2023 Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship
The 2023 Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship was held from March 20 to 24 at the Moose Jaw Ford Curling Centre in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.[1] This was the first time the championship was held since 2019 as it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, 2021 and 2022.[2][3]
| 2023 Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship | |
|---|---|
| Host city | Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan |
| Arena | Moose Jaw Ford Curling Centre |
| Dates | March 20–24 |
| Winner |  Saskatchewan 1 |
| Curling club | Moose Jaw Ford CC, Moose Jaw |
| Skip | Gil Dash |
| Third | Marie Wright |
| Second | Darwin Bender |
| Lead | Moose Gibson |
| Coach | Lorraine Arguin |
| Finalist |  Northern Ontario (Dean) |
« 2019 2024 » | |
Teams
The teams are listed as follows:[4]
| Province / Territory | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Locale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Alberta 1 | Jack Smart | Martin Purvis | Terry Fowler | Wendy Frazier | Kendra Ohama | Garrison CC, Calgary |
| Alberta 2 | Don Kuchelyma | Stephan Vindis | Emma Nagel | Marie Laframboise | Avonair CC, Edmonton | |
 British Columbia | Gerry Austgarden | Ina Forrest | Rick Robinson | Glen McDonald | Kelowna/Vernon/Richmond | |
 New Brunswick | Michael Fitzgerald | Sarah Benevides | James O'Hara | Elaine Mazerolle | Thistle-St. Andrews CC, Saint John | |
 Newfoundland and Labrador | Cecilia Carroll | Felix Green | Katie Hubbard | – | St. John's CC, St. John's | |
| Northern Ontario | Douglas Dean | Gino Sonego | Rick Bell | Lola Graham | Fort William CC, Thunder Bay | |
 Nova Scotia | Laughie Rutt | Stephan Parfitt | Rose Pearle | Edie Lloyd | Ann White | Lakeshore CC, Lower Sackville |
 Ontario 1 | Jon Thurston | Collinda Joseph | Karl Allen | Chrissy Molnar | King CC, Schomberg | |
| Ontario 2 | Paul Grose | Tony Reynen | Jim Law | Shannon Wilcox | Jillian Hopkins | Ilderton CC, Ilderton |
 Quebec | Benoît Lessard | Carl Marquis | Johanne Mathieu | François Lacourse | CC Magog, Magog | |
| Saskatchewan 1 | Gil Dash | Marie Wright | Darwin Bender | Moose Gibson | Moose Jaw Ford CC, Moose Jaw | |
| Saskatchewan 2 | Rodney Pederson | Stewart McKeown | Sheryl Pederson | Russell Whitsitt | Moose Jaw Ford CC, Moose Jaw |
Round robin standings
Final Round Robin Standings[5]
| Key | |
|---|---|
| Teams to Championship Pool | |
|
|
Round robin results
All draws are listed in Central Time (UTC−05:00).[6]
Draw 1
Monday, March 20, 2:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
Nova Scotia (Rutt)  |
1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 5 |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | X | 9 |
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | EE | Final |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | EE | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 18 |
Draw 2
Monday, March 20, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | X | 6 |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 2 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | X | 4 |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | X | 8 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | X | X | 17 |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | X | 1 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | 8 |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | X | 3 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | X | 5 |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | X | 8 |
Draw 3
Tuesday, March 21, 2:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | 2 |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | X | 8 |
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 10 |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | X | 5 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 9 |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | 8 |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 2 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 3 |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | X | 7 |
Draw 4
Tuesday, March 21, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | X | 7 |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 4 |
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | X | 8 |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 3 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | X | 3 |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 8 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 1 |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | X | 12 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | X | 2 |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | X | X | 12 |
Draw 5
Wednesday, March 22, 2:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | X | 13 |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 1 |
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | X | 6 |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | 2 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 1 |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 7 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | X | 15 |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | X | 4 |
Seeding pool
Standings
Final Seeding Pool Standings
| Team | Skip | W | L | PF | PA | EW | EL | BE | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario 2 | Paul Grose | 5 | 3 | 63 | 40 | 35 | 21 | 1 | 21 |
| Saskatchewan 2 | Rodney Pederson | 5 | 3 | 54 | 49 | 31 | 27 | 0 | 17 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | Cecilia Carroll | 3 | 5 | 48 | 51 | 32 | 28 | 0 | 12 |
| New Brunswick | Michael Fitzgerald | 1 | 7 | 27 | 54 | 19 | 35 | 0 | 6 |
| Nova Scotia | Laughie Rutt | 1 | 7 | 36 | 69 | 21 | 34 | 0 | 6 |
| Alberta 2 | Don Kuchelyma | 1 | 7 | 28 | 86 | 18 | 38 | 1 | 7 |
Draw 6
Wednesday, March 22, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | X | 4 |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | X | 9 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | X | X | 11 |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | X | X | 2 |
Draw 7
Thursday, March 23, 2:00 pm
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | 9 |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 3 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 3 |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | X | 7 |
Draw 8
Thursday, March 23, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Newfoundland and Labrador (Carroll) |
2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | X | X | 8 |
| New Brunswick (Fitzgerald) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | X | 1 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Nova Scotia (Rutt) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | X | 1 |
| Alberta 2 (Kuchelyma) |
2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | X | X | 9 |
| Sheet 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 2 (Pederson) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | X | X | 4 |
| Ontario 2 (Grose) |
2 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | X | X | 12 |
Championship pool
Standings
Final Championship Pool Standings
| Key | |
|---|---|
| Teams to Playoffs | |
| Team | Skip | W | L | PF | PA | EW | EL | BE | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern Ontario | Douglas Dean | 7 | 1 | 61 | 40 | 31 | 28 | 0 | 13 |
| Saskatchewan 1 | Gil Dash | 6 | 2 | 71 | 33 | 32 | 24 | 2 | 12 |
| Alberta 1 | Jack Smart | 5 | 3 | 49 | 42 | 34 | 25 | 0 | 17 |
| British Columbia | Gerry Austgarden | 5 | 3 | 59 | 36 | 34 | 23 | 1 | 19 |
| Ontario 1 | Jon Thurston | 5 | 3 | 57 | 45 | 28 | 29 | 0 | 10 |
| Quebec | Benoît Lessard | 4 | 4 | 42 | 50 | 28 | 31 | 0 | 13 |
Draw 6
Wednesday, March 22, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | X | 9 |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | X | 4 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | X | 9 |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | 4 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | X | 8 |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | 2 |
Draw 7
Thursday, March 23, 2:00 pm
| Sheet 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | X | 4 |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 8 |
| Sheet 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | EE | Final |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | EE | Final |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 |
Draw 8
Thursday, March 23, 7:00 pm
| Sheet 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | X | X | 8 |
| Quebec (Lessard) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | X | 2 |
| Sheet 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| British Columbia (Austgarden) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 4 |
| Ontario 1 (Thurston) |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | X | 8 |
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | X | 4 |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | 7 |
Playoffs
| Semifinal | Final | ||||||||
| 1 | Northern Ontario
| 2 | |||||||
| 2 | Saskatchewan 1
| 8 | 2 | Saskatchewan 1
| 6 | ||||
| 3 | Alberta 1
| 2 | |||||||
Semifinal
Friday, March 24, 9:00 am
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | X | 8 |
| Alberta 1 (Smart) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 2 |
Final
Friday, March 24, 1:30 pm
| Sheet 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| Northern Ontario (Dean) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | 2 |
| Saskatchewan 1 (Dash) |
2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | X | 6 |
Final standings
| Place | Team |
|---|---|
 | Saskatchewan 1 |
 | Northern Ontario |
 | Alberta 1 |
| 4 | British Columbia |
| 5 | Ontario 1 |
| 6 | Quebec |
| 7 | Ontario 2 |
| 8 | Saskatchewan 2 |
| 9 | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| 10 | New Brunswick |
| 11 | Nova Scotia |
| 12 | Alberta 2 |
References
- "2023 Canadian Wheelchair Curling Championship". Curling Canada. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- "2022 & 2023 Wheelchair Curling Nationals". Curling Canada. December 22, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- "Pandemic forces cancellations". Curling Canada. January 28, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- "Teams". Curling Canada. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- "Standings". Curling Canada. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- "Draw Schedule" (PDF). Curling Canada. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
External links
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