49th Munich Security Conference

The 49th Munich Security Conference was held from 1 to 3 February 2013.[1] More than 400 senior politicians and business executives, as well as high-ranking military officials and security experts[2] from 90 countries attended the event. This included over 90 delegations, a dozen heads of state, 70 foreign and defence ministers,[3] ten US senators, five EU Commissioners, five German federal ministers and 60 members of the German Bundestag and an equal number of CEOs.[4] Some 700 journalists were accredited for the event.[5]

US Vice President Joe Biden at the 49th MSC

The conference focused on the European debt crisis, transatlantic relations, the crisis regions of Mali and the Middle East,[3] as well as energy security and cyber-terrorism.[6]

Opening speech

Federal Defence Minister Thomas de Maizière in his opening speech emphasized the role of the United States as a guarantor of European security. De Maizière stated that Europe "might not be the best conceivable partner of the US but the best possible".[7] He also called for better cooperation in the defence realm both within the EU as well as between EU and NATO.[3]

European debt crisis

The Euro crisis and the future of the European Union were the themes of the opening debate. German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble and Deutsche Bank CEO Anshu Jain expressed their conviction that the height of the crisis was over. Schäuble, however, warned against reducing the rescue efforts, and criticized the continuing insufficient regulation of the banking sector.[8] Jain described the consequences of demographic change in Europe as a serious impediment to growth and called for a liberalization of the labour market and a reform of the pension system.[9] In the debate, Spain's Foreign Minister José García-Margallo y Marfil considered growth and employment as key challenges for the future of Europe. An improvement to the competitiveness of EU states was suggested by Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė.[10]

Transatlantic relations

The second day of the conference focused on transatlantic relations. US Vice President Joe Biden provided for the first time[11] an outlook on the future foreign policy of the recently re-elected US President Barack Obama. Speaking about the importance of Europe, Biden stated that "Europe is the cornerstone of our commitment to the world and a catalyst for global cooperation" and called Europeans the "oldest friends and closest allies" of the US.[12] In this context he strongly pushed for the creation of a transatlantic free trade zone. Biden also announced improvements in US relations with Russia.[13] In his speech he emphasized the importance of cooperation between the two countries, but also noted existing differences on human rights, the Syrian conflict and the European Missile Defense System.[14] Biden urged Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to step down[15] and called on the international community to intervene in the country. However, he refused a military intervention on the part of his country.[16] The US Vice President offered direct negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program.[17]

Syria
Moaz al-Khatib, president of Syrian opposition, at 49th MSC

Unlike Biden, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov took an opposing position in regards to Syria.[15] He stated that his government continues to stand by the Syrian ruler Assad, and said that there would be future Russian support.[18] Despite the differences between the US and Russia on Syria, a first meeting between Lavrov and the head of the Syrian opposition, Moaz al-Khatib, came as a surprise during the conference.[19] Lavrov also invited al-Khatib to visit Moscow.[20] Moaz al-Khatib offered Bashar al-Assad and his aides safe passage out of the country in exchange for their resignations.[21]

Negotiations with Iran

In the debates on the final day of the conference, Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi expressed the willingness of his country to accept the US's negotiated bid[22] on the Iranian nuclear program, but imposed certain conditions.[23] Salehi's announcement was taken with skepticism,[22] due to previous statements that had remained without concrete consequences.[24] Unexpectedly fierce criticism of the Iranian policy was displayed throughout the conference debate by the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the German Bundestag, Ruprecht Polenz, including calling Iran a "nuclear policy wrong way driver".[24] At the security conference, outgoing Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak warned about "nuclear terrorism" and an end to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in the event that Iran gained possession of the nuclear bomb. Barak reiterated his country's determination to prevent Iran from building nuclear weapons.[25]

Cyber-security

A panel discussion on cyber-security was accompanied by reports of hacker attacks against Twitter and leading American newspapers.[26] In the course of the debate, Federal Interior Minister Hans-Peter Friedrich presented a bill on IT security stipulating operators of critical infrastructure to report hacker attacks. Friedrich stated that cyber-security had become a key issue of the 21st century.[27] European Commissioner Neelie Kroes also advocated the reporting of cyber attacks and referred to a future EU directive.[28] The Commissioner stressed the responsibility of each user to contribute to the security on the internet. Deutsche Telekom CEO Rene Obermann called upon affected companies to report cyber attacks, since the disclosure of security issues contributes significantly to their resolution.[29] Obermann stated that there were an average of 300,000 to 400,000 attacks daily on his company's networks.[28]

Further topics

Further topics of the conference included the future of the responsibility to protect,[30] digital diplomacy in the age of social media,[31] European defence policy[32] as well as security and stability in Southeast Europe and the Caucasus.[33]

See also

Munich Security Conference 2013 official website

References
  1. "1-3 February: The World looks towards Munich at Munich Security Conference 2013". European Union External Action. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  2. "Verhandelt oder tragt die Folgen" (in German). DIE WELT. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  3. Robert H. Reid, Geir Moulson (1 February 2013). "Germany: International cooperation in Mali could make it regional "anchor of stability"". Fox News. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  4. "Was bei der Sicherheitskonferenz besprochen wird" (in German). Handelsblatt. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  5. Herbert Reinke-Nobbe (2 February 2013). "Sicherheitskonferenz in München: Wo Politiker bei Rinderfilet über den Iran diskutieren" (in German). FOCUS. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  6. "Hntergrund: Themen und Teilnehmer der 49. Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz" (in German). ZEIT ONLINE. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  7. "De Maizière betont Bedeutung Europas für die USA" (in German). Der Tagessp. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  8. "Schäuble warnt vor Zurücklehnen in der Euro-Krise" (in German). Handelsblatt. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  9. Patrick Guyton (1 February 2013). "Schäuble und Jain warnen vor Zurücklehnen in der Euro-Krise" (in German). Der Tagesspiegel. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  10. "Strong and competitive EU is in Lithuania's interest". The Lithuania Tribune. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  11. Thorsten Jungholt, Clemens Wergin (2 February 2013). "USA und EU forcieren gigantische Freihandelszone" (in German). DIE WELT. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  12. "Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden to the Munich Security Conference". whitehouse.gov. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015 – via National Archives.
  13. Steven Beardsley (2 February 2013). "Biden calls Europe 'the cornerstone' of US foreign policy". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  14. "Weich im Auftritt, hart in der Sache" (in German). Handelsblatt. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  15. Conal Urquhart (2 February 2013). "US can talk to Iran, says Joe Biden". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  16. Eric Gujer (2 February 2013). "Washington bietet Iran Atom-Gespräche an" (in German). Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  17. Mariano Castillo (2 February 2013). "Biden: U.S. open to direct talks with Iran". CNN. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  18. "Syriens Opposition punktet auf Konferenz" (in German). ZEIT ONLINE. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  19. "Syrian opposition chief, Russian minister meet, state news agency reports". CNN. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  20. Steven Beardsley (3 February 2013). "Leaders grapple over what to do about Syria". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  21. Yousaf, Farooq (May 31, 2013). "Aiding Syrian Opposition Could Be Harmful". Sharnoff's Global Views. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  22. Jay Solomon (3 February 2013). "Iran Says It Is Set for Nuclear Talks, but West Is Skeptical". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  23. "Iran signalisiert Bereitschaft zu Gesprächen mit USA" (in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  24. "Polenz nennt Iran nuklearpolitischen Geisterfahrer" (in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  25. "Israel's Barak warns against a nuclear-armed Iran". Deutsche Welle. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  26. Rory Cellan-Jones (2 February 2013). "Twitter: Hackers target 250,000 users". BBC. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  27. "Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz" (in German). Bundesministerium des Innern. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  28. "EU will Meldepflicht für Finanzfirmen bei Cyber-Attacken" (in German). REUTERS DEUTSCHLAND. 3 February 2013. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  29. "Cyber-Attacken häufen sich eklatant" (in German). N24. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  30. "The new Norm in Responsibility to Protect". International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect. 4 February 2015. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  31. "Ministers Bildt and Sikorski at the Munich Security Conference". Embassy of Sweden, Warsaw. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  32. Svetla Stoyanova. "Gemeinsam Erfolg haben oder einzeln scheitern?". e-politik.de (in German). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  33. "Verteidigungsminister Darabos bei Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz" (in German). Wiener Zeitung. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
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