50 yen coin

The 50 yen coin (五十円硬貨, Gojū-en kōka) is a denomination of Japanese yen. These coins were first minted in 1955, and concurrently circulated alongside a banknote denomination of the same amount. 50 yen notes were eventually pulled from circulation shortly before the center of the 50 yen coin was holed. The first yen coins were made of pure nickel and slightly larger than the ones used today. Changes to the 50 yen coin were made in response to events surrounding the 100 yen coin. The public wanted a different looking 50 yen coin while the mint wanted to stay consistent with the material used to make the coins. The current design was first minted in 1967 using Cupronickel rather than pure nickel.[1] The 50 yen coin continues to be minted for commerce, and is a collectible among hobbyists.

This article is about the current 50 yen coin. For the former 50 yen banknote, see 50 yen note.
Fifty yen
Japan
Value50 Japanese yen
Mass4 g
Diameter21 mm
Shapecircular
Center hole diameter4 mm
CompositionCupronickel
Years of minting1967–present
Obverse
DesignChrysanthemum
Design date1967
Reverse
Design"50" in Arabic numerals
Design date1967

History

The first 50 yen coins were released in 1955 featuring a chrysanthemum flower viewed from the side on the reverse, and a stylized ancient weight on the obverse. These unholed coins had a diameter of 25 mm, and were made of pure nickel.[2] For a brief time the final "B series" of the 50 yen note circulated concurrently with the newly issued coins until the notes were pulled from circulation in 1958.[3] Three different designs were used for the 50 yen coin which included adding a hole in the center, and reducing the coin's size. The decision to hole the center of the coin came with a new design in 1959 due to public protest. Problems with the first 50 yen coin centered around its similarity to the 100 yen coin as both coins had similar designs at the time, and neither had perforated edges.[4] This new holed design dropped the stylized weight on the obverse, and shows a chrysanthemum flower viewed from above on the reverse. Coin production then declined in 1960 with only 6,000,000 struck, making it the lowest circulating date during Shōwa's reign.[2][5]

This second design lasted until 1967, when the metallurgy was changed to cupronickel in response to the replacement of silver on the 100 yen coin that same year.[6] During this time the overall diameter, and weight of the coin was reduced including the central hole.[lower-alpha 1] The obverse was redesigned to feature 3 small flowers rather than an overhead view of a chrysanthemum flower. Coins continued to be minted for circulation throughout Shōwa's reign with the exception of 1987, when they were confined to mint sets only.[7] According to the Japanese mint, no 50 yen coins were made during Shōwa's last year of reign as the molds needed to make coins for Akihito had already begun.[8] The mint also stated that they do not produce all 6 coin denominations at once as the need depends on a manufacturing plan. Denominations of 1, 5, 10, and 500 yen had been given priority over 50 and 100 yen coins.[8]

Production of the 50 yen coin started out strong during the first years of the Heisei era with mintage figures in the hundreds of millions. These numbers fell off sharply in the late 2000s in response to the rising use of electronic money.[9] By 2010 to 2013, (year 22 to 25) the 50 yen coin was confined to proof sets rather than for circulation.[10] Mintage figures recovered afterwards except for Akihito's last year of reign that saw a mintage of only 1,118,000 coins.[5][9] Regular production of 50 yen coins continued until 2022, when they were again confined to mint sets only rather than circulation. The 50 yen coin continues to be produced as the 3rd highest currently circulating coin denomination of yen. These coins also share being one of only two holed denominations along with the 5 yen coin.

Designs
Image Minted Diameter Weight Composition Hole
1955–1958 25 mm 5g 100% nickel None
1959–1966 25 mm 5g 100% nickel 6 mm
1967– 21 mm[4] 4g[4] 75% copper, 25% nickel[1] 4 mm[4]

Circulation figures

Shōwa

The following are circulation dates which cover Emperor Hirohito's reign. The dates below correspond with the 30th to the 64th year (last) of his reign. When these coins were first made they were larger than the present form and used Kanji script to represent the date. The current smaller fifty yen coin dates to 1967 (year 42) when Arabic numerals were used to reflect the emperor's year of reign (date). Coins for this period will all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa).

  • Japanese coins are read with a left to right format:
"Emperors name" → "Number representing year of reign" → "Year" (Ex: 昭和 → 50 → 年).
Year of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Mintage[5][lower-alpha 2]
30th 三十 1955 63,700,000
31st 三十一 1956 91,300,000
32nd 三十二 1957 39,000,000
33rd 三十三 1958 18,000,000
34th 三十四 1959 23,900,000
35th 三十五 1960 6,000,000
36th 三十六 1961 16,000,000
37th 三十七 1962 50,300,000
38th 三十八 1963 55,000,000
39th 三十九 1964 69,200,000
40th 四十 1965 189,300,000
41st 四十一 1966 171,500,000
42nd N/A 1967 238,400,000
43rd 1968 200,000,000
44th 1969 210,900,000
45th 1970 269,800,000
46th 1971 80,950,000
47th 1972 138,980,000
48th 1973 200,970,000
49th 1974 470,000,000
50th 1975 238,120,000
51st 1976 241,880,000
52nd 1977 176,000,000
53rd 1978 234,000,000
54th 1979 110,000,000
55th 1980 51,000,000
56th 1981 179,000,000
57th 1982 30,000,000
58th 1983 30,000,000
59th 1984 29,850,000
60th 1985 10,150,000
61st 1986 9,960,000
62nd 1987 775,000[lower-alpha 3]
63rd 1988 109,112,000

Heisei

The following are circulation dates during the reign of Emperor Akihito. who was crowned in 1989. The dates below correspond with the 1st to the 31st year (last) of his reign. First year of reign coins are marked with a 元 symbol (first) as a one year type. Aside from his first year of reign, every fifty yen coin minted during the Heisei period uses Arabic numerals for a date. These coins begin with the Japanese symbol 平成 (Heisei).

  • Japanese coins are read with a left to right format:
"Emperors name" → "Number representing year of reign" → "Year" (Ex: 平成 → 13 → 年).
Year of reign Gregorian date Mintage[5][lower-alpha 2]
1st (元) 1989 245,000,000
2nd 1990 274,953,000
3rd 1991 209,120,000
4th 1992 49,130,000
5th 1993 51,240,000
6th 1994 65,767,000
7th 1995 111,874,000
8th 1996 82,213,000
9th 1997 150,086,000
10th 1998 100,612,000
11th 1999 59,120,000
12th 2000 7,026,000
13th 2001 8,024,000
14th 2002 11,667,000
15th 2003 10,406,000
16th 2004 9,903,000
17th 2005 10,029,000
18th 2006 10,594,000
19th 2007 9,904,000
20th 2008 8,811,000
21st 2009 5,003,000
22nd 2010 510,000[lower-alpha 3]
23rd 2011 456,000[lower-alpha 3]
24th 2012 659,000[lower-alpha 3]
25th 2013 554,000[lower-alpha 3]
26th 2014 7,538,000
27th 2015 47,004,000
28th 2016 46,064,000
29th 2017 20,927,000
30th 2018 56,960,000
31st 2019 1,118,000

Reiwa

The following are circulation dates in the reign of the current Emperor. Naruhito's accession to the Crysanthemum Throne took place on May 1, 2019 and he was formally enthroned on October 22, 2019. Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 令和 (Reiwa). The inaugural year coin (2019) was marked 元 (first) and debuted during the summer of that year.[11]

  • Japanese coins are read with a left to right format:
"Emperors name" → "Number representing year of reign" → "Year" (Ex: 令和 → 2 → 年).
Year of reign Gregorian date Mintage[5][lower-alpha 2]
1st (元) 2019 42,502,000
2nd 2020 58,428,000
3rd 2021 9,133,000
4th 2022 574,000[lower-alpha 3]
5th 2023 TBD

Collecting

All nickel based 50 yen coins minted prior to 1967 are now rarely seen in circulation.[4] Collectors over time eventually took notice of key dates such as 1960 (year 35) as only 6 million of these coins were struck. It was reported by 1972 that a coin collecting boom had caused coin shortages in the country. During this time, coins minted in 1960 were listed for as much as 5,000 yen ($19 USD[lower-alpha 4]) a coin.[13] The old nickel based coins may have also been taken out of circulation in response to the rising price of nickel bullion. Low mintage coins returned again towards the end of end of Emperor Shōwa's reign, with 1987 (year 62) dated coins confined to special proof sets.[7] Coins dated 2010 to 2013 (year 22 to 25) under Emperor Akihito were also minted in very small numbers as they were confined to sets as well rather than for circulation.[10] Some of these more recent coins have found their way into circulation and sell for many times their face value regardless of their condition.[14] During the last year of Akihito's reign only 1,118,000 coins were struck for the 50 yen piece. It was reported that collectors and the public alike kept year 31 (2019) coins of all denominations as "Heisei Memorials".[15] Error coins such as examples missing the center hole are also popular with collectors and trade at high prices.[16]

Notes
  1. 50 yen coin changes in 1967 include a reduction in diameter from 25 to 21 mm, and a weight change from 5 grams to 4. The size of the center hole was also reduced from 6 mm in diameter to 4.
  2. Mintages on the Japan Mint website are in thousands
  3. These coins were sold exclusively in mint sets.[7][10]
  4. Adjusted for inflation the amount exceeded $100 (USD).[12]

References
  1. "Operations Coins Currently Minted: Japan Mint". Japan Mint. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  2. Annual Report of the Director of the United States Mint (1960). United States. Bureau of the Mint. 1960. p. 115.
  3. "List of "B series" bank notes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  4. "Why the 50-yen coin has a hole and other fun facts about Japanese coins". Japan Today. December 1, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  5. "年銘別貨幣製造枚数【令和4年銘】" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Mint. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  6. "Circulating Coin Designs". Japan Mint. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  7. "昭和62年50円の価値は？相場と高価買取が期待できる業者もご紹介". Kosenkaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  8. "Rare value? A flood of applications for "2019" currency! Surprising fact of "Showa 64" heard from the Mint". FNN (in Japanese). Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  9. "¥50, ¥100 coin designs unchanged for half century". The Japan Times. January 6, 2017. Archived from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  10. Ryota Ito. "小銭の中でも高値で取引されるレアモノ硬貨とは？価値や見分け方". All About hobby (in Japanese). Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  11. "Reiwa coins to debut summer 2019".
  12. "Calculate the value of $19 in 1973". Dollar Times. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  13. "Japan Report". Japan Information Center, Consulate General of Japan. 1973.
  14. "50円硬貨の買取価格とおすすめ買取業者について". Kosenkaitori (in Japanese). Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  15. "新元号変更、平成31年硬貨にプレミアはつくのか？". Moneylab. March 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  16. "【保存版】50円硬貨の価値はいくら？買取価格＆平均相場《全3種類》". kosen-kantei. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
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