449 BC
Year 449 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Third year of the decemviri and the Year of the Consulship of Potitus and Barbatus (or, less frequently, year 305 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 449 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| 449 BC by topic |
| Politics |
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| Gregorian calendar | 449 BC CDXLVIII BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 305 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXVII dynasty, 77 |
| - Pharaoh | Artaxerxes I of Persia, 17 |
| Ancient Greek era | 82nd Olympiad, year 4 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4302 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −1041 |
| Berber calendar | 502 |
| Buddhist calendar | 96 |
| Burmese calendar | −1086 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5060–5061 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 2248 or 2188 — to — 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 2249 or 2189 |
| Coptic calendar | −732 – −731 |
| Discordian calendar | 718 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −456 – −455 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3312–3313 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −392 – −391 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2652–2653 |
| Holocene calendar | 9552 |
| Iranian calendar | 1070 BP – 1069 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1103 BH – 1102 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 1885 |
| Minguo calendar | 2360 before ROC 民前2360年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1916 |
| Thai solar calendar | 94–95 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) −322 or −703 or −1475 — to — 阳水龙年 (male Water-Dragon) −321 or −702 or −1474 |
Events
Greece
- The Greek city-states make peace with the Persian Empire through the Peace of Callias, named after Callias II, the chief Greek ambassador to the Persian Court, an Athenian who is a brother-in-law of Cimon. Athens agrees to end its support for the Egyptian rebels still holding out in parts of the Nile Delta, while the Persians agree not to send ships of war into the Aegean Sea. Athens now effectively controls all the Greek city states in Ionia.
- Pericles begins a great building plan including the re-fortification of Athens main port Piraeus and its long walls extending to Athens main city.
- Pericles proposes a "Congress Decree" allowing the use of 9,000 talents to finance the massive rebuilding program of Athenian temples. This leads to a meeting ("Congress") of all Greek states in order to consider the question of rebuilding the temples destroyed by the Persians. The Congress fails because of Sparta's opposition.
- Pericles places the Athenian sculptor Phidias in charge of all the artistic aspects of his reconstruction program. Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, while the Athenian Senate commissions Callicrates to construct a temple to Athena Nike on the Acropolis.
- The Second Sacred War erupts between Athens and Sparta, when Sparta forcefully detaches Delphi from Phocis and renders it independent.
Rome
- The Law of the Twelve Tables (developed by the Decemvirates) is formally promulgated in 450 B.C. The Twelve Tables are literally drawn up on twelve ivory tablets which are posted in the Forum Romanum so that all Romans can read and know them.
- When the Decemvirate's term of office expires, the decemviri refuse to leave office or permit successors to take office. Appius Claudius Crassus is said to have made an unjust decision which would have forced a young woman named Verginia into prostitution, prompting her father to kill her. This leads to an uprising against the Decemvirate forcing the decemviri to resign their offices. The ordinary magistrates (magistratus ordinarii) are re-instituted. Appius Claudius is said to have committed suicide as a result of these events.
Literature
- Herodotus completes his History, which records the events concerning the Persian War.
Births
Deaths
- Appius Claudius Crassus, former decemvir (suicide)
References
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