2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup

The 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 31st season of Iran's Football League and 13th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2012–13 Azadegan League: Esteghlal Khuzestan and Gostaresh both as champions. The league started on 24 July 2013 and ended on 11 April 2014. Foolad won the Pro League title for the second time in their history (total second Iranian title).

Persian Gulf Cup
Foolad F.C.
Season2013–14
ChampionsFoolad
2nd Pro League title
2nd Iranian title
RelegatedFajr Sepasi
Damash
Mes Kerman
Champions LeagueFoolad
Persepolis
Naft Tehran
Tractor Sazi (Hazfi Cup champions)
Matches played240
Goals scored504 (2.1 per match)
Top goalscorerKarim Ansarifard (14 goals)
Best goalkeeperNilson Corrêa Júnior (18 clean sheets)
Biggest home winGostaresh 5–0 Rah Ahan
(11 January 2014)
Biggest away winMes Kerman 0–6 Persepolis
(13 December 2013)
Highest scoringFajr Sepasi 2–4 Esteghlal
(6 August 2013)
Zob Ahan 2–4 Tractor Sazi
(6 August 2013)
Esteghlal Khuzestan 2–4 Naft Tehran
(16 August 2013)
Damash 5–1 Zob Ahan
(24 October 2013)
Mes Kerman 0–6 Persepolis
(13 December 2013)
Saipa 3–3 Tractor Sazi
(11 January 2014)
Malavan 4–2 Esteghlal
(19 February 2014)
Longest winning run5 matches
Esteghlal
Foolad
Malavan
Longest unbeaten run17 matches
Esteghlal
Longest winless run15 matches
Mes Kerman
Longest losing run6 matches
Damash
Highest attendance100,000
Esteghlal Persepolis
(6 September 2013)
Lowest attendance0 (spectator ban)
Sepahan Foolad
(25 July 2013)
Rah Ahan Saipa
(5 December 2013)
Foolad Saba Qom
(13 December 2013)
Total attendance1,815,825
Average attendance7,631

Changes

Number of the teams

2013–14 Iran Pro League were the first season since 2006 that 16 teams participated in the competition. In the previous season, 18 teams participated in the league.

Rules and regulations

The Iranian football clubs who participate in 2013–14 Iran Pro League were allowed to have up to maximum 38 players (including up to maximum 4 non-Iranian players) in their player lists, which will be categorized in the following groups:[1]

  • Up to maximum 21 adult (without any age limit) players
  • Up to maximum 9 under-23 players (i.e. the player whose birth is after 21 March 1990).
  • Up to maximum 5 under-21 players (i.e. the player whose birth is after 1 January 1993).
  • Up to maximum 3 under-19 players (i.e. the player whose birth is after 1 January 1995).

Teams

Stadia and locations

Team City Venue Capacity
Damash GilanRashtDr. Azodi11,000
EsteghlalTehranAzadi84,412
Esteghlal KhuzestanAhvazGhadir
Takhti Ahvaz
38,900
15,000
Fajr SepasiShirazHafezieh14,000
Foolad KhuzestanAhvazGhadir38,900
GostareshTabrizSahand
Gostaresh Foolad
66,833
12,000
MalavanAnzaliTakhti Anzali8,000
Mes KermanKermanShahid Bahonar15,430
Naft TehranTehranTakhti Tehran
Dastgerdi
30,122
8,250
PersepolisTehranAzadi84,412
Rah AhanTehranTakhti Tehran
Rah Ahan
30,122
12,000
Saba QomQomYadegar Emam10,610
SaipaKarajEnghelab Karaj15,000
SepahanEsfahanFoolad Shahr15,000
Tractor SaziTabrizSahand66,833
Zob AhanEsfahanFoolad Shahr15,000

Number of teams by region

Region Number of teams Teams
1 Tehran4Esteghlal, Naft Tehran, Persepolis, Rah Ahan
2 Khuzestan2Esteghlal Khuzestan, Foolad
3 East Azerbaijan2Gostaresh, Tractor Sazi
4 Esfahan2Sepahan, Zob Ahan
5 Gilan2Damash, Malavan
6 Kerman1Mes Kerman
7 Qom1Saba Qom
8 Alborz1Saipa
9 Fars1Fajr

Personnel and kits

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Team Manager Captain Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
Damash Iran Ali Nazarmohammadi (caretaker) Iran Reza Mahdavi Germany Uhlsport Loushan
Esteghlal Iran Amir Ghalenoei Iran Mehdi Rahmati Iran Merooj Bazar Mobl Iran, Mahan Air
Est. Khuzestan Iran Abdollah Veisi Iran Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh Iran Daei INSIG
Fajr Iran Mahmoud Yavari Iran Mehrdad Karimian Iran Merooj HICE
Foolad Iran Hossein Faraki Iran Bakhtiar Rahmani Germany Uhlsport Foolad Khuzestan
Gostaresh Iran Mehdi Tartar Iran Meysam Naghizadeh Germany Uhlsport Ata Airlines
Malavan Croatia Dragan Skočić Iran Maziar Zare Germany Uhlsport Steel Azin Iranian
Mes Kerman Croatia Luka Bonačić Iran Farzad Hosseinkhani Germany Uhlsport Resalat Bank
Naft Tehran Iran Yahya Golmohammadi Iran Alireza Ezzati Iran Merooj NIOC
Persepolis Iran Ali Daei Iran Mohammad Nouri Germany Uhlsport Tourism Bank Archived 2016-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
Rah Ahan Iran Mansour Ebrahimzadeh Iran Bahador Abdi Iran Daei Fars Air Qeshm
Saba Qom Iran Samad Marfavi Iran Morteza Kashi Iran Merooj Hi clean!
Saipa Germany Engin Firat Iran Ebrahim Sadeghi Germany Uhlsport SAIPA
Sepahan Croatia Zlatko Kranjčar Iran Hadi Aghily Germany Uhlsport Foolad Mobarakeh
Tractor Sazi Portugal Toni Iran Morteza Assadi Iran Merooj Hamrah-e Aval
Zob Ahan Iran Firouz Karimi Iran Mehdi Rajabzadeh Iran Merooj Esfahan Steel

Managerial changes

Before the start of the season

Team Outgoing head coach Manner of departure Date of vacancy Position in table Incoming head coach Date of appointment
Persepolis Iran Yahya Golmohammadi End of caretaker spell 11 May 2013 Pre-season Iran Ali Daei 1 June 2013
Saipa Iran Mojtaba Taghavi End of contract 11 May 2013 Germany Engin Firat 1 June 2013
Malavan Iran Mohammad Ahmadzadeh Sacked 26 May 2013 Croatia Dragan Skočić 1 June 2013
Naft Tehran Iran Mansour Ebrahimzadeh Mutual consent 31 May 2013 Iran Yahya Golmohammadi 1 June 2013
Rah Ahan Iran Ali Daei Signed by Persepolis 31 May 2013 Iran Mansour Ebrahimzadeh 1 June 2013
Fajr Sepasi Iran Mahmoud Yavari Resigned 31 May 2013 Iran Gholam Peyrovani 1 June 2013
Saba Qom Iran Samad Marfavi End of contract 31 May 2013 Iran Mohammad Mayeli Kohan 1 June 2013
Mes Kerman Croatia Luka Bonačić Sacked 2 June 2013 Iran Mahmoud Yavari 25 July 2013
Zob Ahan Iran Farhad Kazemi End of contract 25 June 2013 Croatia Luka Bonačić 30 June 2013

During the season

Team Outgoing head coach Manner of departure Date of vacancy Position in table Incoming head coach Date of appointment
Fajr Sepasi Iran Gholam Peyrovani Resigned 7 September 2013 15th Iran Mahmoud Yavari 15 September 2013
Mes Kerman Iran Mahmoud Yavari 14 September 2013 16th Iran Parviz Mazloomi 18 September 2013
Saba Qom Iran Mohammad Mayeli Kohan Sacked 11 November 2013 12th Iran Samad Marfavi 11 November 2013
Zob Ahan Croatia Luka Bonačić Mutual consent 1 January 2014 14th Iran Mojtaba Taghavi 1 January 2014
Gostaresh Iran Rasoul Khatibi Resigned 1 January 2014 11th Iran Mehdi Tartar 1 January 2014
Tractor Sazi Iran Majid Jalali Sacked 19 January 2014 6th Portugal Toni 28 January 2014
Mes Kerman Iran Parviz Mazloomi Resigned 22 January 2014 16th Croatia Luka Bonačić 23 January 2014
Damash Iran Afshin Nazemi Sacked 26 January 2014 12th Iran Ali Nazarmohammadi 26 January 2014
Zob Ahan Iran Mojtaba Taghavi 25 February 2014 15th Iran Firouz Karimi 25 February 2014
Tractor Sazi Portugal Toni Mutual consent 29 April 2014 6th, post-season Iran Rasoul Khatibi 31 May 2014

League table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Foolad (C) 30 16 9 5 36 24 +12 57 2015 AFC Champions League group stage
2 Rah Ahan 30 15 10 5 45 18 +27 55
3 Persepolis 30 16 8 6 34 15 +19 55[lower-alpha 1] 2015 AFC Champions League Third qualifying round
4 Naft Tehran 30 15 9 6 39 23 +16 54
5 Sepahan 30 14 12 4 36 20 +16 54
6 Esteghlal 30 15 9 6 34 25 +9 53[lower-alpha 1] 2015 AFC Champions League group stage[lower-alpha 2]
7 Tractor Sazi 30 11 13 6 39 33 +6 45[lower-alpha 1]
8 Malavan 30 13 6 11 40 33 +7 44[lower-alpha 1]
9 Saipa 30 7 14 9 26 31 5 35
10 Saba Qom 30 8 9 13 32 38 6 33
11 Gostaresh 30 7 11 12 31 34 3 32
12 Est. Khuzestan 30 6 11 13 26 37 11 29
13 Zob Ahan 30 6 11 13 24 36 12 29
14 Fajr Sepasi (R) 30 6 11 13 20 34 14 29 Qualification to relegation play-offs
15 Damash (R) 30 5 12 13 30 40 10 26[lower-alpha 1] Relegation to 2014–15 Azadegan League
16 Mes Kerman (R) 30 1 19 10 21 36 15 22
Updated to match(es) played on 11 April 2014. Source: FIFA.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:
  1. Esteghlal, Malavan, Damash, Persepolis and Tractor Sazi were deducted 1 point due to poor fan behavior in their home matches.
  2. Tractor Sazi secured qualification for the 2015 AFC Champions League through winning the 2013–14 Hazfi Cup.

Results

Home \ Away DMG EST ESK FJR FOL GOS MLV MES NAF PRS RAH SAB SAP SEP TRK ZOB
Damash 1–2 0–0 1–3 1–2 1–2 0–3 1–1 1–1 0–1 1–1 2–1 1–1 1–1 1–0 5–1
Esteghlal 1–0 1–0 1–0 2–0 0–0 1–0 1–1 0–1 0–0 3–1 1–0 2–0 1–2 1–3 1–1
Est. Khuzestan 1–1 2–0 0–0 0–2 3–1 0–2 0–0 2–4 0–1 3–2 1–0 0–0 0–2 1–4 2–0
Fajr Sepasi 2–2 2–4 2–1 0–0 0–0 2–1 1–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 1–2 0–1 2–1 0–0 0–0
Foolad 3–1 0–1 3–2 1–0 1–1 1–0 1–0 0–2 2–1 0–0 2–0 4–1 0–0 2–1 1–0
Gostaresh 0–2 1–2 1–1 2–0 0–1 1–2 0–0 1–2 1–0 5–0 0–1 1–2 1–1 1–2 2–0
Malavan 0–0 4–2 2–1 3–1 1–2 2–1 2–1 2–0 0–1 0–1 2–1 0–3 2–3 1–1 1–2
Mes Kerman 1–1 1–1 1–1 1–2 2–2 1–2 1–3 0–1 0–6 2–0 0–0 2–2 0–0 1–1 0–0
Naft Tehran 0–0 1–1 0–0 2–0 1–1 4–1 0–0 1–0 1–0 2–1 1–2 2–1 2–2 3–0 0–1
Persepolis 2–0 0–0 0–0 1–0 3–1 1–0 1–0 2–0 0–0 2–2 3–1 1–0 2–0 1–0 2–1
Rah Ahan 1–0 0–1 1–0 0–0 0–1 1–2 0–0 0–0 1–3 0–1 0–0 0–0 1–1 1–2 0–1
Saba Qom 3–2 1–2 1–1 3–0 0–1 2–2 1–0 2–2 1–2 1–1 2–1 0–0 0–1 1–3 2–1
Saipa 2–3 0–1 1–1 0–0 0–0 1–1 1–2 1–0 0–0 1–0 0–3 2–1 0–0 3–3 1–0
Sepahan 2–0 0–0 3–1 3–0 2–0 0–0 1–2 0–0 1–0 2–0 0–0 2–1 2–2 0–1 1–0
Tractor Sazi 0–0 1–1 1–0 0–0 2–2 1–1 2–2 0–0 1–0 1–0 0–3 1–1 1–0 1–2 2–2
Zob Ahan 2–1 2–0 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–0 1–1 1–1 3–2 0–0 2–3 1–1 0–0 0–1 2–4
Updated to match(es) played on 11 April 2014. Source: IPL Stats
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

Positions by round

Team ╲ Round123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Foolad1584111111111123455443222221121
Persepolis452545352435211531112335353242
Naft Tehran579633423354545223234553434313
Sepahan111464665222356666665444545554
Esteghlal366222246678762344321111112435
Tractor Sazi12128356534543434112556666667776
Malavan14131311121412131313141514129978788777776667
Saipa8151412117107710107677787877888899888
Saba Qom6237787810991010111212121313121212111010101010109
Gostaresh11111198989118668910111111111199999889910
Rah Ahan9358912141414151313151514141312121313141414141312111111
Est. Khuzestan2471010131110121211119101110101010910101011111111121212
Zob Ahan1614151515109118111212121313131414141414131313131415151313
Fajr Sepasi131616161616161515141514131415151515151616161515151514141414
Damash791013141113129789118889991011111212121213131515
Mes Kerman101012141315151616161616161616161616161515151616161616161616
Leader
2015 AFC Champions League
Relegation to Play-offs Qualification
Relegation to 2014–15 Azadegan League
Source: FIFA.com (in English)

Clubs season-progress

Team ╲ Round123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
FooladLWWWWWLWDWWLDLDDDWWDWWDWDWDWLW
PersepolisWDWLWLWDWLWDWWDLWWWWDLDLWDWWDW
Naft TehranWLDWWWLWDDLWDWDWWDWDDLWWLWDWWL
SepahanWWDLLWDDWWWDDLDDDDWWWWDWLWDDWW
EsteghlalWLWWWWLDLDWWDWDDDWWWWWDDDWLLWL
Tractor SaziLDWWDDWWDLWWDWDWWDLDDDDDDLLLWW
MalavanLDDWLLWLDDLLWWWWWLWLDWWDWLWWLL
SaipaDLDWDWLWDLLWDWWLDDLWDDLLDLDDDD
Saba QomWWLLDLWLLWLDDDLLLLLWLWDWDDLWDD
GostareshLDDWDLWDLWWLLLDDLDDLWWLWDDDLLL
Rah AhanDWDLLLLDDLWLLLWLDWLDLLDWDDWWDL
Est. KhuzestanWDDLLLWDLLWDWLDWDDLDLLWLDDDLLL
Zob AhanLDLDDWWLWLLDDLLLLDDLDWDDDLLLWW
Fajr SepasiLLLLWDLDDWLDWLLLDLDLDLWLDDWDDW
DamashDDDLLWDDWWLDLWDWLDLLLLLLDDDLLD
Mes KermanDDLDDLLLDDLDLDDWDLDDDLLLDDDDDD
Source: IPL Stats
W = Win; D = Draw; L = Lose

Relegation play-offs

Fajr Sepasi as 14th-placed team faced play-off winner of 2013–14 Azadegan League, Paykan in a two-legged play-off.


Fajr Sepasi0 – 0Paykan
Report
Attendance: 12,984
Referee: Mohammad Reza Akbarian
Paykan1 – 0Fajr Sepasi
Halafi 71' Report
Attendance: 9,206

Paykan won 1–0 on aggregate and promoted to the next season of Iran Pro League, Fajr Sepasi also relegated to the Azadegan League.

Season statistics

Top Goalscorers

Karim Ansarifard
Rank Player Club Goals
1 Iran Karim Ansarifard Tractor Sazi 14
2 Iran Reza Enayati Saba Qom 13
3 Iran Mehrdad Bayrami Gostaresh 12
4 Iran Mehdi Daghagheleh Malavan 11
Iran Reza Norouzi Naft Tehran
5 Brazil Chimba Foolad 9
Iran Jalal Rafkhaei Malavan
Iran Mehdi Rajabzadeh Zob Ahan
Iran Sajjad Shahbazzadeh Saipa
8 Brazil Edinho Mes Kerman 8
Iran Amin Motevaselzadeh Damash Gilan
Iran Mehdi Sharifi Sepahan
10 Iran Mohammad Ghazi Esteghlal 7
Iran Farid Karimi Saba Qom
Total goals (Including technical loses) 504
Total games 239
Average per game 2.11

Last updated: 11 April 2014
Source: FIFA.com

Top Assistants

Payam Sadeghian
Rank Player Club Assists
1 Iran Payam Sadeghian Persepolis 8
2 Iran Amir Hossein Feshangchi Malavan 7
3 Iran Ehsan Hajsafi Sepahan 6
Iran Iman Mobali Esteghlal Khuzestan
4 Iran Khosro Heydari Esteghlal 5
Iran Milad Meydavoudi Esteghlal Khuzestan
Iran Hossein Papi Sepahan
Iran Andranik Teymourian Esteghlal
5 Iran Karim Ansarifard Tractor Sazi 4
Iran Ghasem Haddadifar Zob Ahan
Iran Rasoul Navidkia Naft Tehran
Iran Bakhtiar Rahmani Foolad
Iran Kaveh Rezaei Saipa

Last updated: 11 April 2014
Sources:
IPL Stats

Clean Sheets

Nilson Corrêa
Rank Player Club Clean sheets Goals conceded Match played
1 Brazil Nilson Persepolis 18 15 30
2 Iran Rahman Ahmadi Sepahan 15 16 27
3 Iran Mehdi Rahmati Esteghlal 14 25 30
4 Iran Sosha Makani Foolad 13 14 20
5 Iran Alireza Beiranvand Naft Tehran 12 12 21
6 Iran Hamed Fallahzadeh Rah Ahan 11 23 22
7 Iran Mohammad Bagher Sadeghi Saipa 9 30 26
8 Iran Mohsen Foroozan Gostaresh Foolad 8 30 25

Last Update: 11 April 2014

Scoring

  • First goal of the season: Adel Kolahkaj for Esteghlal Khuzestan against Zob Ahan (24 July 2013)
  • Fastest goal of the season: 17 seconds, Kaveh Rezaei for Saipa against Mes Kerman (4 January 2014)
  • Latest goal of the season: 95 minutes and 12 seconds, Ali Karimi for Tractor Sazi against Mes Kerman (24 December 2013)
  • Largest winning margin: 6 goals
    • Mes Kerman 0–6 Persepolis (13 December 2013)
  • Highest scoring game: 6 goals
    • Fajr 2–4 Esteghlal (6 August 2013)
    • Zob Ahan 2–4 Tractor Sazi (6 August 2013)
    • Esteghlal Khuzestan 2–4 Naft Tehran (16 August 2013)
    • Damash 5–1 Zob Ahan (24 October 2013)
    • Mes Kerman 0–6 Persepolis (13 December 2013)
    • Saipa 3–3 Tractor Sazi (11 January 2014)
    • Malavan 4–2 Esteghlal (19 February 2014)
  • Most goals scored in a match by a single team: 6 goals
    • Mes Kerman 0–6 Persepolis (13 December 2013)
  • Most goals scored in a match by a losing team: 2 goals
    • Fajr 2–4 Esteghlal (6 August 2013)
    • Zob Ahan 2–4 Tractor Sazi (6 August 2013)
    • Esteghlal Khuzestan 2–4 Naft Tehran (16 August 2013)
    • Foolad 3–2 Esteghlal Khuzestan (23 August 2013)
    • Zob Ahan 3–2 Naft Tehran (31 August 2013)
    • Esteghlal Khuzestan 3–2 Rah Ahan (17 October 2013)
    • Saba Qom 3–2 Damash (26 January 2014)
    • Malavan 4–2 Esteghlal (19 February 2014)

Awards

Team of the Season

Goalkeeper: Nilson Corrêa Júnior (Persepolis)
Defence: Vahid Amiri (Naft), Jalal Hosseini (Persepolis), Hanif Omranzadeh (Esteghlal), Ali Hamoudi (Sepahan)
Midfield: Bakhtiar Rahmani (Foolad), Andranik Teymourian (Esteghlal), Amir Hossein Feshangchi (Malavan), Payam Sadeghian (Perspolis), Esmaeil Sharifat (Foolad)
Attack: Karim Ansarifard (Tractor Sazi)

Player of the Season

Andranik Teymourian was awarded as the best player of the season among Payam Sadeghian became second. Mohammad Abbaszadeh was also awarded as the best young player of the season.

Other awards

Hossein Faraki was awarded as the best coach of the season.

Attendances

Average home attendances

Pos Team Total High Low Average Change
1 Persepolis 442,000 95,000 10,000 29,467 +35.6%
2 Tractor Sazi 325,005 62,000 800 21,667 −9.9%
3 Esteghlal 296,500 100,000 500 19,767 −42.3%
4 Foolad 126,500 49,500 0 9,036 +67.0%
5 Damash 94,000 15,000 2,000 6,267 −6.9%
6 Sepahan 67,200 12,000 0 4,800 +20.9%
7 Malavan 66,500 12,000 1,000 4,433 −26.1%
8 Mes Kerman 61,120 12,000 1,000 4,075 +6.6%
9 Est. Khuzestan 59,250 10,000 500 3,950 n/a
10 Fajr Sepasi 56,900 14,000 1,000 3,793 −22.4%
11 Gostaresh 43,500 12,000 300 2,900 n/a
12 Zob Ahan 42,700 10,000 1,000 2,847 +34.4%
13 Saba Qom 41,150 12,000 500 2,743 +1.4%
14 Saipa 35,600 12,000 100 2,373 −49.9%
15 Naft Tehran 34,660 15,000 60 2,311 −10.7%
16 Rah Ahan 23,300 8,000 0 1,664 −14.3%
League total 1,815,825 100,000 0 7,631 −4.2%

Updated to games played on 11 April 2014
Source: Iranleague.ir
Notes:
Matches with spectator bans are not included in average attendances
Esteghlal Khuzestan and Gostaresh played last season in Azadegan League

Highest attendances

Rank Home team Score Away team Attendance Date Week Stadium
1Esteghlal0–0Persepolis100,0006 September 2013 (2013-09-06)8Azadi
2Persepolis0–0Esteghlal95,00017 January 2014 (2014-01-17)23Azadi
3Esteghlal1–2Sepahan65,0001 August 2013 (2013-08-01)2Azadi
4Tractor Sazi1–1Esteghlal62,0008 November 2013 (2013-11-08)15Sahand
5Persepolis1–0Tractor Sazi50,00024 July 2013 (2013-07-24)1Azadi
5Tractor Sazi0–0Mes Kerman50,00016 August 2013 (2013-08-16)5Sahand
5Esteghlal1–3Tractor Sazi50,00011 April 2014 (2014-04-11)30Azadi
8Foolad0–1Esteghlal49,5006 April 2014 (2014-04-06)29Ghadir
9Tractor Sazi2–2Foolad45,00019 October 2013 (2013-10-19)13Sahand
9Tractor Sazi1–0Persepolis45,00029 November 2013 (2013-11-29)16Sahand

Notes:
Updated to games played on 11 April 2014. Source: Iranleague.ir

See also

Team season articles

References

  1. "آیین نامه نقل و انتقالات لیگ برتر فصل ۹۲-۱۳۹۱" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
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