226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski

226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski is a Jupiter family periodic comet with an orbital period of 7.3 years. It was discovered by Edward Pigott on 19 November 1783, but was subsequently lost, until it was recovered on 5 January 2003 by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR).[2] It will next come to perihelion on 27 December 2023 at about apparent magnitude 15.[3]

226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski

Comet 226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski on 8 September 2016 by NEOWISE
Discovery
Discovered by	Edward Pigott
Discovery date	19 November 1783
Designations
Alternative designations	P/1783 W1, P/2003 A1, P/2009 R2
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch	16 February 2017
Aphelion	5.764 AU
Perihelion	1.776 AU
Semi-major axis	3.770 AU
Eccentricity	0.529
Orbital period	7.32 years
Inclination	44.004°
Longitude of ascending node	54.007°
Argument of periapsis	341.12°
Last perihelion	5 September 2016
Next perihelion	2023-Dec-27
Earth MOID	0.818 AU
Jupiter MOID	0.075 AU
Comet total magnitude (M1)	11.9 [1]
Comet nuclear magnitude (M2)	15.6

The comet was discovered by English astronomer Edward Pigott from York, England, on 19 November 1783. The comet was located in the constellation of Cetus and he described it as a nebula with faint nucleus not visible in a good opera glass. He continued to follow the comet and noted that by 26 November it had dimmed. The comet was observed by Pierre Méchain on 26 November and Charles Messier the next day. Charles Messier mentioned that the comet was not visible to the naked eye, and described the comet as seen though a refractor as extremely faint nebulosity about 4 arcmin across with strong central condensation. The comet continued to dim and was last observed on 21 December 1783.[2] The initial orbits calculated assumed a parabolic orbit, but it didn't fit well enough the observed positions. An elliptical orbit was calculated by Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters in 1860 indicated an orbital period of 5.89 years.[2]

The comet was recovered on 5 January 2003 by LINEAR. It was thought originally that is was an asteroid but further observations showed it was diffuse, having a coma 8 arcseconds across. Its apparent magnitude was estimated to be 18.4 at discovery. It was named C/2003 A1.[4] During the next apparition the comet was recovered by Richard Kowalski of Catalina Sky Survey on 10 September 2009, with an apparent magnitude of around 18. The comet was then identified as the same comet as P/1783 W1 and 2003 A1.[5] During the 2016 apparition it brightened up to an apparent magnitude of 13.9.[6]