2MASS J21392676+0220226

2MASS J21392676+0220226 (or CFBDS J213926+02202) is a brown dwarf located 34 light-years (10 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Aquarius.[5] Its surface is thought to be host to a massive storm,[6] resulting in large variability of its color.[7] It is a member of the Carina-Near moving group.[2] This brown dwarf was discovered in the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS).

2MASS J21392676+0220226
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Aquarius
Right ascension 21h 39m 26.769s[1]
Declination +02° 20′ 22.70″[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type T1.5[2]
Apparent magnitude (J) 14.710[3]
Apparent magnitude (H) 14.16[1]
Apparent magnitude (K) 13.58[1]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−25.1±0.3[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 489.7±0.7 mas/yr[2]
Dec.: 125.0±0.8 mas/yr[2]
Parallax (π)96.5 ± 1.1 mas[2]
Distance33.8 ± 0.4 ly
(10.4 ± 0.1 pc)
Details
Mass14.6+3.2
−1.6[2] MJup
Radius1.17+0.02
−0.04[2] RJup
Surface gravity (log g)4.42+0.12
−0.06[2] cgs
Temperature1111+37
−42[2] K
Rotation7.614±0.178 h[4]
Age200±50[2] Myr
Other designations
CFBDS J213926+022023, 2MUCD 20912, WISEP J213927.09+022023.7
Database references
SIMBADdata

The clouds on this brown dwarf are modelled as patchy, high-altitude forsterite cloud above a deeper, optically thick iron cloud. The silicate clouds cover 75-91% of the surface of this brown dwarf.[8] An alternative model from around 2016 can explain the variability and atmosphere of this brown dwarf without clouds.[9]

Once thought to be a binary object based on a 2010 study,[10][11] it has since been shown to in fact be single.[12][13]

References
  1. Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
  2. Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; et al. (April 2021). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. V. New T-dwarf Members and Candidate Members of Nearby Young Moving Groups". The Astrophysical Journal. 911 (1): 7. arXiv:2102.05045. Bibcode:2021ApJ...911....7Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe3fa. S2CID 231861787.
  3. "2MASS J21392676+0220226". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  4. Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (2021), "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs", The Astronomical Journal, 161 (5): 224, arXiv:2103.01990, Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67, S2CID 232105126
  5. Andrew Fazekas. "Colossal Storm May Rage on Jupiter-like 'Failed Star'".
  6. Dean Praetorius. "Brown Dwarf May Be Host To Massive, Violent Mega Storm". The Huffington Post, 9/13/2011.
  7. Lew, Ben W. P.; Apai, Dániel; Zhou, Yifan; Radigan, Jacqueline; Marley, Mark; Schneider, Glenn; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Bedin, L. R.; Lowrance, Patrick J.; Burgasser, Adam J. (2020), "Cloud Atlas: Weak Color Modulations Due to Rotation in the Planetary-mass Companion GU PSC b and 11 Other Brown Dwarfs", The Astronomical Journal, 159 (3): 125, arXiv:1912.02812, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..125L, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5f59, S2CID 208637110
  8. Vos, Johanna M.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Alejandro, Sherelyn; Gonzales, Eileen; Calamari, Emily; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella; Visscher, Channon; Tan, Xianyu; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark; Gemma, Marina E.; Whiteford, Niall; Gaarn, Josefine; Park, Grace (2023-02-01). "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 944: 138. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acab58. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. Manjavacas, Elena; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Karalidi, Theodora; Vos, Johanna M.; Galloway, Max L.; Girard, Julien H. (2023-04-01). "Time-resolved Optical Polarization Monitoring of the Most Variable Brown Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 165: 181. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acc317. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. Burgasser, Adam J.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Cushing, Michael; Gelino, Christopher R.; Looper, Dagny L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill (2010). "SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low-Mass Binaries. I. Identification of Seventeen Candidate Binaries Straddling the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (2): 1142–1169. arXiv:0912.3808. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1142B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1142. S2CID 30729652.
  11. Reylé, Céline; Jardine, Kevin; Fouqué, Pascal; Caballero, Jose A.; Smart, Richard L.; Sozzetti, Alessandro (30 April 2021). "The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 650: A201. arXiv:2104.14972. Bibcode:2021A&A...650A.201R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140985. S2CID 233476431.
  12. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; et al. (March 2021). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. S2CID 227126954.
  13. Reylé, Céline; Jardine, Kevin; Fouqué, Pascal; Caballero, Jose A.; Smart, Richard L.; Sozzetti, Alessandro (6 February 2023), The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era: First update, arXiv:2302.02810, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7576096
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