2021–22 Liga MX season

The 2021–22 Liga MX season (known as the Liga BBVA MX for sponsorship reasons) was the 75th professional season of the top-flight football league in Mexico. The season was divided into two championships—the Apertura 2021 and the Clausura 2022—each in an identical format and each contested by the same eighteen teams.

Liga MX
Season2021–22
ChampionsApertura:
Atlas
(2nd title)
Clausura:
Atlas
(3rd title)
Champions LeagueAtlas
León
Pachuca
UANL
Matches played306
Apertura: 153
Clausura: 153
Goals scored716 (2.34 per match)
Apertura:
331 (2.16 per match)
Clausura:
385 (2.52 per match)
Top goalscorerApertura:
Germán Berterame
Nicolás López
(9 goals)
Clausura:
André-Pierre Gignac
(11 goals)
Biggest home winApertura:
Pachuca 4–0 León
(24 July 2021)
Cruz Azul 4–0 Toluca
(14 August 2021)
Clausura:
UNAM 5–0 Toluca
(10 January 2022)
Biggest away winApertura:
Atlético San Luis 2–6 Atlas
(24 October 2021)
Clausura:
Necaxa 0–4 Monterrey
(14 January 2022)
Highest scoringApertura:
Atlético San Luis 2–6 Atlas
(24 October 2021)
Clausura:
León 4–4 Toluca
(1 May 2022)
Longest winning runApertura:
5 matches
América
Clausura:
6 matches
América
Pachuca
Longest unbeaten runApertura:
8 matches
América
Clausura:
9 matches
Puebla
UANL
Longest winless runApertura:
9 matches
Toluca
Clausura:
11 matches
Juárez
Longest losing runApertura:
4 matches
Monterrey
Necaxa
Clausura:
7 matches
Juárez
Highest attendanceApertura: 42,862
América vs Guadalajara
(25 September 2021)
Clausura: 52,360
América vs Cruz Azul
(30 April 2022)
Lowest attendanceApertura: 2,747
Pachuca vs Juárez
(24 October 2021)
Clausura: 5,397
Atlético San Luis vs Juárez
(20 January 2022)
Total attendanceApertura: 1,696,286
Clausura: 2,502,296
Average attendanceApertura: 11,699
Clausura: 16,907
Stats are from the regular season only
Source: Liga MX

On 5 March 2022, during a match between Queretaro and Atlas, a riot broke out in the stands at the Estadio Corregidora, resulting in 26 injuries.[1]

Stadiums and locations
Team Location Stadium Capacity
América Mexico City Azteca 87,000
Atlas Guadalajara, Jalisco Jalisco 55,110
Atlético San Luis San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí Alfonso Lastras 25,709
Cruz Azul Mexico City Azteca 87,000
Guadalajara Zapopan, Jalisco Akron 45,364
Juárez Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua Olímpico Benito Juárez 19,703
León León, Guanajuato León 31,297
Mazatlán Mazatlán, Sinaloa Mazatlán 25,000
Monterrey Guadalupe, Nuevo León BBVA 53,500
Necaxa Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Victoria 23,851
Pachuca Pachuca, Hidalgo Hidalgo 27,512
Puebla Puebla, Puebla Cuauhtémoc 51,726
Querétaro Querétaro, Querétaro Corregidora 33,162
Santos Laguna Torreón, Coahuila Corona 29,237
Tijuana Tijuana, Baja California Caliente 27,333
Toluca Toluca, State of Mexico Nemesio Díez 31,000
UANL San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Universitario 41,886
UNAM Mexico City Olímpico Universitario 48,297

Stadium Changes
Querétaro (Clausura 2022 Week 11)
Estadio Morelos
Capacity: 34,795
Locations of the 2021–22 Liga MX teams
Greater Mexico City Liga MX football clubs

Personnel and kits
Team Chairman Head Coach Captain Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor(s)
América Santiago Baños Argentina Fernando Ortiz (Interim) Mexico Guillermo Ochoa Nike AT&T
Atlas José Riestra Argentina Diego Cocca Mexico Aldo Rocha Charly
Atlético San Luis Alberto Marrero Brazil André Jardine Mexico Javier Güémez Pirma Canel's
Cruz Azul Jaime Ordiales Peru Juan Reynoso Mexico José de Jesús Corona Joma Cemento Cruz Azul
Guadalajara Amaury Vergara Mexico Ricardo Cadena Mexico Jesús Molina Puma Caliente
Juárez Miguel Ángel Garza Brazil Ricardo Ferretti Uruguay Maximiliano Olivera Sporelli S-Mart
León Jesús Martínez Murguia Mexico Christian Martínez (Interim) Mexico Luis Montes Charly Cementos Fortaleza
Mazatlán Mauricio Lanz González Mexico Gabriel Caballero Uruguay Nicolás Vikonis Pirma Caliente
Monterrey Duilio Davino Mexico Víctor Manuel Vucetich Colombia Stefan Medina Puma Codere
Necaxa Ernesto Tinajero Flores Mexico Jaime Lozano Mexico Fernando González Pirma Rolcar
Pachuca Armando Martínez Patiño Uruguay Guillermo Almada Argentina Oscar Ustari Charly Cementos Fortaleza
Puebla Manuel Jiménez García Argentina Nicolás Larcamón Mexico Javier Salas Umbro Baz
Querétaro José Antonio Núñez Argentina Hernán Cristante Uruguay Maximiliano Perg Charly Pedigree Petfoods
Santos Laguna Dante Elizalde Mexico Eduardo Fentanes (Interim) Mexico Carlos Acevedo Charly Soriana
Tijuana Jorge Hank Inzunsa Argentina Sebastián Méndez Mexico Jonathan Orozco Charly Caliente
Toluca Francisco Suinaga Mexico Ignacio Ambríz Argentina Alexis Canelo Under Armour Banamex
UANL Mauricio Culebro Mexico Miguel Herrera Argentina Nahuel Guzmán Adidas Cemex
UNAM Leopoldo Silva Gutiérrez Argentina Andrés Lillini Mexico Alfredo Talavera Nike DHL Express

Managerial changes
Team Outgoing manager Manner of
departure		 Date of vacancy Replaced by Date of appointment Position
in table		 Ref.
Pre-Apertura changes
Atlético San Luis Uruguay Leonel Rocco Sacked 30 April 2021 Uruguay Marcelo Méndez 19 June 2021 Preseason [2][3]
Mazatlán Mexico Tomás Boy Sacked 3 May 2021 Spain Beñat San José 18 May 2021 [4][5]
UANL Brazil Ricardo Ferretti End of Contract 8 May 2021 Mexico Miguel Herrera 20 May 2021 [6][7]
León Mexico Ignacio Ambriz End of Contract 9 May 2021 Argentina Ariel Holan 11 May 2021 [8][9]
Juárez Mexico Alfonso Sosa Sacked 3 June 2021 Brazil Ricardo Ferretti 3 June 2021 [10][11]
Apertura changes
Querétaro Mexico Héctor Altamirano Sacked 22 August 2021 Uruguay Leonardo Ramos 23 August 2021 16th [12]
Guadalajara Mexico Víctor Manuel Vucetich Sacked 19 September 2021 Mexico Marcelo Michel Leaño (Interim) 20 September 2021 9th [13][14]
Necaxa Mexico Guillermo Vázquez Sacked 24 September 2021 Argentina Pablo Guede 27 September 2021[note 1] 15th [16][17]
Tijuana Uruguay Robert Siboldi Sacked 29 September 2021 Mexico Ignacio Palou (Interim) 3 October 2021 18th [18]
Tijuana Mexico Ignacio Palou (Interim) End of tenure as caretaker 8 October 2021 Argentina Sebastián Méndez 8 October 2021 18th [19]
Guadalajara Mexico Marcelo Michel Leaño (Interim) Ratified as manager 3 November 2021 Mexico Marcelo Michel Leaño 3 November 2021 12th [20]
Pre-Clausura changes
Pachuca Uruguay Paulo Pezzolano Mutual agreement termination 8 November 2021 Uruguay Guillermo Almada 2 December 2021 Preseason [21][22]
Santos Laguna Uruguay Guillermo Almada Mutual agreement termination 29 November 2021 Portugal Pedro Caixinha 1 December 2021 [23][24]
Toluca Argentina Hernán Cristante Sacked 29 November 2021 Mexico Ignacio Ambríz 1 December 2021 [25][26]
Clausura changes
Atlético San Luis Uruguay Marcelo Méndez Sacked 26 January 2022 Mexico Rafael Fernández (Interim) 26 January 2022 18th [27]
Atlético San Luis Mexico Rafael Fernández (Interim) End of tenure as caretaker 3 February 2022 Brazil André Jardine 3 February 2022 18th [28]
Necaxa Argentina Pablo Guede Sacked 8 February 2022 Mexico Jaime Lozano 9 February 2022 14th [29][30]
Querétaro Uruguay Leonardo Ramos Sacked 8 February 2022 Argentina Hernán Cristante 9 February 2022 15th [31][32]
Santos Laguna Portugal Pedro Caixinha Sacked 24 February 2022 Mexico Eduardo Fentanes (Interim) 24 February 2022 18th [33]
Monterrey Mexico Javier Aguirre Sacked 27 February 2022 Argentina Hugo Norberto Castillo (Interim) 28 February 2022 16th [34][35]
América Argentina Santiago Solari Sacked 2 March 2022 Argentina Fernando Ortiz (Interim) 3 March 2022 17th [36]
Monterrey Argentina Hugo Norberto Castillo (Interim) End of tenure as caretaker 2 March 2022 Mexico Víctor Manuel Vucetich 2 March 2022 15th [37]
Mazatlán Spain Beñat San José Sacked 2 March 2022 Mexico Christian Ramírez (Interim) 3 March 2022 14th [38]
Mazatlán Mexico Christian Ramírez (Interim) End of tenure as caretaker 3 March 2022 Mexico Gabriel Caballero 14 March 2022 18th [39]
Guadalajara Mexico Marcelo Michel Leaño Sacked 14 April 2022 Mexico Ricardo Cadena (Interim) 14 April 2022 14th [40][41]
León Argentina Ariel Holan Resigned 21 April 2022 Mexico Christian Martínez (Interim) 21 April 2022 12th [42][43]

Torneo Apertura

The Grita México Apertura 2021 was the first tournament of the season. The tournament was renamed Torneo Grita México Apertura 2021 (stylized as Grita... México A21) with the intention of encouraging fans in the stands not to scream an offensive chant after a goal kick.[44] The tournament began on 22 July. The defending champions were Cruz Azul.

Standings

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 América 17 10 5 2 21 10 +11 35 Qualification for the quarter-finals[lower-alpha 1]
2 Atlas (C) 17 8 5 4 21 10 +11 29
3 León 17 8 5 4 20 14 +6 29
4 UANL 17 7 7 3 26 14 +12 28
5 Santos Laguna 17 5 9 3 23 16 +7 24 Qualification for the reclassification[lower-alpha 2]
6 Toluca 17 6 6 5 22 22 0 24
7 Puebla 17 6 6 5 16 16 0 24
8 Cruz Azul 17 5 8 4 21 17 +4 23
9 Monterrey 17 5 7 5 19 16 +3 22
10 Guadalajara 17 5 7 5 13 13 0 22
11 UNAM 17 5 6 6 17 23 −6 21
12 Atlético San Luis 17 4 8 5 19 23 −4 20
13 Mazatlán 17 5 5 7 18 24 −6 20
14 Necaxa 17 6 2 9 16 22 −6 20
15 Pachuca 17 4 6 7 19 21 −2 18
16 Juárez 17 4 4 9 14 25 −11 16
17 Querétaro 17 3 6 8 11 19 −8 15
18 Tijuana 17 3 6 8 16 27 −11 15
Source: Liga MX
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results between tied teams; 5) Number of goals scored away; 6) Highest relegation coefficient; 7) Fair Play points
(C) Champions
Notes:
  1. The first four places in the table qualified for the quarter-finals.
  2. Teams ranked 5th to 12th in the table qualified for reclassification.

Positions by Round
Leader and qualification to Liguilla
Qualification to Liguilla
Qualification to Reclassification
Last place in table
Team ╲ Round1234567891011121314151617
América97411111111111111
Atlas105567785344222222
León1811632223467867563
UANL51010116344785553434
Santos Laguna23799956101011911121195
Toluca31123432233334346
Puebla714151614151414131413151391087
Cruz Azul16131155678878676658
Monterrey84844567522445779
Guadalajara13991012131110999119891210
UNAM1115161718141517161617171717141411
Atlético San Luis66271010996567810121312
Mazatlán4238811121211111012101181113
Necaxa171718141181011121512141516131014
Pachuca18121213121313151314101213151515
Juárez1518141517171818141215131415161616
Querétaro1212131315161715171816161614171717
Tijuana1416171816181616181718181818181818
Source: Liga MX

Results

Teams played every other team once (either at home or away), completing a total of 17 rounds.

Home \ Away AMÉ ATL ASL CAZ GUA JUÁ LEÓ MAZ MON NEC PAC PUE QUE SAN TIJ TOL UNL UNM
América — — — — 0–0 — — 2–0 0–0 2–1 — 2–0 — 2–1 2–0 — 1–0 2–0
Atlas 0–1 — — 0–0 — 2–0 2–0 — 2–1 — — 0–1 2–0 — 0–2 0–0 — —
Atlético San Luis 0–1 2–6 — 0–0 — — — — 1–1 0–2 — — 1–1 — 4–1 — 0–3 —
Cruz Azul 2–1 — — — — — 0–1 0–2 1–1 — 1–1 — 2–0 — — 4–0 1–1 —
Guadalajara — 0–1 1–2 1–1 — 2–2 0–3 — — 2–1 1–0 — — — — 2–0 — —
Juárez 1–2 — 1–0 2–1 — — — — 3–1 — — 0–2 0–0 — 1–1 1–3 — —
León 1–1 — 0–0 — — 0–1 — 3–0 — 3–0 — — — 1–1 2–1 — — 1–2
Mazatlán — 1–0 2–2 — 0–1 3–1 — — 1–1 — 2–1 — 2–1 — — — 0–3 2–2
Monterrey — — — — 0–0 — 0–1 — — 0–1 3–1 1–1 — — — 2–0 2–0 2–0
Necaxa — 0–3 — 1–2 — 1–0 — 2–1 — — — 0–1 — 0–3 3–0 — — 3–0
Pachuca 1–1 0–1 0–0 — — 1–1 4–0 — — 1–0 — — — 1–1 — 1–2 — 1–1
Puebla — — 2–2 1–1 0–2 — 0–1 2–0 — — 1–2 — 1–0 2–2 — 1–0 1–1 —
Querétaro 0–0 — — — 1–0 — 0–1 — 1–0 3–0 0–2 — — 2–3 1–1 — — —
Santos Laguna — 1–1 0–0 1–1 0–0 2–0 — 1–0 1–2 — — 1–1 — — — 2–2 — —
Tijuana — — — 0–1 0–0 — — 0–0 2–2 — 3–2 1–1 — 2–1 — 0–2 1–2 —
Toluca 3–1 — 1–2 — — — 0–0 2–2 — 1–1 — — 1–1 — — — 3–1 2–1
UANL — 1–1 — — 2–1 3–0 2–2 — — 0–0 3–0 — 3–0 1–1 — — — 1–1
UNAM — 0–0 1–3 4–3 0–0 1–0 — — — — — 2–0 0–0 0–3 3–1 — — —
Source: Liga MX
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For upcoming matches, an "a" indicates there is an article about the rivalry between the two participants.

Regular Season statistics
  • First goal of the season:
    Colombia Juan Otero for Santos Laguna against Necaxa (23 July 2021)
  • Last goal of the season:
    Brazil Diogo de Olivera for UNAM against Cruz Azul (7 November 2021)

Hat-tricks
PlayerForAgainstResultDate
Argentina Germán Berterame Atlético San Luis Tijuana 4–1 (H) 16 September 2021
Chile Víctor Dávila León Necaxa 3–0 (H) 6 November 2021
Mexico Roberto Alvarado Cruz Azul UNAM 3–4 (A) 7 November 2021
Notes

(H) – Home team
(A) – Away team

Per team
Home match played behind closed doors
Away match
Highest attended match of the week
Lowest attended match of the week
PPD Match postponed
Team Week Total Att Avg. Total Pld
1234567891011121314151617
América9,5908,56711,65514,63742,86227,57116,91832,67525,654190,12921,1259
Atlas7,85913,6377,2395,5688,8329,9029,60410,29910,42183,3619,2629
Atlético San Luis6,9174,1283,9093,0389,54516,3739,3097,69060,9097,6148
Cruz Azul9,5988,5887,72014,62614,88217,92820,89431,257125,49315,6878
Guadalajara11,6479,20810,8929,60311,13521,70915,01920,432109,70513,7138
Juárez7,3457,80613,99211,62310,6469,60811,90610,94283,86810,4848
León8,8639,6639,23912,71910,0789,67512,33311,24083,81010,4848
Mazatlán4,6756,5437,7335,4777,9025,8808,1209,10712,83068,2677,5859
Monterrey20,26720,94315,83315,46726,75519,83626,07823,077168,25621,0328
Necaxa9,15313,1879,2428,98311,0207,2518,72310,80978,3689,7968
Pachuca10,6834,7107,4545,5032,7476,88737,9846,3316
Puebla6,8007,6546,0863,37014,7825,9065,62415,10116,13681,4599,0519
Querétaro10,22110,0315,1905,7046,8128,47110,59513,25470,2788,7858
Santos Laguna12,20013,08211,99811,69111,43114,48411,29312,51114,658113,34812,5949
Tijuana4,3335,3333,3333,3336,3337,33310,33310,3336,33356,9976,3339
Toluca8,5407,0919,56610,2976,8336,58510,09011,21070,2128,7778
UANL14,3509,26411,22512,96215,58115,79724,15325,52326,243155,09817,2339
UNAM14,1909,00011,98123,57358,74414,6864
Total72,56486,38767,21980,39184,21569,41584,32660,197106,538126,06398,798118,477118,181111,556137,000127,871147,0881,696,28611,699145

Source: Liga MX

Highest and lowest
Highest attended Lowest attended[a]
WeekHomeScoreAwayAttendance HomeScoreAwayAttendance
1Monterrey1–1Puebla20,267Tijuana1–2UANL4,333
2Monterrey2–0UNAM20,943Mazatlán2–1Pachuca4,675
3UANL1–1Santos Laguna14,350Tijuana0–2Toluca5,333
4Monterrey3–1Pachuca15,833Atlético San Luis0–2Necaxa4,128
5Juárez1–2América13,992Tijuana1–1Puebla3,333
6Monterrey0–0Guadalajara15,467Atlético San Luis0–0Cruz Azul3,909
7Cruz Azul1–1Pachuca14,626Tijuana2–2Monterrey3,333
8América2–0Mazatlán14,637Puebla2–2Atlético San Luis3,370
9Monterrey2–0UANL26,755Atlético San Luis4–1Tijuana3,038
10América0–0Guadalajara42,862Pachuca1–0Necaxa4,710
11Monterrey2–0Toluca19,836Mazatlán3–1Juárez5,880
12América2–0UNAM27,571Puebla1–2Pachuca5,906
13Monterrey0–1León26,078Pachuca1–1Santos Laguna5,503
14UANL3–0Pachuca24,153Puebla2–0Mazatlán5,624
15América1–0UANL32,675Pachuca1–1Juárez2,747
16Cruz Azul2–1América31,257Pachuca1–1UNAM6,887
17UANL3–0Juárez26,243Tijuana3–2Pachuca6,333

Source: Liga MX

  1. ^
    Does not include matches played behind closed doors.

Final phase – Apertura 2021
Main article: Apertura 2021 Liga MX final phase

Reclassification
Team 1  Score  Team 2
Santos Laguna 2–0 Atlético San Luis
Toluca 1–2 UNAM
Puebla 2–2 (6–5 p) Guadalajara
Cruz Azul 1–4 Monterrey
  • All games were played in a single-leg hosted by the higher seed.
  • If a game ended in a draw, it proceeded directly to a penalty shoot-out.

Bracket
Quarter-finals Semi-finals Finals
               
2 Atlas (s) 0 1 1
7 Monterrey 0 1 1
2 Atlas (s) 1 0 1
8 UNAM 0 1 1
1 América 0 1 1
8 UNAM 0 3 3
2 Atlas (p) 2 1 3 (4)
3 León 3 0 3 (3)
3 León 1 2 3
6 Puebla 2 0 2
3 León (s) 1 2 3
4 UANL 2 1 3
4 UANL (s) 1 1 2
5 Santos Laguna 2 0 2
  • Teams were re-seeded each round.
  • The winners of the Reclassification matches were seeded based on their ranking in the classification table.
  • Team with more goals on aggregate after two matches advanced.
  • No away goals rule is applied in neither round, if the two teams were tied on aggregate, the higher seeded team advanced.
  • In the final, if the two teams were tied after both legs, the match went to extra time and, if necessary, a shoot-out.
  • Both finalists qualified to the 2023 CONCACAF Champions League.
[45]

Quarter-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
UNAM 3–1 América 0–0 3–1
Monterrey 1–1 (s) Atlas 0–0 1–1
Puebla 2–3 León 2–1 0–2
Santos Laguna 2–2 (s) UANL 2–1 0–1

Semi-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
UNAM 1–1 (s) Atlas 0–1 1–0
UANL 3–3 (s) León 2–1 1–2

Finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
León 3–3 (3–4 p) Atlas 3–2 0–1 (a.e.t.)
 Apertura 2021 winners: 
Atlas
2nd title

Torneo Clausura

The Grita México Clausura 2022 was the second tournament of the season. Like the Apertura 2021, the tournament was renamed Torneo Grita México Clausura 2022 (stylized as Grita... México C22) with the intention of encouraging fans in the stands not to scream an offensive chant after a goal kick.[44] Atlas are the defending champions.

Standings

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 Pachuca 17 12 2 3 30 15 +15 38 Qualification for the quarter-finals[lower-alpha 1]
2 UANL 17 10 3 4 30 20 +10 33
3 Atlas (C) 17 7 6 4 21 15 +6 27[lower-alpha 2]
4 América 17 7 5 5 24 17 +7 26
5 Puebla 17 7 5 5 25 19 +6 26 Qualification for the reclassification[lower-alpha 3]
6 Guadalajara 17 7 5 5 25 21 +4 26
7 Monterrey 17 7 5 5 21 17 +4 26
8 Cruz Azul 17 7 4 6 20 17 +3 25
9 Necaxa 17 7 2 8 21 21 0 23
10 Atlético San Luis 17 7 2 8 21 22 −1 23
11 UNAM 17 6 4 7 24 21 +3 22
12 Mazatlán 17 6 3 8 20 24 −4 21
13 León 17 5 6 6 17 22 −5 21
14 Santos Laguna 17 5 5 7 25 25 0 20
15 Toluca 17 5 4 8 21 36 −15 19
16 Querétaro 17 3 8 6 18 21 −3 17[lower-alpha 2]
17 Tijuana 17 4 5 8 14 26 −12 17
18 Juárez 17 3 2 12 10 28 −18 11 Team ended last place in the coefficient table[lower-alpha 4]
Source: Liga MX
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results between tied teams; 5) Number of goals scored away; 6) Highest relegation coefficient; 7) Fair Play points
(C) Champions
Notes:
  1. The first four places in the table qualified for the Liguilla quarter-finals.
  2. The match between Querétaro and Atlas was stopped in the 60th minute, with the score Querétaro 0–1 Atlas, after a brawl broke out in the stands between fans and a subsequent pitch invasion.[46] As a result, Atlas was given a 0–3 victory.
  3. Teams ranked 5th to 12th in the table qualified for Reclassification.
  4. The last place team in the coefficient table cannot qualify for the final phase, the 13th place team qualifies in their stead.

Positions by Round
Leader and qualification to Liguilla
Qualification to Liguilla
Qualification to Reclassification
Last place in table
Team ╲ Round1234567891011121314151617
Pachuca32543221211212111
UANL7131165433332121222
Atlas136332556444545643
América61114161316171818171514118754
Puebla95111112123333335
Guadalajara271058910109910131411876
Monterrey114810111416171187864587
Cruz Azul43224344656456468
Necaxa141812141011131313128111512999
Atlético San Luis161718131717141516141615913101010
UNAM11476667810139107111211
Mazatlán1716171815131516171818171717161312
León121091112875565679121113
Santos Laguna812161718181814151112101314141514
Toluca1014131516121111141614161616171716
Tijuana1515151214159810139121215151617
Juárez58689101212121517181818181818
Source: Liga MX

Results

Teams played every other team once (either at home or away), completing a total of 17 rounds.

Home \ Away AMÉ ATL ASL CAZ GUA JUÁ LEÓ MAZ MON NEC PAC PUE QUE SAN TIJ TOL UNL UNM
América — 0–2 2–3 0–0 — 3–0 2–0 — — — 1–3 — 1–1 — — 3–0 — —
Atlas — — 1–0 — 1–1 — — 1–2 — 2–1 0–1 — — 2–1 — — 1–1 0–0
Atlético San Luis — — — — 2–2 0–1 2–0 1–0 — — 0–2 2–1 — 1–3 — 0–1 — 2–0
Cruz Azul — 1–0 0–1 — 0–1 1–0 — — — 1–2 — 1–3 — 1–2 2–0 — — 2–1
Guadalajara 0–0 — — — — — — 3–0 1–3 — — 2–3 1–1 1–0 2–1 — 1–3 3–1
Juárez — 1–2 — — 1–3 — 0–1 0–2 — 2–1 1–2 — — 0–0 — — 2–3 0–1
León — 1–1 — 0–1 2–1 — — — 0–0 — 2–1 0–1 1–1 — — 4–4 0–3 —
Mazatlán 2–1 — — 1–1 — — 1–2 — — 0–0 — 2–1 — 1–0 2–0 1–2 — —
Monterrey 2–1 0–0 0–2 2–2 — 3–0 — 2–1 — — — — 0–0 1–0 2–0 — — —
Necaxa 0–1 — 4–2 — 0–1 — 0–1 — 0–4 — 1–3 — 1–0 — — 0–1 2–0 —
Pachuca — — — 1–0 2–1 — — 3–1 3–0 — — 1–0 2–2 — 0–0 — 2–1 —
Puebla 1–1 1–1 — — — 1–1 — — 1–0 0–1 — — — 2–2 3–1 — — 2–2
Querétaro — 0–3w/o 2–1 0–1 — 4–0 — 2–0 — — — 0–2 — — — 1–1 0–1 1–3
Santos Laguna 2–3 — — — — — 1–1 — — 1–4 3–1 — 1–1 — 4–0 — 1–1 3–2
Tijuana 1–3 2–0 1–1 — — 1–0 1–1 — — 1–1 — — 2–2 — — — — 1–0
Toluca — 2–4 — 1–4 1–1 0–1 — — 2–2 — 0–3 2–1 — 3–1 1–2 — — —
UANL 0–2 — 2–1 2–2 — — — 4–3 2–0 — — 0–2 — — 2–0 3–0 — —
UNAM 0–0 — — — — — 2–1 1–1 2–0 1–3 2–0 — — — — 5–0 1–2 —
Source: Liga MX
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
For upcoming matches, an "a" indicates there is an article about the rivalry between the two participants.

Regular Season statistics
  • First goal of the season:
    Argentina Nicolás Ibáñez for Pachuca against Atlético San Luis (6 January 2022)
  • Last goal of the season:
    Colombia Jaine Barreiro for León against Toluca (1 May 2022)

Hat-tricks
PlayerForAgainstResultDate
Venezuela Fernando Aristeguieta Puebla Cruz Azul 3–1 (A) 5 March 2022
Notes

(H) – Home team
(A) – Away team

Per team
Pos Team Total High Low Average Change
1 UANL 237,786 41,473 10,497 29,723 +72.5%†
2 América 226,233 52,360 16,968 28,279 +33.9%†
3 Monterrey 246,169 40,327 16,508 27,352 +30.0%†
4 Puebla 185,572 35,040 11,180 23,197 +156.3%†
5 Guadalajara 205,597 33,047 15,193 22,844 +66.6%†
6 Cruz Azul 193,131 33,924 12,686 21,459 +36.8%†
7 Atlas 137,445 21,968 12,588 17,181 +85.5%†
8 UNAM 136,149 42,650 8,493 17,019 +15.9%†
9 Tijuana 120,164 27,333 8,333 15,021 +137.2%†
10 Necaxa 109,759 20,537 8,921 13,720 +40.1%1
11 León 117,446 18,732 8,997 13,050 +24.6%†
12 Toluca 114,535 22,438 9,211 12,726 +45.0%†
13 Querétaro 60,636 13,622 7,458 12,127 +38.0%2
14 Santos Laguna 96,360 18,774 9,377 12,045 −4.4%†
15 Mazatlán 91,547 15,729 8,221 11,443 +50.9%†
16 Juárez 79,313 10,113 7,355 8,813 −15.9%†
17 Pachuca 68,841 11,367 5,584 8,605 +35.9%†
18 Atlético San Luis 75,613 14,998 5,397 8,401 +10.3%†
League total 2,502,296 52,360 5,397 16,907 +44.5%†

Source: Liga MX
Notes:
Only regular season listed
1: Played one match behind closed doors
2: As a result of the riot on 5 March 2022, Querétaro will play all matches behind closed doors for one year. The ban began on 7 March 2022.

Highest and lowest
Highest attended Lowest attended[a]
WeekHomeScoreAwayAttendance HomeScoreAwayAttendance
1Puebla1–1América35,040Atlético San Luis0–2Pachuca6,841
2UANL0–2Puebla14,829Pachuca2–1Guadalajara6,692
3América0–2Atlas20,825Atlético San Luis0–1Juárez5,397
4Atlas2–1Santos Laguna17,346Juárez1–3Guadalajara7,801
5Monterrey3–0Juárez29,052Atlético San Luis0–1Toluca5,574
6América1–3Pachuca27,858Juárez0–0Santos Laguna7,355
7UNAM0–0América42,650Pachuca3–1Mazatlán6,875
8UANL2–2Cruz Azul36,978Mazatlán0–0Necaxa9,414
9Monterrey2–1América40,327UNAM1–1Mazatlán9,289
10Guadalajara0–0América33,047Atlético San Luis2–1Puebla5,904
11UANL2–0Monterrey41,473Mazatlán1–2León9,566
12UANL2–1Tijuana37,691Atlético San Luis1–0Mazatlán5,803
13Monterrey1–0Santos Laguna29,769Atlético San Luis2–0León6,102
14UANL3–0Toluca36,658Juárez1–2Pachuca8,568
15América2–0León36,210Toluca0–1Juárez9,211
16UANL0–2América38,810Juárez0–2Mazatlán7,688
17América0–0Cruz Azul52,630Atlético San Luis1–3Santos Laguna10,364

Source: Liga MX

  1. ^
    Does not include matches played behind closed doors.

Riot
Main article: Querétaro–Atlas riot

On 5 March 2022, during a Round 9 match between Queretaro and Atlas, a riot broke out in the stands at Estadio Corregidora resulting in 26 injuries.[1] As a result, Liga MX President Mikel Arriola announced that all remaining league matches scheduled for that week were postponed.[47] One Liga de Expansión MX match and five Liga MX Femenil matches scheduled for that week were also postponed.[48]


Final phase – Clausura 2022
Main article: Clausura 2022 Liga MX final phase

Reclassification
Team 1  Score  Team 2
Puebla 2–2 (3–1 p) Mazatlán
Guadalajara 4–1 UNAM
Monterrey 2–2 (1–3 p) Atlético San Luis
Cruz Azul 1–1 (3–1 p) Necaxa
  • All games were played in a single-leg hosted by the higher seed.
  • If a game ended in a draw, it proceeded directly to a penalty shoot-out.

Bracket
Quarter-finals Semi-finals Finals
               
1 Pachuca 2 3 5
8 Atlético San Luis 2 2 4
1 Pachuca 1 3 4
4 América 1 0 1
4 América 1 3 4
5 Puebla 1 2 3
1 Pachuca 0 2 2
3 Atlas 2 1 3
2 UANL (s) 1 0 1
7 Cruz Azul 0 1 1
2 UANL 0 0 0
3 Atlas 3 2 5
3 Atlas 2 1 3
6 Guadalajara 1 1 2
  • Teams were re-seeded each round.
  • The winners of the Reclassification matches were seeded based on their ranking in the classification table.
  • Team with more goals on aggregate after two matches advanced.
  • No away goals rule is applied in neither round, if the two teams were tied on aggregate, the higher seeded team advanced.
  • In the final, if the two teams were tied after both legs, the match went to extra time and, if necessary, a shoot-out.
  • Both finalists qualified to the 2023 CONCACAF Champions League.
[45]

Quarter-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Atlético San Luis 4–5 Pachuca 2–2 2–3
Cruz Azul 1–1 (s) UANL 0–1 1–0
Guadalajara 2–3 Atlas 1–2 1–1
Puebla 3–4 América 1–1 2–3

Semi-finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
América 1–4 Pachuca 1–1 0–3
Atlas 5–0 UANL 3–0 2–0

Finals
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Atlas 3–2 Pachuca 2–0 1–2
 Clausura 2022 winners: 
Atlas
3rd title

Annual awards
Award Winner Club
Balón de Oro Colombia Camilo Vargas[49][50] Atlas
Best Goalkeeper Colombia Camilo Vargas[49][50] Atlas
Best center-back Argentina Hugo Nervo[49][50] Atlas
Best full-back Mexico Kevin Álvarez[50] Pachuca
Best defensive midfielder Mexico Aldo Rocha[49][50] Atlas
Best offensive midfielder Colombia Julián Quiñones[49][50] Atlas
Best Forward France André-Pierre Gignac[49][50] UANL
Top Goalscorer of the Season Argentina Germán Berterame (16 goals)[50] Atlético San Luis
Rookie of the Year Mexico Jordan Carrillo[49][50] Santos Laguna
Manager of the Year Argentina Diego Cocca[49][50] Atlas
Best Goal Paraguay Juan Escobar[49][50] Cruz Azul

Coefficient table

As of the 2020–21 season, the promotion and relegation between Liga MX and Liga de Expansión MX (formerly known as Ascenso MX) was suspended, however, the coefficient table will be used to establish the payment of fines that will be used for the development of the clubs of the silver circuit.[51]

Per Article 24 of the competition regulations, the payment of $MXN160 million will be distributed among the last three positioned in the coefficient table as follows: 80 million in the last place; 47 million the penultimate; and 33 million will be paid by the sixteenth team in the table,[52] as of the 2021–22 season the remaining $MXN80 million will be paid through the financial remnants generated by the Liga MX itself.[53] The team that finishes last on the table will start the following season with a coefficient of zero. If the last ranked team, which was Atlético San Luis, repeats as the last ranked team in the 2021–22 season coefficient table, they will be fined an additional $MXN20 million.

Pos
 Team '19 A
Pts		 '20 C
Pts[a]		 '20 G
Pts		 '21 G
Pts		 '21 A
Pts		 '22 C
Pts		 Total
Pts		 Total
Pld		 Avg
 GD
 Fine
1 América 3134323835261961031.9029+49Safe from paying any fine
2 León 3329402629211781031.7282+40
3 Cruz Azul 2335294123251761031.7087+40
4 UANL 3228282328331721031.6699+47
5 Santos Laguna 3729252624201611031.5631+31
6 Pachuca 2522252318381511031.4660+23
7 UNAM 2334321821221501031.4563+9
8 Guadalajara 2525262322261471031.4272+9
9 Monterrey 2714292822261461031.4175+18
10 Puebla 1725202824261401031.3592+3
11 Atlas 2116142529271321031.2816+1
12 Atlético San Luis[c] 0000202343341.2647–5
13 Necaxa 3114241120231231031.1942–14
14 Mazatlán[b] 2718162120211231031.1942–18
15 Querétaro 3124132115171211031.1748–12
16 Toluca (F) 1717212223191201031.1650–30$MXN33 million
17 Tijuana (F) 2416152015171071031.0388–56$MXN47 million
18 Juárez (F) 1821191516111001030.9709–56$MXN80 million


Rules for fine payment: 1) Fine coefficient; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results between tied teams; 5) Number of goals scored away; 6) Fair Play points
F = Team will have to pay fine indicated
Source: Liga MX

  1. ^
    2019–20 points were accumulated as Monarcas Morelia.
  2. ^
    2019–20 and 2020–21 accumulated points are not counted towards their relegation coefficient.

Aggregate table

The aggregate table (the sum of points of both the Apertura 2021 and Clausura 2022 tournaments) was being used to determine the participants in the 2022 Leagues Cup. On 15 April 2022, it was announced the tournament was cancelled due to fixture congestion from the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[54]


Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 UANL 34 17 10 7 56 34 +22 61 CONCACAF Champions League
2 América 34 17 10 7 45 27 +18 61
3 Atlas (C, A, X) 34 15 11 8 42 25 +17 56[lower-alpha 1] CONCACAF Champions League
4 Pachuca 34 16 8 10 49 36 +13 56
5 Puebla 34 13 11 10 41 35 +6 50
6 León 34 13 11 10 37 36 +1 50 CONCACAF Champions League
7 Cruz Azul 34 12 12 10 41 34 +7 48
8 Monterrey 34 12 12 10 40 33 +7 48
9 Guadalajara 34 12 12 10 38 34 +4 48
10 Santos Laguna 34 10 14 10 48 41 +7 44
11 UNAM 34 11 10 13 41 44 −3 43
12 Atlético San Luis 34 11 10 13 40 45 −5 43
13 Necaxa 34 13 4 17 37 43 −6 43
14 Toluca 34 11 10 13 43 58 −15 43
15 Mazatlán 34 11 8 15 38 48 −10 41
16 Querétaro 34 6 14 14 29 40 −11 32[lower-alpha 1]
17 Tijuana 34 7 11 16 30 53 −23 32
18 Juárez 34 7 6 21 24 53 −29 27
Source: Liga MX
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results between tied teams; 5) Number of goals scored away; 6) Highest relegation coefficient; 7) Fair Play points
(A) Apertura champion; (C) Champions; (X) Clausura champion
Notes:
  1. The match between Querétaro and Atlas was stopped in the 60th minute, with the score Querétaro 0–1 Atlas, after a brawl broke out in the stands between fans and a subsequent pitch invasion.[46] As a result, Atlas was given a 0–3 victory.

Number of teams by state
Rank State Number Teams
1 Mexico City3América, Cruz Azul, and UNAM
3 Jalisco Jalisco2Atlas and Guadalajara
Nuevo León Nuevo LeónMonterrey and UANL
14  Aguascalientes1Necaxa
Baja California Baja CaliforniaTijuana
Chihuahua (state) ChihuahuaJuárez
Coahuila CoahuilaSantos Laguna
Guanajuato GuanajuatoLeón
Hidalgo (state) HidalgoPachuca
Puebla PueblaPuebla
Querétaro QuerétaroQuerétaro
San Luis Potosí San Luis PotosíAtlético San Luis
Sinaloa SinaloaMazatlán
State of Mexico State of MexicoToluca

Notes
  1. Although appointed on 27 September 2021, Guede would not immediately take charge. Due to league schedule, his first match will be delayed to 3 October 2021 vs UANL.[15]

      See also

      References
      1. Lopez, Oscar (6 March 2022). "Mexico Soccer Riot Leaves 22 Injured, Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
      2. "Leonel Rocco es destituido del Atlético de San Luis tras el fracaso en el Guard1anes 2021". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). 30 April 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      3. "¡Ya hay estratega! Atlético de San Luis presenta a Marcelo Méndez como su nuevo DT". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). 19 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
      4. "Tomás Boy deja de ser el director técnico del Mazatlán FC". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 3 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      5. "Mazatlán: Beñat San José, nuevo técnico para el Apertura 2021". ESPN México (in Spanish). 18 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      6. Huerta, César (9 May 2021). "Termina la era del "Tuca": Tigres, eliminado por Atlas en repechaje". As (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      7. "Miguel Herrera es oficialmente director técnico de Tigres". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 20 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      8. ""No le debo nada a la afición, logré la octava estrella": Nacho Ambriz se despide de León". Milenio (in Spanish). 10 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      9. "El León de México confirma a Ariel Holan como entrenador". Marca (in Spanish). 12 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      10. Reséndiz, Mac (3 June 2021). "Alfonso Sosa: Justo hoy me avisó Juárez que ya no estaba considerado". ESPN México (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      11. "El 'Tuca' ya tiene nuevo equipo: dirigirá a los Bravos de Juárez". El Financiero (in Spanish). 3 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
      12. "Héctor Altamirano fue cesado de la dirección técnica de Querétaro". ESPN México (in Spanish). 22 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
      13. "Víctor Manuel Vucetich deja de ser técnico de Chivas". ESPN México (in Spanish). 19 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
      14. "Chivas tiene técnico para el Clásico: nombran a Marcelo Michel Leaño como DT interino". El Financiero (in Spanish). 20 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
      15. "Pablo Guede ya entrena con Necaxa, pero no estará en el banquillo ante Xolos" (in Spanish). 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
      16. "Guillermo Vázquez deja de ser entrenador del Necaxa". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
      17. "¡Como de rayo! Pablo Guede ya tomó las riendas del Necaxa y alista jornada doble". Mediotiempo (in Spanish). 27 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
      18. "Robert Dante Siboldi es cesado como entrenador de Xolos de Tijuana". ESPN México (in Spanish). 29 September 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      19. "Tijuana anuncia a Sebastián Méndez como su nuevo técnico para el Apertura 2021". ESPN México (in Spanish). 8 October 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      20. Garrido, José María (3 November 2021). "Ricardo Peláez ratifica a Michel Leaño para el siguiente torneo con Chivas". Marca Claro (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      21. "Paulo Pezzolano, destituido como técnico de los Tuzos del Pachuca". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 8 November 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      22. "'Fue raro pasar de Torreón a Pachuca en tres días'; Almada, presentado con Tuzos". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). 7 December 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      23. "Guillermo Almada sale de Santos tras quedar fuera del Apertura 2021". ESPN México (in Spanish). 29 November 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      24. "Santos hace oficial la contratación de Pedro Caixinha como técnico". ESPN México (in Spanish). 1 December 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      25. "Liga MX: Hernán Cristante, fuera de Toluca; se une a los técnicos destituidos en el Apertura 2021". Fútbol Total (in Spanish). 29 November 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      26. "Toluca presenta oficialmente a Nacho Ambriz para el Clausura 2022". TUDN (in Spanish). 1 December 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      27. "Marcelo Méndez deja de ser técnico del Atlético de San Luis". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 26 January 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      28. "André Jardine, nuevo director técnico del Atlético de San Luis". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 3 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      29. "Oficial: Pablo Guede dejó de ser técnico del Necaxa". Azteca Deportes (in Spanish). 8 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      30. "Jaime Lozano, nuevo técnico del Necaxa para el Clausura 2022". ESPN México (in Spanish). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      31. "Leonardo Ramos deja de ser técnico de Querétaro tras derrota ante Puebla". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 8 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      32. "Querétaro: Hernán Cristante, nuevo Director Técnico de los Gallos Blancos". RÉCORD (in Spanish). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      33. "Santos lamenta despido de Caixinha y anuncia a Eduardo Fentanes como interino". TUDN (in Spanish). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      34. "Javier Aguirre, despedido de los Rayados de Monterrey tras perder ante San Luis". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 26 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      35. Méndez, Jessika (28 February 2022). "Hugo Castillo es anunciado como DT interino de Rayados y ve posible el ser campeón". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      36. "Santiago Solari es destituido del América". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
      37. "Víctor Manuel Vucetich, nuevo técnico de Rayados de Monterrey". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). 2 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
      38. Tovar, René (2 March 2022). "Oficial: Mazatlán cesa a Beñat San José como su director técnico". ESPN México (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 March 2022.
      39. Bárcena, Miguel (14 March 2022). "Gabriel Caballero es nuevo director técnico del Mazatlán FC". Marca Claro (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2022.
      40. "Marcelo Leaño deja de ser entrenador de Chivas". ESPN México (in Spanish). 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
      41. "Comunicado Oficial". chivasdecorazon.com.mx (in Spanish). 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
      42. "Ariel Holan renuncia como entrenador del León tras malos resultados". Marca Claro (in Spanish). 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
      43. "León anuncia como DT interino a Christian Martínez, el exportero fan del gimnasio". mediotiempo.com (in Spanish). 21 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
      44. "FIFA fine Mexican FA $109k after fans' anti-gay chanting". ESPN (in Spanish). 21 July 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
      45. "Reglamento de Competencia 2021–22" (PDF). ligamx.net. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
      46. "Queretaro-Atlas match in Liga MX suspended due to ugly fan violence", goal.com, 5 March 2022, retrieved 5 March 2022
      47. Aguila, Juan Pablo (5 March 2022). "Mensaje del Presidente Ejecutivo, Mikel Arriola". ligamx.net (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 March 2022.
      48. "Liga Expansión se jugará sin aficionados en los estadios en la Jornada 11". ligamx.net (in Spanish). 6 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
      49. "Atlas acaparó la gala del Balón de Oro en la Liga MX" (in Spanish). ESPN. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
      50. "Balón de Oro 2022 Liga MX: todos los ganadores y ganadoras a lo mejor fútbol mexicano" (in Spanish). MARCA. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
      51. Afición, La. "Liga MX. Éste será el castigo para últimos lugares del descenso". Grupo Milenio. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
      52. Liga MX
      53. Flores Aldana, Omar (24 May 2021). "Liga MX aprueba descuento para multas a los peores equipos de la porcentual". ESPN México (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 June 2021.
      54. Straus, Brian (14 April 2022). "MLS, Liga MX Won't Play Leagues Cup in 2022". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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