2005 United Kingdom general election

The 2005 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 5 May 2005, to elect 646 members to the House of Commons. The governing Labour Party, led by Tony Blair, won its third consecutive victory, with Blair becoming the second Labour leader after Harold Wilson to form three majority governments. However, its majority fell to 66 seats compared to the 167-seat majority it had won four years before. This was the first time the Labour Party had won a third consecutive election, and remains the party's most recent general election victory.

2005 United Kingdom general election

5 May 2005

All 646 seats to the House of Commons
324 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered44,245,939
Turnout61.4% (Increase2.0%)
  First party Second party Third party
  Tony Blair Michael Howard
Leader Tony Blair Michael Howard Charles Kennedy
Party Labour Conservative Liberal Democrats
Leader since 21 July 1994 6 November 2003 9 August 1999
Leader's seat Sedgefield Folkestone
and Hythe
Ross, Skye
and Lochaber
Last election 412 seats, 40.7% 166 seats, 31.7% 52 seats, 18.3%
Seats before 403 165 51
Seats won 355 198 62
Seat change Decrease 48* Increase 33* Increase 11*
Popular vote 9,552,436 8,784,915 5,985,454
Percentage 35.2% 32.6% 22.0%
Swing Decrease 5.5 pp Increase 0.7 pp Increase 3.7 pp

Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the main table of results.

* Indicates boundary change – so this is a notional figure

Figure does not include the Speaker, Michael Martin

Composition of the House of Commons after the election

Prime Minister before election

Tony Blair
Labour

Prime Minister after election

Tony Blair
Labour

The Labour campaign emphasised a strong economy; however, Blair had suffered a decline in popularity, which was exacerbated by the decision to send British troops to invade Iraq in 2003. Despite this, Labour mostly retained its leads over the Conservatives in opinion polls on economic competence and leadership, and Conservative leaders Iain Duncan Smith (2001–2003) and Michael Howard (2003–2005) struggled to capitalise on Blair's unpopularity, with the party consistently trailing behind Labour in the polls throughout the 2001–2005 parliament.[1]

The Conservatives campaigned on policies such as immigration limits, improving poorly managed hospitals, and reducing high crime rates. The Liberal Democrats, led by Charles Kennedy, were opposed to the Iraq War, given that there had been no second UN resolution,[2] and collected votes from disenchanted Labour voters.[3]

Tony Blair was returned as Prime Minister, with Labour having 355 MPs, but with a popular vote share of 35.2%, the smallest of any majority government in UK electoral history. In terms of votes, it was only narrowly ahead of the Conservatives, but still had a comfortable lead in terms of seats. The Conservatives returned 198 MPs, with 32 more seats than they had won at the previous general election, and won the popular vote in England, while still ending up with 91 fewer MPs in England than Labour. The Liberal Democrats saw their popular vote increase by 3.7% and won the most seats of any third party since 1923, with 62 MPs. Anti-war activist and former Labour MP George Galloway was elected as the MP for Bethnal Green and Bow under the Respect – The Unity Coalition banner, unseating Oona King; Richard Taylor was re-elected for Kidderminster Health Concern in Wyre Forest; and independent candidate Peter Law was elected in Blaenau Gwent.[4]

This would be to date the last general election to be held where the winning political party would win a majority of the seats that were contested in all of the constituent countries of Great Britain (ie England, Scotland and Wales) at the same time.

In Northern Ireland, the Ulster Unionist Party, the more moderate of the main unionist parties, which had dominated Northern Irish politics since the 1920s, was reduced from six MPs to one, with party leader David Trimble himself being unseated. The more hardline Democratic Unionist Party became the largest Northern Irish party, with nine MPs elected.

Notable MPs leaving the House of Commons at this election included UUP leader David Trimble, former SDLP leader John Hume, former Cabinet ministers Estelle Morris, Paul Boateng, Chris Smith, Gillian Shephard, Virginia Bottomley and Michael Portillo, the Father of the House of Commons Tam Dalyell, Tony Banks and Sir Teddy Taylor, while Stephen Twigg lost his seat in Enfield Southgate back to the Conservatives. A notable MP who joined the House of Commons at this election was future Labour leader Ed Miliband.

Following the election, Michael Howard conceded defeat, resigned as Conservative leader and was succeeded by future Prime Minister David Cameron. Blair resigned as both Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party in June 2007, and was replaced by then-Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown. The election results were broadcast live on the BBC and presented by Peter Snow, David Dimbleby, Tony King, Jeremy Paxman, and Andrew Marr.

Overview

The governing Labour Party, led by Tony Blair, was looking to secure a third consecutive term in office and to retain a large majority. The Conservative Party was seeking to regain seats lost to both Labour and the Liberal Democrats since the 1992 general election, and move from being the Official Opposition into government. The Liberal Democrats hoped to make gains from both main parties, but especially the Conservative Party, with a "decapitation" strategy targeting members of the Shadow Cabinet. The Lib Dems had also wished to become the governing party, or to make enough gains to become the Official Opposition, but more realistically hoped to play a major part in a parliament led by a minority Labour or Conservative government. In Northern Ireland the Democratic Unionist Party sought to make further gains from the Ulster Unionist Party in unionist politics, and Sinn Féin hoped to overtake the Social Democratic and Labour Party in nationalist politics. (Note that Sinn Féin MPs do not take their seats in the House of Commons—they follow a policy of abstentionism.) The pro-independence Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru (Party of Wales) stood candidates in every constituency in Scotland and Wales respectively.

Many seats were contested by other parties, including several parties without incumbents in the House of Commons. Parties that were not represented at Westminster, but had seats in the devolved assemblies and/or the European Parliament, included the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, the UK Independence Party, the Green Party of England and Wales, the Scottish Green Party, and the Scottish Socialist Party. The Health Concern party also stood again. A full list of parties which declared their intention to run can be found on the list of parties contesting the 2005 general election.

All parties campaigned using such tools as party manifestos, party political broadcasts and touring the country in what are commonly referred to as battle buses.

Local elections in parts of England and in Northern Ireland were held on the same day. The polls were open for fifteen hours, from 07:00 to 22:00 BST (UTC+1). The election came just over three weeks after the dissolution of Parliament on 11 April by Queen Elizabeth II, at the request of the Prime Minister, Tony Blair.

Campaign

Following the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April, it was announced that the calling of the election would be delayed until 5 April.[5]

Thanks to eight years of sustained economic growth Labour could point to a strong economy, with greater investment in public services such as education and health. This was overshadowed, however, by the issue of the controversial 2003 invasion of Iraq, which met widespread public criticism at the time, and would dog Blair throughout the campaign. The Chancellor, Gordon Brown, played a prominent role in the election campaign, frequently appearing with Blair and ensuring that the economy would remain the central focus of Labour's message.

Recently elected Conservative leader Michael Howard brought a great level of experience and stability to a party that had ousted its former leader Iain Duncan Smith[6] just 18 months prior. The Conservative campaign was managed by Australian strategist Lynton Crosby.[7] The campaign focused on more traditional conservative issues like immigration, which created some controversy with the slogan "It's not racist to impose limits on immigration".[8] They also criticised Labour's "dirty" hospitals and high crime levels, under the umbrella of the slogan "Are you thinking what we're thinking?"[9]

However, Labour counter-attacked, by emphasising Howard's role in the unpopular Major Government of 1992–1997, airing a party election broadcast attacking Howard, showing a montage of scenes from Howard's tenure as Home Secretary, including prison riots and home repossessions. It also launched a billboard campaign showing Howard, and the Conservative Party's four previous leaders (Iain Duncan Smith, William Hague, John Major and Margaret Thatcher), with the caption "Britain's working, don't let the Tories wreck it again."[10]

For the Liberal Democrats, this was the second and final election campaign fought by leader Charles Kennedy, who strongly opposed the Iraq War and personally offered a more down-to-earth approach to voters, which proved popular. There were some questions, however, over Kennedy's abilities when, at the Liberal Democrat manifesto launch, he was asked about local income tax, but appeared confused on the figures.[11] Both the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives were keen to tackle Labour's introduction of tuition fees, which both opposition parties opposed and promised to abolish.[12]

Ballot

Unofficial tellers, wearing party rosettes, sit outside polling stations collecting voter registration numbers

At the close of voting (2200 BST) the ballot boxes were sealed and returned to the counting centres, where counting proceeded under the supervision of the returning officer who was obliged to declare the result as soon as it was known. As previously, there was serious competition amongst constituencies to be first to declare. Sunderland South repeated its performance in the last three elections and declared Labour incumbent Chris Mullin re-elected as MP with a majority of 11,059 at approximately 2245 BST (failing by two minutes to beat its previous best, but making it eligible for entry into the Guinness Book of World Records as longest consecutive delivery of first results). The vote itself represented a swing (in a safe Labour seat, in a safe Labour region) of about 4% to the Conservatives and 4.5% to the Liberal Democrats, somewhat below the prediction of BBC/ITV exit polls published shortly after 2200 BST.

Sunderland North was the next to declare, followed by Houghton and Washington East, both of whose Labour MPs retained their seats but with reductions in the incumbent majorities of up to 9%. The first Scottish seat to declare was Rutherglen and Hamilton West — another safe Labour seat, also a Labour hold, but with the majority reduced by 4%. The first seat to change hands was Putney, where Labour's majority of 2,771 fell to a strong Conservative challenge, with a total swing of about 5,000 (6.2%). This was also the first seat to be declared for the Conservatives. The first Liberal Democrat seat to be declared was North East Fife, the constituency of Lib Dem deputy leader Sir Menzies Campbell which he had held since 1987.

The constituency of Crawley in West Sussex had the slimmest majority of any seat, with Labour's Laura Moffatt holding off the Conservatives' Henry Smith by 37 votes after three recounts.

Polling

Following problems with exit polls in previous British elections, the BBC and ITV agreed for the first time to pool their respective data, using results from Mori and NOP. More than 20,000 people were interviewed for the poll at 120 polling stations across the country. The predictions were very accurate—initial projections saw Labour returned to power with a majority of 66 (down from 160),[13] and the final result (including South Staffordshire, where the election was postponed due to the death of a candidate) was indeed a Labour majority of 66.

The projected shares of the vote in Great Britain were Labour 35% (down 6% on 2001), Conservatives 33% (up 1%), Liberal Democrats 22% (up 4%) and other parties 8% (up 1%).[13] The Conservatives were expected to make the biggest gains, however — 44 seats according to the exit poll — with the Liberal Democrats expected to take as few as two. Whilst the Lib Dems' vote share predicted by the exit poll was accurate (22.6% compared to the actual 22.0%), they did better in some Lib Dem-Labour marginals than predicted on the basis of the national share of the vote, and achieved a net gain of 11 seats.

2001 notional result

There were major boundary changes in Scotland, where the number of seats were reduced from 72 to 59. As a result of this each party lost some seats, and this notional election result below is based on the 2001 election results if they had been fought on these new 2005 boundaries.

2001 UK general election
Party Seats Gains Losses Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  Labour 403 2 8 -6 62.38 40.7 10,724,953
  Conservative 165 9 8 +1 25.54 31.7 8,357,615
  Liberal Democrats 51 8 2 +6 7.89 18.3 4,814,321
  SNP 4 -1 0.62 1.8 464,314
  Other parties 23 3.57 7.5

Results

Party Labour Party Conservative and
Unionist Party
Liberal Democrats UK Independence Party Scottish National Party Greens
(GPEW+SGP+GPNI)
Democratic
Unionist Party
Leader Tony Blair Michael Howard Charles Kennedy Roger Knapman Alex Salmond Caroline Lucas (GPEW) Ian Paisley
Votes 9,552,436 (35.2%) 8,784,915 (32.4%) 5,985,454 (22.0%) 605,973 (2.2%) 412,267 (1.5%) 257,758 (1.0%) 241,856 (0.9%)
Seats 355 (55.2%) 198 (30.7%) 62 (9.6%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (0.9%) 0 (0.0%) 9 (1.4%)
Votes cast by age group: Con, Lab, LD, other parties (green) and those not voting (grey).

At 04:28 BST, it was announced that Labour had won Corby, giving them 324 seats in the House of Commons out of those then declared and an overall majority, Labour's total reaching 355 seats out of the 646 House of Commons seats. Labour received 35.3% of the popular vote, equating to approximately 22% of the electorate on a 61.3% turnout, up from 59.4% turnout in 2001.

As expected, voter disenchantment led to an increase of support for many opposition parties, and caused many eligible to vote, not to turn out. Labour achieved a third successive term in office for the first time in their history, though with reduction of the Labour majority from 167 to 67 (as it was before the declaration of South Staffordshire). As it became clear that Labour had won an overall majority, Michael Howard, the leader of the Conservative Party, announced his intention to retire from frontline politics. The final seat to declare was the delayed poll in South Staffordshire, at just after 1 a.m. on Friday 24 June.

The election was followed by further criticism of the UK electoral system. Calls for reform came particularly from Lib Dem supporters, citing that they received only just over 10% of the overall seats with 22.1% of the popular vote. The only parties to win a substantially higher percentage of seats than they achieved in votes were Labour, the Democratic Unionist Party, Sinn Féin, and Health Concern, which ran only one candidate. The results of the election give a Gallagher index of dis-proportionality of 16.76.

Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in party colours
Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring)

The Labour Government claimed that being returned to office for a third term for the first time ever showed the public approval of Labour's governance and the continued unpopularity of the Conservatives. Nevertheless, Labour's vote declined to 35.3%, the lowest share of the popular vote to have formed a majority government in the history of the UK House of Commons. In many areas the collapse in the Labour vote resulted in a host of seats changing hands. Labour also failed to gain any new seats, almost unique in any election since 1945. As well as losing seats to the Tories and the Liberal Democrats, Labour also lost Blaenau Gwent, its safest seat in Wales,[14] to Independent Peter Law, and Bethnal Green and Bow to Respect candidate George Galloway.

The Conservatives claimed that their increased number of seats showed disenchantment with the Labour government and was a precursor of a Conservative breakthrough at the next election. Following three consecutive elections of declining representation and then in 2001 a net gain of just one seat, 2005 was the first general election since their famous 1983 landslide victory where the number of Conservative seats increased appreciably, although the Conservatives' vote share increased only slightly and this election did mark the third successive general election in which the Conservatives polled below 35%. In some areas the Conservative vote actually fell. The Conservatives claimed to have won the general election in England, since they received more votes than Labour although Labour still won a majority of seats.[15]

The Liberal Democrats claimed that their continued gradual increase in seats and percentage vote showed they were in a position to make further gains from both parties. They pointed in particular to the fact that they were now in second place in roughly one hundred and ninety constituencies and that having had net losses to Labour in the 1992 general election and having not taken a single seat off Labour in 1997, they had held their gains off Labour from the 2001 general election and had actually made further gains from them. The Liberal Democrats also managed to take three seats from the Conservatives, one notable victory being that of Tim Farron over Tim Collins in Westmorland and Lonsdale, through the use of a "decapitation strategy", which targeted senior Tories.[16]

The Liberal Democrats increased their percentage of the vote by 3.7%, the Conservatives by 0.6%, and Labour's dropped by 5.4%.

The UK media interpreted the results as an indicator of a breakdown in trust in the government, and especially in Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Meanwhile, the Scottish National Party improved its position in Scotland, regaining the Western Isles and Dundee East from Labour, having lost both seats in 1987.[17] In Wales Plaid Cymru failed to gain any seats and lost Ceredigion to the Liberal Democrats. In Northern Ireland the Ulster Unionists were all but wiped out, only keeping North Down, with leader David Trimble losing his seat in Upper Bann. For the first time the DUP became the biggest party in Northern Ireland.

It was the first general election since 1929 in which no party received more than ten million votes. It was the most "three-cornered" election since 1923, though the Liberal Democrats failed to match the higher national votes of the SDP–Liberal Alliance in the 1980s either in absolute or percentage terms. The total combined vote for Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats proved to be the lowest main three-party vote since 1922.

 Summary of the results of the 5 May 2005 United Kingdom general election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Political party
Leader
Candidates
Elected
Seats gained
Seats lost
Net change
in seats
% of seats
Number of votes
% of votes
Change in %
of vote
Votes per
seat won
Labour Tony Blair627355047–4755.29,552,43635.2–5.526,908
Conservative Michael Howard630198363+3330.78,784,91532.4+0.744,368
Liberal Democrats Charles Kennedy62662165+119.65,985,45422.0+3.896,540
UKIP Roger Knapman49600000.0605,9732.2+0.8N/A
SNP Alex Salmond59620+20.9412,2671.5–0.268,711
Green Caroline Lucas and Keith Taylor18200000.0257,7581.0+0.4N/A
DUP Ian Paisley18940+41.4241,8560.9+0.226,873
BNP Nick Griffin11900000.0192,7450.7+0.5N/A
Plaid Cymru Ieuan Wyn Jones40301–10.5174,8380.6–0.158,279
Sinn Féin Gerry Adams18510+10.8174,5300.6–0.134,906
Ulster Unionist David Trimble18105–50.2127,4140.5–0.3127,414
SDLP Mark Durkan1831100.5125,6260.5–0.141,875
Independent N/A180110+10.2122,4160.5+0.1122,416
Respect Linda Smith26110+10.268,0940.3N/A68,094
Scottish Socialist Colin Fox5800000.043,5140.2–0.1N/A
Veritas Robert Kilroy-Silk6500000.040,6070.1N/AN/A
Alliance David Ford1200000.028,2910.10.0N/A
Scottish Green Shiona Baird and Robin Harper1900000.025,7600.1+0.1N/A
Socialist Labour Arthur Scargill4900000.020,1670.10.0N/A
Liberal Michael Meadowcroft1400000.019,0680.10.0N/A
Health Concern Richard Taylor110000.218,7390.10.018,739
Speaker N/A110000.215,1530.10.015,153
English Democrat Robin Tilbrook2400000.015,1490.1N/AN/A
Socialist Alternative Peter Taaffe1700000.09,3980.0N/AN/A
National Front Tom Holmes1300000.08,0790.0N/AN/A
Legalise Cannabis Alun Buffry2100000.06,9500.00.0N/A
Monster Raving Loony Howling Laud Hope1900000.06,3110.00.0N/A
Community Action Peter Franzen300000.05,9840.0N/AN/A
Christian Vote George Hargreaves1000000.04,0040.0N/AN/A
Mebyon Kernow Dick Cole400000.03,5520.00.0N/A
Forward Wales John Marek600000.03,4610.0N/AN/A
CPA Alan Craig900000.03,2910.0N/AN/A
Rainbow Dream Ticket Rainbow George Weiss2300000.02,4630.0N/AN/A
Community Group Martin Williams100000.02,3650.0N/AN/A
Ashfield Independents Roy Adkins100000.02,2920.0N/AN/A
Alliance for Green Socialism Mike Davies500000.01,9780.0N/AN/A
Residents Association of London Malvin Brown200000.01,8500.0N/AN/A
Workers' Party Seán Garland600000.01,6690.00.0N/A
Socialist Environmental Goretti Horgan100000.01,6490.0N/AN/A
Scottish Unionist Daniel Houston100000.01,2660.00.0N/A
Workers Revolutionary Sheila Torrance1000000.01,2410.00.0N/A
New England Michael Tibby100000.01,2240.0N/AN/A
Communist Robert Griffiths600000.01,1240.00.0N/A
Community Group 100000.01,1180.0N/AN/A
Peace and Progress Chris Cooper300000.01,0360.0N/AN/A
Scottish Senior Citizens John Swinburne200000.01,0170.0N/AN/A
Your Party Daniel Thompson200000.01,0060.0N/AN/A
SOS! Northampton Yvonne Dale200000.09320.0N/AN/A
Ind. Working Class None100000.08920.0N/AN/A
Democratic Labour Brian Powell100000.07700.0N/AN/A
British Public Party Kashif Rana100000.07630.0N/AN/A
Free Scotland Party Brian Nugent300000.07430.0N/AN/A
Pensioners Party Scotland George Rodger100000.07160.0N/AN/A
Publican Party Kit Fraser and Don Lawson100000.06780.0N/AN/A
English Independence Party Andrew Constantine100000.06540.0N/AN/A
Socialist Unity None200000.05810.0N/AN/A
Local Community Party Jack Crossfield100000.05700.0N/AN/A
Clause 28 David Braid300000.05160.0N/AN/A
UK Community Issues Party Michael Osman300000.05020.0N/AN/A
Total646Turnout27,148,51061.442,026

[18]

Popular vote

  Labour (35.2%)
  Conservative (32.4%)
  Liberal Democrats (22.0%)
  UKIP (2.2%)
  SNP (1.5%)
  Greens (1%)
  DUP (0.9%)
  BNP (0.9%)
  Sinn Féin (0.9%)
  Plaid Cymru (0.9%)

The figure of 355 seats for Labour does not include the Speaker Michael Martin. See also the list of parties standing in Northern Ireland.

Government's new majority 66
Popular vote
Labour
35.2%
Conservative
32.4%
Liberal Democrat
22.1%
UK Independence
2.2%
Scottish National
1.5%
Green
1.0%
Others
5.7%

Parliamentary seats
Labour
55.1%
Conservative
30.7%
Liberal Democrat
9.6%
Democratic Unionist
1.4%
Scottish National
0.9%
Sinn Féin
0.8%
Others
1.6%

[19]

Seats changing hands

MPs who lost their seats

Party Name Constituency Office held whilst in power Year elected Defeated by Party
Labour Stephen Twigg Enfield Southgate Minister of State for Schools 1997 David Burrowes Conservative Party
Melanie Johnson Welwyn Hatfield Minister of State for Public Health 1997 Grant Shapps Conservative Party
Chris Leslie Shipley Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs 1997 Philip Davies Conservative Party
Ivan Henderson Harwich Parliamentary Private Secretary at the Home Office 1997 Douglas Carswell Conservative Party
David Stewart Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber (contested Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey) Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland 1997 Danny Alexander Liberal Democrats
Peter Bradley The Wrekin Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of State for Rural Affairs 1997 Mark Pritchard Conservative Party
Keith Bradley Manchester Withington Treasurer of the Household 1987 John Leech Liberal Democrats
Barbara Roche Hornsey and Wood Green Minister of State for Asylum and Immigration 1992 Lynne Featherstone Liberal Democrats
Calum MacDonald Na h-Eileanan an Iar Minister for Gaelic 1987 Angus MacNeil Scottish National Party
Roger Casale Wimbledon 1997 Stephen Hammond Conservative Party
Paul Stinchcombe Wellingborough 1997 Peter Bone Conservative Party
Kerry Pollard St Albans 1997 Anne Main Conservative Party
Tony Clarke Northampton South 1997 Brian Binley Conservative Party
Helen Clark Peterborough 1997 Stewart Jackson Conservative Party
Tony Colman Putney 1997 Justine Greening Conservative Party
Lorna Fitzsimons Rochdale 1997 Paul Rowen Liberal Democrats
Andy King Rugby and Kenilworth 1997 Jeremy Wright Conservative Party
Lawrie Quinn Scarborough and Whitby 1997 Robert Goodwill Conservative Party
Brian White North East Milton Keynes 1997 Mark Lancaster Conservative Party
Huw Edwards Monmouth 1997 David Davies Conservative Party
Phil Sawford Kettering 1997 Philip Hollobone Conservative Party
Linda Perham Ilford North 1997 Lee Scott Conservative Party
John Cryer Hornchurch 1997 James Brokenshire Conservative Party
Tony McWalter Hemel Hempstead 1997 Mike Penning Conservative Party
Candy Atherton Falmouth and Camborne 1997 Julia Goldsworthy Liberal Democrats
Nigel Beard Bexleyheath and Crayford 1997 David Evennett Conservative Party
Oona King Bethnal Green & Bow 1997 George Galloway Respect Party
Valerie Davey Bristol West 1997 Stephen Williams Liberal Democrats
Anne Campbell Cambridge 1992 David Howarth Liberal Democrats
Jon Owen Jones Cardiff Central 1992 Jenny Willott Liberal Democrats
Gareth Thomas Clwyd West 1997 David Jones Conservative Party
Geraint Davies Croydon Central 1997 Andrew Pelling Conservative Party
John Lyons Strathkelvin and Bearsden (contested East Dunbartonshire) 2001 Jo Swinson Liberal Democrats
Iain Luke Dundee East 2001 Stewart Hosie Scottish National Party
Chris Pond Gravesham Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 1997 Adam Holloway Conservative Party
Liberal Democrats Brian Cotter Weston-super-Mare Small Business Spokesperson 1997 John Penrose Conservative Party
Sue Doughty Guildford 2001 Anne Milton Conservative Party
Matthew Green Ludlow 2001 Philip Dunne Conservative Party
David Rendel Newbury 1993 Richard Benyon Conservative Party
Conservative Tim Collins Westmorland & Lonsdale Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills 1997 Tim Farron Liberal Democrats
Peter Duncan Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (contested Dumfries & Galloway) Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland 2001 Russell Brown Labour Party
Adrian Flook Taunton 2001 Jeremy Browne Liberal Democrats
John Taylor Solihull 1983 Lorely Burt Liberal Democrats
Ulster Unionist Party David Trimble Upper Bann Parliamentary Leader of the Ulster Unionists 1990 David Simpson Democratic Unionist Party
Roy Beggs East Antrim 1983 Sammy Wilson Democratic Unionist Party
David Burnside South Antrim 2001 William McCrea Democratic Unionist Party
Plaid Cymru Simon Thomas Ceredigion 2000 Mark Williams Liberal Democrats
Scottish National Party Annabelle Ewing Perth (contested Ochil and South Perthshire) 2001 Gordon Banks Labour Party

Seats which changed allegiance

Labour to Conservative (31)

Labour to Liberal Democrat (11)

Liberal Democrat to Conservative (5)

Conservative to Liberal Democrat (3)

Labour to SNP (2)

UUP to DUP (2)

Labour to Independent (1)

Liberal Democrat to Labour (1)

PC to Liberal Democrat (1)

UUP to SDLP (1)

Labour to Respect (1)

SDLP to Sinn Fein (1)

The disproportionality of the House of Commons in the 2005 election was 16.89 according to the Gallagher Index, mainly between Labour and the Liberal Democrats.

Post-election events

Formation of government

Following the election, Labour remained in power with Tony Blair remaining as Prime Minister. The morning after the election, Blair travelled to Buckingham Palace to inform The Queen of the election result and to receive permission to form a government, consequently beginning his third term as Prime Minister. Blair reshuffled his Cabinet and junior ministers over the following weekend, with formal announcements made on 9 May 2005. The most senior positions of Chancellor, Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary remained the same (Gordon Brown, Charles Clarke and Jack Straw respectively), but a few new faces were added. Most notably, David Blunkett returned to cabinet as the Work and Pensions Secretary, although he was forced to resign again due to another scandal before the end of the year that spawned a national press and opposition campaign for his dismissal. Patricia Hewitt became the new Health Secretary, Tessa Jowell remained as Culture Secretary, whilst Alan Johnson was promoted to Trade and Industry Secretary. Meanwhile, Ruth Kelly retained the Education job and Margaret Beckett stayed put at Environment.

The new Parliament met on 11 May for the election of the Speaker of the House of Commons.

New party leaders

On 6 May, Michael Howard announced he would be standing down as leader of the Conservative Party, but not before a review of the leadership rules. The formal leadership election began in October, and was ultimately won by David Cameron. On 7 May, David Trimble resigned as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party; Sir Reg Empey was elected as his successor at an Ulster Unionist Council meeting on 24 June.

End of the term

Blair's successor as Prime Minister, Gordon Brown (who came to office on 27 June 2007), visited Buckingham Palace on 6 April 2010 and asked the Queen to dissolve Parliament on 12 April. The next election was held on 6 May 2010.[20]

Further reading

  • John Bartle and Anthony King, eds. Britain at the Polls 2005 (2005) excerpt and text search
  • Andrew Geddes and Jonathan Tonge, eds. Britain decides: the UK general election 2005 (2005) 311 pages
  • Dennis Kavanagh and David Butler, eds. The British General Election of 2005 (2006) essays by political scientists

See also

References

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  2. "Blair is not the only one with Iraq amnesia – the Lib Dems were NOT anti-invasion, just anti-that-kind-of-invasion". UK: Left Foot Forward. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  3. Cowling, David (7 May 2005). "Who deserted Labour?". BBC News. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  4. "The 2005 General Election: Worst Election Ever". www.electoral-reform.org.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  5. "Blair delays election call". The Daily Telegraph. London. 3 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
  6. "Tory leader ousted". BBC News. 29 October 2003. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  7. Ha, Tu Thanh (11 September 2015). "Who is Lynton Crosby, the 'master of dark arts' now behind Harper's campaign?". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  8. "Tory election poster sparks complaints of racism from students and teachers". The Independent. London. 7 February 2005. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
  9. "Manifesto UK 2005" (PDF). www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2007.
  10. Toynbee, Polly (5 May 2004). "Polly Toynbee: Humiliation could make Blair a Labour leader". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  11. "Kennedy struggles to explain flagship policy". The Guardian. 15 April 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  12. "2005: Historic third term for Labour". BBC News. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  13. Plunkett, John (6 May 2005). "Broadcasters hail success of joint poll". London: MediaGuardian. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  14. "Labour loses safest seat in Wales". BBC News. 6 May 2005.
  15. McSmith, Andy (4 July 2006). "The Big Question: What is the West Lothian question, and can it be resolved satisfactorily?". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
  16. Carlin, Brendan; Sapsted, David (4 May 2005). "Defiant Kennedy takes 'decapitation' strategy into Tory heartland". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
  17. "SNP secures Western Isles victory". BBC News. 6 May 2005.
  18. Election 2005: constituencies, candidates and results Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The Electoral Commission. March 2006
  19. "2005 UK General election results, manifestos, PMs biography". UK Political Info. 13 April 2005. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  20. Gordon Brown calls 6 May general election – BBC News, 6 April 2010

Manifestos

Main parties
Smaller parties which won seats
Other parties
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