2005 Basque regional election
The 2005 Basque regional election was held on Sunday, 17 April 2005, to elect the 8th Parliament of the Basque Autonomous Community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
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All 75 seats in the Basque Parliament 38 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 1,799,523  0.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 1,223,634 (68.0%)11.0 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Constituency results map for the Basque Parliament | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The electoral coalition Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNV–EA) won 29 seats, the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE) came second with 18 seats, the People's Party (PP) came in third with 15 seats. The controversial Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK) won 9 seats, having been endorsed by the banned Batasuna party.
Overview
Electoral system
The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.[1]
Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Guipúzcoa, being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats each to provide for an equal representation of the three provinces in parliament as required under the regional statute of autonomy.[1][2] This meant that Álava was allocated the same number of seats as Biscay and Gipuzkoa, despite their populations being, as of 1 January 2005: 298,830, 1,132,163 and 684,269, respectively.[3]
The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[4]
Election date
The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 13 May 2001, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 13 May 2005. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 19 April 2005, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 12 June 2005.[1][2]
The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.[5]
Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2][6]
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Parties and alliances |
Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | Gov. | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | ||||||||
| PNV–EA | List
|
.jpg.webp) |
Juan José Ibarretxe | Basque nationalism Christian democracy Conservative liberalism |
42.38% | 33 |  |
||
| PP | List
|
 |
María San Gil | Conservatism Christian democracy |
22.93% | 19 |  |
[7] [8] [9] | |
| PSE–EE (PSOE) |
List
|
.jpg.webp) |
Patxi López | Social democracy | 17.76% | 13 | |
[10] [11] | |
| PCTV/EHAK | List
|
 |
Maite Aranburu | Basque independence Abertzale left Communism |
10.04%[lower-alpha 1] | 7 | |
||
| EB–B | List
|
.jpg.webp) |
Javier Madrazo | Eco-socialism Social democracy Democratic socialism |
5.53%[lower-alpha 2] | 3 | |
||
| UA | List
|
|
Enriqueta Benito | Alavese regionalism Christian democracy |
New party[lower-alpha 3] | |
|||
| Aralar | List
|
.jpg.webp) |
Aintzane Ezenarro | Basque independence Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism |
New party | |
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Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.
- Color key:
Exit poll
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | PNV | _Logo_(2000-2007).svg.png.webp){kind=logo} |
 |
  |
 |
.svg.png.webp){kind=logo} |
 |
 |
 |
Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 regional election | 17 Apr 2005 | — | 68.0 | 38.4 29 |
17.3 15 |
22.5 18 |
– | 5.3 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.3 0 |
2.3 1 |
12.4 9 |
15.9 |
| TNS Demoscopia/Antena 3[lower-roman 1][p 1][p 2] | 17 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | ? 28/30 |
? 14/15 |
? 18 |
– | ? 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | ? 1 |
? 9/10 |
? |
| Ipsos–Eco/EiTB[lower-roman 1][p 3][p 4] | 17 Apr 2005 | 65,000 | ? | ? 29/31 |
? 13/14 |
? 18 |
– | ? 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | ? 1 |
? 9/10 |
? |
| Ipsos–Eco/RTVE[p 1][p 3][p 5] | 17 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 40.3 30/33 |
16.2 13/15 |
22.5 18/19 |
– | 6.0 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 2.3 0/1 |
11.0 7/8 |
17.8 |
| TNS Demoscopia/Antena 3[p 1][p 3][p 5] | 17 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 39.9 31/33 |
18.0 14/16 |
18.2 15/17 |
– | 6.1 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.1 1 |
11.3 7/8 |
21.7 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 3][p 5] | 17 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 42.0 31/33 |
16.0 14/15 |
21.5 17/18 |
– | ? 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | ? 0/1 |
7.0 5/6 |
20.5 |
| Opina/El País[p 6][p 7] | 10 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 42.7 34/35 |
15.1 14/15 |
21.6 18/19 |
– | 7.6 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 2.3 1 |
4.3 2/4 |
21.1 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 8][p 9] | 10 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 42.7 34 |
15.1 13/14 |
21.6 18/19 |
(3.4) | 7.6 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 2.3 1 |
4.3 2/3 |
21.1 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 10][p 11] | 9 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 44.3 35/36 |
14.5 13 |
23.2 18/20 |
(2.9) | 6.6 4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 2.6 1 |
3.7 2/3 |
21.1 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 12] | 8 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 45.7 38/39 |
14.5 13 |
23.5 19/20 |
(3.3) | 6.3 4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 1.9 0 |
2.7 0 |
22.2 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 12] | 7 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 43.5 37/38 |
15.6 13 |
24.5 20/21 |
(3.3) | 6.4 4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.2 0 |
1.6 0 |
2.5 0 |
22.2 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 13][p 14] | 5–7 Apr 2005 | 1,000 | ? | 45.6 35/37 |
18.3 15/16 |
20.8 15/18 |
– | 5.5 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 1.9 0/1 |
6.6 4 |
24.8 |
| Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 15] | 4–7 Apr 2005 | 900 | ? | 46.5 34/36 |
19.7 16 |
23.2 19 |
– | 6.9 3/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | ? 0/1 |
? 0/1 |
– | 23.3 |
| ? | 42.9 32/34 |
18.2 15 |
21.4 17/19 |
– | 6.4 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.6 0/1 |
2.1 0/1 |
8.4 5 |
21.5 | |||
| Ikertalde/GPS[p 16][p 17] | 1–7 Apr 2005 | 2,002 | 72.5 | 42.7 34 |
15.8 13 |
21.3 18 |
– | 6.7 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.2 0 |
2.6 1 |
9.7 6 |
21.4 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 18][p 19] | 6 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 45.7 37/39 |
15.4 13 |
21.4 19/20 |
(4.6) | 6.8 5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.2 0 |
2.0 0 |
1.2 0 |
24.3 |
| LKS/Diario de Noticias[p 20] | 30 Mar–6 Apr 2005 | 1,500 | 75 | ? 33/35 |
? 16/17 |
? 15/17 |
– | ? 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | ? 0/1 |
? 5 |
? |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 21] | 5 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 45.5 36/38 |
15.3 13 |
20.6 18/20 |
(6.4) | 6.7 5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.2 0 |
2.3 1 |
0.2 0 |
24.9 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 21] | 4 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 45.5 37/39 |
16.0 12 |
21.5 19/20 |
– | 6.5 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.5 1 |
– | 24.0 |
| CIS[p 22][p 23][p 24] | 29 Mar–4 Apr 2005 | 1,495 | ? | 42.5 34/35 |
17.8 16/17 |
22.2 19 |
– | 6.2 4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 2.7 1 |
– | 20.3 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 21] | 3 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 45.0 38/40 |
16.0 12 |
21.5 18/19 |
– | 7.0 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.5 1 |
– | 23.5 |
| Bergareche/Vocento[p 25][p 26] | 1–3 Apr 2005 | 3,100 | ? | 40.4 32/35 |
20.8 16/19 |
18.3 15/17 |
(6.9) | 7.4 4/6 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.3 0 |
3.7 1/2 |
– | 19.6 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 21][p 27] | 1 Apr 2005 | ? | ? | 44.8 38/39 |
16.0 12 |
21.0 19 |
– | 7.0 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.5 0/1 |
– | 23.8 |
| Celeste-Tel/La Razón[p 28] | 29 Mar–1 Apr 2005 | 801 | ? | 42.9 34/37 |
18.9 15/18 |
22.9 18/21 |
– | 6.0 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 1.6 1 |
– | 20.0 |
| Opina/Cadena SER[p 21][p 29] | 31 Mar 2005 | ? | ? | 44.8 38/39 |
16.6 13/14 |
20.6 17/18 |
– | 7.0 4/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.5 0/1 |
– | 24.2 |
| CIS[p 30][p 31][p 32] | 22 Feb–16 Mar 2005 | 1,499 | ? | 42.8 35/37 |
19.1 17 |
22.2 18/19 |
– | 6.2 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.5 0 |
1.2 0 |
– | 20.6 |
| PSE[p 33] | 1–11 Mar 2005 | ? | ? | 41.2 33/35 |
? 15/16 |
23.7 21/22 |
– | ? 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | ? 1 |
– | 17.5 |
| Bergareche/Vocento[p 34] | 1–8 Mar 2005 | 3,100 | ? | 43.3 35/36 |
19.9 16/18 |
20.4 17/20 |
(5.3) | 6.2 3/5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.2 1/3 |
– | 22.9 |
| Opina/El País[p 35] | 24–25 Feb 2005 | 1,500 | ? | 45.5 36/37 |
19.5 17 |
22.0 18 |
– | 6.5 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | – | – | 23.5 |
| Ikertalde/GPS[p 36] | 18 Jan–2 Feb 2005 | 2,874 | 75.0 | 41.1 32 |
15.8 13 |
22.3 19 |
9.4 7 |
6.7 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.3 0 |
2.9 1 |
– | 18.8 |
| CPS/EHU[p 37][p 38][p 39] | 8–26 Nov 2004 | 1,200 | 76 | 42.4 33/35 |
18.1 15/16 |
23.6 21/22 |
– | 5.8 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | – | 3.1 1 |
– | 18.8 |
| 2004 EP election | 13 Jun 2004 | — | 44.6 | 35.3 26 |
21.0 17 |
28.2 24 |
– | 4.2 3 |
7.8 5 |
– | 1.3 0 |
– | 7.1 |
| CPS/EHU[p 40][p 41][p 42] | 3–28 May 2004 | 1,800 | 75 | 43.7 32/34 |
17.5 14/15 |
25.6 22/23 |
– | 6.1 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | 4.3 2 |
– | 18.1 |
| 2004 general election | 14 Mar 2004 | — | 75.0 | 33.7 25 |
18.9 16 |
27.2 22 |
– | 8.2 6 |
6.5 5 |
– | 3.1 1 |
– | 6.5 |
| CPS/EHU[p 43][p 44][p 45] | 3–21 Nov 2003 | 1,800 | 70 | 44.3 33 |
24.1 21 |
19.0 16/17 |
– | 6.7 3/4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | ? 1 |
– | 20.2 |
| 2003 foral elections | 25 May 2003 | — | 70.0 | 45.3 35 |
19.6 16 |
21.6 17 |
– | 8.1 5 |
[lower-alpha 4] | 0.6 1 |
3.2 1 |
– | 23.7 |
| 2003 local elections | 25 May 2003 | — | 69.9 | 43.9 | 18.7 | 22.1 | 0.9 | 8.0 | [lower-alpha 4] | 0.5 | 1.5 | – | 21.8 |
| CPS/EHU[p 40][p 46] | 1–20 Nov 2002 | 1,200 | ? | 42.1 31 |
21.3 18 |
19.0 16 |
9.3 6 |
6.7 4 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | – | – | 20.8 |
| CIS[p 47][p 48][p 49] | 9 Sep–9 Oct 2002 | 579 | 74.2 | 38.8 | 21.1 | 19.1 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | – | – | – | 17.7 |
| CPS/EHU[p 40] | 15–30 May 2001 | ? | ? | 43.6 33 |
20.8 19 |
18.0 14 |
9.8 6 |
6.3 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | – | – | 22.8 |
| CPS/EHU[p 40] | 2–21 Nov 2001 | ? | ? | 43.5 33 |
21.0 19 |
18.1 13 |
9.8 7 |
6.1 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | – | – | 22.5 |
| 2001 regional election | 13 May 2001 | — | 79.0 | 42.4 33 |
22.9 19 |
17.8 13 |
10.0 7 |
5.5 3 |
[lower-alpha 4] | [lower-alpha 5] | – | – | 19.5 |
Results
Overall
 | ||||||
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNV–EA) | 468,117 | 38.38 | –4.00 | 29 | –4 | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) | 274,546 | 22.51 | +4.75 | 18 | +5 | |
| People's Party (PP) | 210,614 | 17.27 | –5.66 | 15 | –4 | |
| Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK)1 | 150,644 | 12.35 | +2.31 | 9 | +2 | |
| United Left–Greens (EB–B)2 | 65,023 | 5.33 | –0.20 | 3 | ±0 | |
| Aralar (Aralar) | 28,180 | 2.31 | New | 1 | +1 | |
| Alavese Unity (UA) | 4,117 | 0.34 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Greens–Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (B–PACMA) | 4,049 | 0.33 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 2,354 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 1,514 | 0.12 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 | |
| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 1,261 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) | 179 | 0.01 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballots | 9,001 | 0.74 | –0.07 | |||
| Total | 1,219,599 | 75 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 1,219,599 | 99.67 | +0.10 | |||
| Invalid votes | 4,035 | 0.33 | –0.10 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 1,223,634 | 68.00 | –10.97 | |||
| Abstentions | 575,889 | 32.00 | +10.97 | |||
| Registered voters | 1,799,523 | |||||
| Sources[12][13] | ||||||
Footnotes:
| ||||||
Distribution by constituency
| Constituency | PNV–EA | PSE–EE | PP | EHAK | EB–B | Aralar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| Álava | 30.4 | 8 | 25.3 | 7 | 25.8 | 7 | 13.2 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 1.5 | – |
| Biscay | 40.7 | 11 | 23.2 | 6 | 17.5 | 5 | 10.0 | 2 | 5.5 | 1 | 1.6 | – |
| Guipúzcoa | 38.0 | 10 | 20.1 | 5 | 13.2 | 3 | 18.1 | 5 | 5.2 | 1 | 3.9 | 1 |
| Total | 38.4 | 29 | 22.5 | 18 | 17.3 | 15 | 12.4 | 9 | 5.3 | 3 | 2.3 | 1 |
| Sources[12][13] | ||||||||||||
Aftermath
| Investiture | |||||
| Ballot → | 22 June 2005[lower-alpha 6] | 23 June 2005[lower-alpha 6] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 38 out of 75 | Simple | |||
34 / 75 |
|
34 / 75 |
| ||
33 / 75 |
|
33 / 75 |
| ||
Blank ballots
|
1 / 75 |
1 / 75 | |||
| Absentees | 0 / 75 |
0 / 75 | |||
| Sources[12] | |||||
Notes
References
- Opinion poll sources
- "SONDEOS Y MUESTREOS: Baja el PNV, sube ETA y el PSE se coloca como segunda fuerza". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
- "La jornada electoral, al minuto". El Mundo (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
- "Ibarretxe gana las elecciones pero no logra una mayoría clara para llevar adelante su plan". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
- "El PSOE y el PP se consolidan por delante del tripartito". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 17 April 2005. Archived from the original on 18 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "PNV-EA ganaría elecciones vascas sin mayoría absoluta-sondeos". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
- "La irrupción del voto radical dificulta la mayoría absoluta del tripartito vasco". El País (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "El voto a los radicales de EHAK pone en peligro la mayoría absoluta del actual Gobierno vasco". El País (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "El PNV afronta la recta final de la campaña a cuatro escaños de la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 11 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 11/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "El Partido Comunista de las Tierras Vascas, heredero del voto de Batasuna, aleja al PNV de la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 10/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 10 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 09/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 9 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "El tripartito obtendrá mayoría absoluta en las elecciones vascas y el PCTV logrará cuatro escaños". El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto en el País Vasco". El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "El PNV repite victoria pero apenas avanza". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "Elecciones Autonómicas 2005. Previsiones de voto (Abril 2005)" (PDF). Eusko Jaurlaritza (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
- "Vitoria tampoco da mayoría a PNV-EA". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 April 2005.
- "Ibarretxe asegura que "el clamor de la sociedad vasca" forzará la negociación entre Euskadi y Madrid". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 7 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 07/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 7 April 2005. Archived from the original on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Dos sondeos quitan la mayoría absoluta al tripartito y otorgan entre cinco y seis escaños al PCTV". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 9 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 06/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2005 (Estudio nº 2598. Marzo-Abril 2005)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2598. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
- "PNV-EA ganaría pero necesitaría a EB para obtener la mayoría, según una encuesta del CIS". El Mundo (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
- "El tripartito PNV-EA-EB consolida su mayoría a la espera del "efecto EHAK"". ABC (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "Intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
- "Segundo Pulsómetro: PNV-EA sigue manteniendo la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 2 April 2005.
- "LA RAZÓN. 2005eko apirilak 3". Celeste-Tel (in Basque). 3 April 2005. Archived from the original on 19 June 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "La coalición PNV-EA lograría mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento Vasco". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 1 April 2005.
- "Situación política y social del País Vasco, XIV (Estudio nº 2593. Febrero-Marzo 2005)". CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 2005.
- "Estudio CIS nº 2593. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 2005.
- "El PNV roza la mayoría absoluta o se la asegura con IU, según el CIS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 March 2005.
- "La última encuesta socialista". ABC (in Spanish). 21 March 2005.
- "PNV-EA-EB alcanzan la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 20 March 2005.
- "El tripartito vasco alcanza la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 27 February 2005.
- "Elecciones Autonómicas 2005. Previsiones de voto (Febrero 2005)" (PDF). Eusko Jaurlaritza (in Spanish). February 2005.
- "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Noviembre 2004)". EHU (in Spanish). 20 January 2005. Archived from the original on 22 January 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "PNV-EA ganaría elecciones Euskadi, sin mayoría absoluta -sondeo". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 20 January 2005.
- "La coalición PNV-EA ganaría los comicios vascos sin mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 21 January 2005.
- "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Mayo 2004)". EHU (in Spanish). 16 July 2004. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "El Euskobarómetro no concede mayoría absoluta al tripartito vasco". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 16 July 2004.
- "El Gobierno tripartito vasco no lograría hoy la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 17 July 2004.
- "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Noviembre 2003)". EHU (in Spanish). 16 January 2004. Archived from the original on 18 February 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "La mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento vasco dependería del escaño que disputan PSE e IU". ABC (in Spanish). 17 January 2004.
- "El PNV y EA no consiguen mayoría absoluta, pese a la ausencia de Batasuna". El País (in Spanish). 17 January 2004.
- "Encuesta Euskobarómetro (Noviembre de 2002)". EHU (in Spanish). 20 November 2002. Archived from the original on 3 March 2003. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Instituciones y autonomías, II. CA del País Vasco (Estudio nº 2455. Septiembre-Octubre 2002)". CIS (in Spanish). 19 November 2002.
- "El PP, partido más votado en diez Comunidades Autónomas" (PDF). El Mundo (in Spanish). 19 November 2002.
- "El PP ganaría las autonómicas en diez Comunidades y el PSOE en cuatro, según el CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 20 November 2002.
- Other
- "Ley Orgánica 3/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para el País Vasco". Organic Law No. 3 of 18 December 1979 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Ley 5/1990, de 15 de junio, de Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco". Law No. 5 of 15 June 1990 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Series detalladas desde 2002. Resultados por Provincias. Población residente por fecha, sexo y edad". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- "Ley 7/1981, de 30 de junio, sobre Ley de Gobierno". Law No. 7 of 30 June 1981 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- "María San Gil liderará el PP en el País Vasco tras el congreso nacional". El Mundo (in Spanish). 25 June 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- "María San Gil será la candidata a 'lehendakari' por el PP para las próximas elecciones autonómicas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 25 June 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- "María San Gil, elegida presidenta del PP vasco con el 88% de los votos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 November 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- "Patxi López liderará a los socialistas vascos con un apoyo mayoritario del 57%". El País (in Spanish). 23 March 2002. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- "El hombre-talante vasco". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 March 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- "Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco / Eusko Legebilitzarra (1980 - 2020)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Election Results Archive". euskadi.eus (in Spanish). Basque Government. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
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