | Mar adentro | Alejandro Amenábar | Spain, France, Italy |
Stray Dogs | Sag-haye velgard | Marzieh Meshkini | Iran, France, Afghanistan |
Vanity Fair | Mira Nair | United Kingdom, United States | |
Vera Drake | Mike Leigh | United Kingdom | |
Working Slowly (Radio Alice) | Lavorare con lentezza | Guido Chiesa | Italy |
The World | 世界 | Jia Zhangke | China |
- Highlighted title indicates the Golden Lion winner.
- † indicates films that competed for the Lion of the Future.[10]
Out of Competition
The following films of the official selection were screened as "out of competition":[11]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
The Bridesmaid | La demoiselle d'honneur | Claude Chabrol | France, Italy, Germany |
Collateral | Michael Mann | United States | |
Eros | Michelangelo Antonioni, Steven Soderbergh, Wong Kar-wai | France, Hong Kong, Italy, United States | |
The Fifth Empire | O quinto imperio | Manoel de Oliveira | Portugal, France |
Finding Neverland | Marc Forster | United States | |
How We Got the Italian Movie Business Into Trouble: The True Story of Franco and Ciccio | Come inguaiammo il cinema italiano | Daniele Ciprì, Franco Maresco | Italy |
An Italian Romance | L'amore ritrovato | Carlo Mazzacurati | |
The Manchurian Candidate | Jonathan Demme | United States | |
The Merchant of Venice | Michael Radford | United Kingdom, Italy | |
The Remains of Nothing | Il resto di niente | Antonietta De Lillo | Italy |
She Hate Me | Spike Lee | United States | |
Steamboy (closing film) | スチームボーイ | Katsuhiro Otomo | Japan |
The Terminal (opening film) | Steven Spielberg | United States | |
Throw Down | 柔道龍虎榜 | Johnnie To | Hong Kong |
The Tuner | Настройщик | Kira Muratova | Russia, Ukraine |
Special Event | |||
Shark Tale | Victoria Jenson, Bibo Bergeron | United States |
Horizons (Orizzonti)
A section aiming to provide a picture of the new trends in cinema.[12]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
In Competition | |||
The 3 Rooms of Melancholia | Melancholian 3 huonetta | Pirjo Honkasalo | Finland, Sweden, Denmark |
Agnes and His Brothers | Agnes und seine Brüder | Oskar Roehler | Germany |
Ambasadori, cautam patrie | Mircea Daneliuc | Romania | |
Criminal † | Gregory Jacobs | United States | |
Gilles' Wife | La femme de Gilles | Frédéric Fonteyne | Belgium, France, Luxembourg |
The Grand Sons | Les petits fils | Ilan Duran Cohen | France |
I Can See It in Your Eyes † | Te lo leggo negli occhi | Valia Santella | Italy |
Izo | Takashi Miike | Japan | |
A Less Bad World | Un mundo menos peor | Alejandro Agresti | Argentina |
A Love Song for Bobby Long † | Shainee Gabel | United States | |
Mysterious Skin | Gregg Araki | United States, Netherlands | |
Rolling Family | Familia rodante | Pablo Trapero | Argentina, Spain |
Saimir † | Francesco Munzi | Italy | |
The Sleeping Child † | L'enfant endormi | Yasmine Kassari | Morocco, Belgium |
Stryker | Noam Gonick | Canada | |
They Came Back † | Les revenants | Robin Campillo | France |
Vento di terra | Vincenzo Marra | Italy | |
Vital | ヴィタール | Shinya Tsukamoto | Japan |
Yesterday | Darrell Roodt | South Africa | |
Zulu Love Letter | Lettre d'amour zoulou | Ramadan Suleman | South Africa, France, Germany |
Special Events | |||
L’ami y’a bon | Rachid Bouchareb | France, Algeria, Germany | |
Come Back, Africa (1959) | Lionel Rogosin | United States | |
The Hamburg Cell | Antonia Bird | United Kingdom | |
Heimat 3: A Chronicle of Endings and Beginning (6 episodes) | Heimat 3 - Chronik einer Zeitenwende | Edgar Reitz | Germany |
Música cubana | German Kral | ||
Tell Them Who You Are | Mark S. Wexler | United States | |
Tide Table | William Kentridge | South Africa |
- Highlighted title indicates the Horizons Awards for Best Film.
- † indicates films that competed for the Lion of the Future.[10]
Short Film Competition (Corto Cortissimo)
The following films, whose length does not exceed 30 minutes, were selected for the Short Film Competition (Corto Cortissimo):[13]
Title | Director(s | Production country |
---|---|---|
In competition | ||
A occhi aperti | Lorenza Indovina | Italy |
Agna niata | Ektoras Lyghizos | Greece |
Aïsha | Newton I. Aduaka | Nigeria, Senegal |
The Arsonist | Myles Sorensen | United States |
The Carpenter and his Clumsy Wife | Peter Foott | Ireland |
Chamaco | Tim Parsa | Mexico |
Close | Tom Hopkins | Ireland |
La culpa del alpinista | Daniel Sánchez Arévalo | Spain |
Dim | Ann-Kristin Wecker | Germany |
Il dio della pioggia | Angelo Amoroso D'Aragona | Italy |
Goodbye | Steve Hudson | Germany |
Határontúl | Árpád Schilling | Hungary |
Last Night | Sean Mewshaw | United States |
Moustache | Vicki Sugars | Australia |
Passatempo | Francesco Lagi | Italy |
A piscina | Iana Joao Viana | Portugal |
Rain Is Falling | Holger Ernst | Germany, Morocco |
Resurrection | Mitchell Lichtenstein | United States |
Shengri | Bertrand Lee | Singapore |
Signe d'appartenance | Kamel Cherif | Belgium, Tunisia |
Silent Companion | Elham Hosseinzade | Iran |
Sous le bleu | David Oelhoffen | France |
Srce je kos Mesa (aka The Heart Is a Piece of Meat) | Jan Cvitkovic | Slovenia |
Streets | Jon Howe | United Kingdom |
Trofast | Trond Fausa Aurvaag | Norway |
White on Blue | Ramunas Greicius | Lithuania |
Out of Competition | ||
Coleridge's Couch | Angeles Woo | United States |
Special Events 1 - Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia: Scuola Nazionale di Cinema | ||
Il potere sottile | Diego Ronsisvalle | Italy |
Special Events - Ipotesi Cinema: Bologna | ||
Postazioni della memoria | Ermanno Olmi and the students of Ipotesi Cinema | Italy |
Special Events 2 - Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia: Scuola Nazionale di Cinema | ||
I gabbiani - studio su "Il gabbiano" di Anton Cecov | Francesca Archibugi | Italy |
Postazioni della memoria | Ermanno Olmi and the students of Ipotesi Cinema | |
Special Events 3 - Corto d'autore: Italia | ||
Too Short for Sky | Pappi Corsicato | Italy |
Body & Soul | Theo Eshetu | |
Corpo/Immagine | Marco Puccioni |
- Highlighted title indicates Lion for Best Short Film winner.
Venetian Nights
The following films were screened for the Venetian Nights section (Venezia Mezzanotte):[14]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
The Art of Losing | Perder es cuestión de método | Sergio Cabrera | Colombia, Spain |
Enduring Love | Roger Michell | United Kingdom | |
Eyes of Crystal | Occhi di cristallo | Eros Puglielli | Italy |
A Home at the End of the World † | Michael Mayer | United States | |
Howrah Bridge / The Youth of the Land | Yuva | Mani Ratnam | India |
Man on Fire | Tony Scott | United States | |
Puteri Gunung Ledang | Saw Teong Hin | Malaysia | |
Three... Extremes | 三更2 / 쓰리, 몬스터 / 美しい夜、残酷な朝 | Park Chan-Wook, Miike Takashi, Fruit Chan | Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan |
To Sleep Next To Her † | Volevo solo dormirle addosso | Eugenio Cappuccio | Italy |
Titanus's one hundredth year | |||
The Demon | Il demonio (1963) | Brunello Rondi | Italy |
- † indicates films that competed for the Lion of the Future.[10]
Venice Digital Cinema
A section intended to provide an overview of the new expressive possibilities granted by digital technologies.[15]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
20 Fingers † | 20 angosht | Mania Akbari | Iran, United Kingdom |
Impermanence | Goutam Ghose | India | |
The Tulse Luper Suitcases, Part 3: From Sark to the Finish | Peter Greenaway | United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Netherlands, Luxembourg | |
Cuoco contadino | Luca Guadagnino | Italy | |
Homecoming | Jon Jost | United States | |
Letters to Ali | Clara Law | Australia | |
La vita è breve ma la giornata è lunghissima | Lucio Pellegrini, Gianni Zanasi | Italy | |
Pin Boy | Parapalos | Ana Poliak | Argentina |
Un silenzio particolare | Stefano Rulli | Italy | |
Marebito | 稀人 | Takashi Shimizu | Japan |
Special Events | |||
L'ora della lucertola | Mimmo Calopresti | Italy | |
Bellissime | Giovanna Gagliardo | ||
Killer Shrimps † | Piero Golia | Switzerland | |
The Take | Avi Lewis | Canada | |
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children | ファイナルファンタジーVII アドベントチルドレン, | Tetsuya Nomura | Japan |
Embedded | Tim Robbins | United States | |
Colpi di Luce | Matteo Spinola, Stefano della Casa, Francesca Calvelli | Italy | |
Digital Africa | |||
Yizo Yizo | Angus Gibson, Andrew Dosunmu, Teboho Mahlatsi | South Africa |
- † indicates films that competed for the Lion of the Future.[10]
Retrospective - The Secret History of Italian Cinema 1
A new retrospective section on Italian Cinema aiming to restore and systematically rediscover sides of the Italian cinema That Have Been "Forgotten, Invisible, Unknown Or Misunderstood". This first edition of the retrospective is titled Italian Kings of the B's.[16]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
Italian Kings of the B's | |||
100 Horsemen (1961) | I cento cavalieri | Vittorio Cottafavi | Italy, Spain, West Germany |
The Beyond (1981) | ...E tu vivrai nel terrore! L'aldilà | Lucio Fulci | Italy |
The Big Gundown (1966) | La resa dei conti | Sergio Sollima | Italy, Spain |
Blindman (1972) | Il pistolero cieco | Ferdinando Baldi | Italy, United States |
The Boss (1973) | Il Boss | Fernando Di Leo | Italy |
A Bullet for the General (1967) | Quien sabe? | Damiano Damiani | |
Caliber 9 (1972) | Milano calibro 9 | Fernando Di Leo | |
Cannibal Holocaust (1979) | Ruggero Deodato | ||
Castle of Blood (1964) | Danza macabra | Antonio Margheriti | Italy, France |
Coup D'État (1969) | Colpo di stato | Luciano Salce | Italy |
Don't Torture a Duckling (1972) | Non si sevizia un paperino | Lucio Fulci | |
The Dynamite Brothers (1949) | I fratelli Dinamite | Nino and Toni Pagot | |
The God Snake (1970) | Il dio serpente | Piero Vivarelli | Italy, Venezuela |
Goliath and the Dragon (1960) | La vendetta di Ercole | Vittorio Cottafavi | Italy, France |
Col cuore in gola (1967) | Tinto Brass | ||
The Inglorious Bastards (1977) | Quel maledetto treno blindato | Enzo G. Castellari | Italy |
The Italian Connection (1972) | La mala ordina | Fernando Di Leo | Italy, West Germany |
Mister Scarface (1976) | I padroni della citta | ||
Naked Violence (1969) | I ragazzi del massacro | Italy | |
Orgasm (1969) | Orgasmo | Umberto Lenzi | Italy, France |
The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh (1970) | Lo strano vizio della Signora Wardh | Sergio Martino | Italy, Spain, Austria |
The Syndicate: A Death in the Family (1969) | Colpo rovente | Piero Zuffi | Italy |
Tragic Ceremony (1972) | Estratto dagli archivi segreti della polizia di una capitale europea | Riccardo Freda | Italy, Spain |
The Trojan Horse (1961) | La guerra di Troia | Giorgio Ferroni | Italy, France, Yugoslavia |
W la foca (1982) | Nando Cicero | Italy | |
Underground Italia - Shards of utopia | |||
La verifica incerta (1964) | Gianfranco Baruchello, Alberto Grifi | Italy | |
Transfert per kamera verso Virulentia (1975) | Alberto Grifi | ||
The Blind Fly (1966) | A mosca cieca | Romano Scavolini | |
Portrait of Gianfranco Barucchello | Ritratto di Gianfranco Barucchello | Paolo Brunatto | |
Portrait of Alberto Grifi | Ritratto di Alberto Grifi | ||
Portrait of Romano Scovolini | Ritratto di Romano Scovolini |
Independent Sections
Venice International Film Critics' Week
The following feature films were selected to be screened as In Competition for this section:[17]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
In Competition | |||
From Land of Silence | Sakenine Sarzamine Sokoot | Saman Salur | Iran |
The Great Journey | Le Grand Voyage | Ismaël Ferroukhi | France |
Les liens | Aymeric Mesa-Juan | France | |
One or the Other | Una de dos | Alejo Hernán Taube | Argentina |
Otakus in Love | 恋の門 | Suzuki Matsuo | Japan |
To Take a Wife | Ve Lakachta Lecha Isha | Ronit Elkabetz, Shlomi Elkabetz | Israel, France |
Uninhibited | Kuang Fang | Leste Chen | Taiwan |
Out of Competition | |||
P.S. (opening film) | Dylan Kidd | United States | |
Butterfly | Hu die | Yan Yan Mak | China |
The Love (Part One) | El Amor (Primera Parte) | Alejandro Fadel, Martin Mauregui, Santiago Mitre, Juan Schnitman | Argentina |
Venice Days
The following films were selected for the 1st edition of Venice Days (Giornate Degli Autori) autonomous section:[18]
English title | Original title | Director(s) | Production country |
---|---|---|---|
4 | Ilya Khrzhanovsky | Russia, Netherlands | |
Caro Vittorio | Marco Risi | Italy | |
Changing Destiny | Nemmeno il destino | Daniele Gaglianone | |
Darwin's Nightmare | Hubert Sauper | Austria, Belgium, France, Germany | |
Dead Man's Shoes | Shane Meadows | United Kingdom | |
Il giorno del falco | Rodolfo Bisatti | Italy | |
L'imperatore di Roma | Nico D'Alessandria | ||
In Kurdistan e' difficile | Giuliana Gamba | ||
Morasseix | Damien Odoul | France | |
Murmuring Coast | A costa dos murmúrios | Margarida Cardoso | Portugal |
Now and Then | L'oeil de l'autre | John Lvoff | France |
Strings | Anders Rønnow Klarlund | Denmark, Sweden, Norway, United Kingdom | |
Suburbs | Predmestje | Vinko Möderndorfer | Slovenia |
Sweet Jam | Confituur | Lieven Debrauwer | Belgium, Switzerland |
Tartarughe sul dorso | Stefano Pasetto | Italy |
Official Awards
The following Official Awards were conferred at the 61st edition:[19]
In Competition (Venezia 61)
- Golden Lion: Vera Drake by Mike Leigh
- Silver Lion for Best Director: 3-Iron by Kim Ki-duk
- Grand Jury Prize: The Sea Inside by Alejandro Amenábar
- Volpi Cup for Best Actor: Javier Bardem for The Sea Inside
- Volpi Cup for Best Actress: Imelda Staunton for Vera Drake
- Marcello Mastroianni Award: Tommaso Ramenghi and Marco Luisi for Lavorare con lentezza
- Golden Osella: Studio Ghibli for Howl's Moving Castle
Horizons (Orizzonti)
- Best Film: Les petits fils by Ilan Duran Cohen
- Special mention: Vento di terra by Vincenzo Marra
Digital Cinema Award
- 20 Fingers by Mania Akbari
- Special Mention: La vita è breve ma la giornata è lunghissima by Gianni Zanasi and Lucio Pellegrini
Short Film Competition (Corto Cortissimo)
- Citroen Short Super-Short Lion for Best Short Film: Signe d'appartenence by Kamel Cherif
- Special mention: The Carpenter and His Clumsy Wife by Peter Foot
- UIP Prize for Best European Short Film: Goodbye by Steve Hudson
"Luigi de Laurentis" Award For A Debut Film (Lion of the Future)
- Le Grand Voyage by Ismaël Ferroukhi and Humbert Balsan
- Special Mention: Saimir by Francesco Munzi
Independents Awards
The following collateral awards were conferred to films of the official selection:[20]
Venice International Film Critics' Week
- Audience Award:To Take a Wife by Ronit Elkabetz and Shlomi Elkabetz
FIPRESCI Prize
- Competition: 3-Iron by Kim Ki-duk
- Parallel Sections: Vento di terra by Vincenzo Marra
SIGNS Award
- One Long Winter Without Fire by Greg Zglinski
- Honorable Mention: 3-Iron by Kim Ki-duk
C.I.C.A.E. Award
UNICEF Award
UNESCO Award
Pasinetti Award
- Best Film: The Keys to the House by Gianni Amelio
- Best Actor: Kim Rossi Stuart for The Keys to the House
- Best Actress: Valeria Bruni Tedeschi for 5x2
Isvema Award
FEDIC Award
- To Sleep Next To Her by Eugenio Cappuccio
Little Golden Lion
- 3-Iron by Kim Ki-duk
Venice Days - Label Europa Cinemas
Young Cinema Award
- Best Italian Film: Nemmeno il destino by Daniele Gaglianone
- Best Digital Film: Un silenzio particolare by Stefano Rulli
- Best International Film: The Sea Inside by Alejandro Amenábar
"Lino Miccichè" First Feature Award
- Nemmeno il destino by Daniele Gaglianone
Open Prize
- Strays Dogs by Marzieh Makhmalbaf
Lina Mangiacapre Award
Future Film Festival Digital Award
Laterna Magica Prize
Sergio Trasatti Award
CinemAvvenire Award
- Best Film: The Keys to the House by Gianni Amelio
- Best First Film: One Long Winter Without Fire by Greg Zglinski
- Cinema for Peace Award: Promised Land by Amos Gitai
Award of the City of Rome
- Best Film: A Less Bad World by Alejandro Agresti
International Peace Award
- Best Film: Jeruzalemski sindrom by Jakov Sedlar
Human Rights Film Network Award
EIUC Award
- Yesterday by Darrell Roodt
- Special Mention: The 3 Rooms of Melancholia by Pirjo Honkasalo
Special Director's Award
- 3-Iron by Kim Ki-duk
Special Pasinetti Award
- Vento di terra by Vincenzo Marra (For an innovative film)
References
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- "61st Venice Film Festival - Wednesday, September 11, 2004". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "Venice – 2004 Ecco il Leone". Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- "The 2000s". 19 April 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- "Line-up of the 61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "Fondazione Prada is the partner of "The Secret History of Italian Cinema" at the 61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 6 September 2004. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- "The international juries of the 61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 14 September 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- "Juries for the 2000s". Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- "61st VFF - Feature films competing for the Lion of the Future". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Out of Competition". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Orizzonti". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 25 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Corto Cortissimo". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Venezia Mezzanotte". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Venezia Cinema Digitale". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- "61st Venice Film Festival - Italian Kings of the B's". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- "19th International Film Critics' Week". sicvenezia.it. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- "Venice Days - Giornate degli Autore 1st edition". venice-days.it. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- "Official Awards of the 61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 15 September 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- "Collateral Awards of the 61st Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 16 September 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2018.