2020 Massachusetts Question 2
Massachusetts Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative, also known as Question 2, was an initiative at the 2020 Massachusetts general election that would have changed primaries and elections in Massachusetts from plurality voting to ranked-choice voting (RCV) for all Massachusetts statewide offices, state legislative offices, federal congressional offices, and certain other offices beginning in 2022. RCV would not be extended to elections for president, county commissioner, or regional district school committee member. The initiative failed, with 54.8% of voters voting 'No' and 45.2% 'Yes'.[1]
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Initiative Petition for a Law to Implement Ranked-Choice Voting in Elections | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outcome | Rejected | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
 Municipality results
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elections in Massachusetts |
|---|
 |
|
Massachusetts portal |
If passed, Massachusetts would have become the second state to adopt ranked-choice voting for state and federal offices, following Maine's passage of Question 5 in 2016 and subsequent passage of Question 1 in June 2018. Other initiatives to enact ranked choice voting in 2020 include the Alaska Ballot Measure 2.[2]
Summary
Ranked choice voting is a voting system where voters can rank multiple candidates in order of their preference and is used to ensure election of a candidate with majority support. People supporting lower performing candidates as their first preference can redistribute their vote to more viable candidates, avoiding the problems of vote splitting and spoiler candidates. Ranked choice voting is used in elections in Maine (since 2018; adopted 2016),[3] the Australian House of Representatives (since 1918),[4] for the Irish President (since 1938),[5] and in numerous cities across the United States.[6]
Voting Process
In ranked choice voting, ballots are completed by giving candidates a number ranking in order of voter preference, starting with a voter's first choice. Voters are able to rank as many candidates as they desire and to include write-in candidates on their ballots. If no candidate wins a majority of first-choice votes, then the ballot works as an instant runoff. The candidate with the fewest first-choice votes is eliminated, and that candidate's votes are redistributed to their supporters’ second choices. If no candidate has a majority after that round, then the process continues until a candidate with majority support is found.[7]
Endorsements
Voter Choice Massachusetts is the lead sponsor of the Yes on 2 campaign. In addition, it has the formal endorsements of the Democratic Party of Massachusetts, the Libertarian Party of Massachusetts, the Green-Rainbow Party, Common Cause, the League of Women Voters, RepresentUs, and many other organizations.[8][9]
In a September 2020 editorial for the Boston Globe, Senator Elizabeth Warren endorsed ranked choice voting, arguing, "By requiring the winner to reach more than 50 percent of the vote, ranked-choice voting ensures the winning candidate is the one with the broadest appeal to the majority of voters. The ability to mobilize the broadest and deepest appeal across the electorate would replace the ability to target a passionate minority constituency, which may be extreme or nonrepresentative from the standpoint of most voters as the key to winning."[10]
On October 11, the Editorial Board of The Boston Globe published Vote yes on Question 2, writing "with Question 2, Bay State voters can make our government far more representative of the will of the people."[11]
- Political Parties
- Senators
- Representatives
- State Officials
- Bill Weld (Former Governor)
- Deval Patrick (Former Governor)
- William F. Galvin (Secretary of the Commonwealth)
Polling
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[lower-alpha 1] |
Cohort | Margin of error |
Yes (for the initiative) | No (against the initiative) | Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YouGov/UMass Amherst | October 14–21, 2020 | 713 (LV) | All | ± 4.5% | 48% | 43% | – | 9% |
| Ipsos/Spectrum News | October 7–15, 2020 | 1,001 (A) | All | ± 3.5% | 45% | 34% | – | 21% |
| MassInc./WBUR | August 6–9, 2020 | 501 (LV) | All | ± 4.4% | 36% | 36% | 1%[lower-alpha 2] | 27% |
| 323 (LV) | Respondents who say they understand RCV very well or somewhat well |
± 5.6% | 48% | 35% | 2%[lower-alpha 3] | 15% | ||
| 161 (LV) | Respondents who say they do not understand RCV very well or do not understand it at all |
± 7.9% | 14% | 38% | 0% | 48% |
Results
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
 No |
1,877,447 | 54.78 |
| Yes | 1,549,919 | 45.22 |
| Valid votes | 3,427,366 | 93.69 |
| Total votes | 3,658,005 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 4,812,909 | 76.00 |
| Source: [12] · [13] | ||
Notes
- Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear - "Refused" with 1%
- "Refused" with 2%
See also
References
- Simón Rios (November 4, 2020). "Voters Say 'No' To Ranked-Choice Voting In Mass". WBUR. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- "On election-reform Ballot Measure 2, backers and opponents don't follow party lines". Anchorage Daily News. September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
- "Ranked Choice Voting in Maine | Maine State Legislature". legislature.maine.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
- "A short history of federal electoral reform in Australia". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
- "Dail Elections since 1918". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
- "Ranked Choice Voting 101". FairVote. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
- "New York City Voters Just Adopted Ranked-Choice Voting in Elections". Time. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
- "Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
- "Who Supports YES ON 2?". Yes on 2 Ranked Choice Voting. Ranked Choice Voting 2020 Committee. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
- Warren, Elizabeth; Raskin, Jamie (September 18, 2020). "Ranked-choice voting is a better way to vote - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
- "Vote yes on Question 2 - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. October 11, 2020. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
- "PD43+ » 2020 - Statewide - Question 2Do you approve of a law summarized below, on which no vote was taken by the Senate or the House of Representatives on or before May 5, 2020?". PD43+. Retrieved January 17, 2021..
- "Voter Turnout Statistics". www.sec.state.ma.us. Retrieved January 17, 2021..
Further reading
- Rios, Simón (August 13, 2020), "WBUR Poll Finds Mass. Voters Split On Ranked-Choice Voting Ballot Question", Wbur.org
- Rios, Simón (September 14, 2020), "Mass. Ballot Question 2, Explained: What You Need To Know About Ranked-Choice Voting", Wbur.org (includes video)
- Stout, Matt (October 8, 2020), "Ranked-choice voting debated as referendum nears", Bostonglobe.com
- Massachusetts State Attorney General, "Question 2 - Ranked-Choice Voting" (PDF), William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth