7P/Pons–Winnecke

7P/Pons–Winnecke (also known as Comet Pons–Winnecke) is a periodic Jupiter-family comet with a six-year orbit. Early calculations for the 1921 apparition suggested that the orbit of the comet might collide with Earth in June, but observations on 10 April ruled out an impact.[1] It made a very close approach to Earth in June 1927.[7] The outward migration of perihelion created impressive meteor showers in 1916, 1921 and 1927.[8]

7P/Pons–Winnecke
Contemporary 1921 illustration of Pons–Winnecke comet[1]
Discovery
Discovered byJean Louis Pons &
Friedrich Winnecke
Discovery dateJune 12, 1819 &
March 9, 1858
Designations
1858 E1, 1858 II, 1819 III,
1927c, 1933b, 1939c,
1945a, 1951c, 1964b,
1970b, 1976f, 1983b,
1989g
Orbital characteristics
Epoch2023-02-25[2]
Aphelion5.59 AU
Perihelion1.233 AU
Semi-major axis3.41 AU
Eccentricity0.6385
Orbital period6.30 yrs
Inclination22.373°
Last perihelionMay 27, 2021[2]
January 30, 2015[3]
September 26, 2008
Next perihelion2027-Aug-25[4][5]
Earth MOID0.24 AU (36 million km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions5.2 km[6]
Perihelion distance
at different epochs[5]
EpochPerihelion
(AU)
18190.77
18750.83
18860.89
18980.92
19090.97
19211.04
19331.10
19891.26
20271.13
20390.982
20620.847

The next perihelion passage is 25 August 2027[4] when the comet will have a solar elongation of 63 degrees. The last perihelion passage was 27 May 2021 when the comet had a solar elongation of 107 degrees at approximately apparent magnitude 11.[3] It passed 0.44 AU (66 million km) from Earth on 12 June 2021. Before that it came to perihelion on 30 January 2015[3] with a solar elongation of 24 degrees.[9]

Jean Louis Pons (Marseille) originally discovered the comet on 12 June 1819, it was later rediscovered by Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Bonn) on 9 March 1858. It is the parent body of the June Bootids of late June.

7P has an orbital period of 6.3 years. It currently has a perihelion of 1.2 AU (outside the orbit of Earth) and an aphelion of 5.6 AU (past the orbit of Jupiter). It passed within 0.04 AU (6.0 million km; 16 LD) of Earth in June 1927, and 0.1 AU (15 million km) in 1939;[6] but it will not come as close in the 21st century. A close approach to Jupiter in July 2037[6] will drop perihelion to 0.982 AU, and by 2062 perihelion will be further reduced to 0.85 AU.[5]

7P/Pons–Winnecke closest Earth approach on 2062-Jun-12[6]
Date & time of
closest approach		 Earth distance
(AU)		 Sun distance
(AU)		 Velocity
wrt Earth
(km/s)		 Velocity
wrt Sun
(km/s)		 Uncertainty
region
(3-sigma)		 Reference
2062-Jun-12 18:25 ± 10 min0.1676 AU (25.07 million km; 15.58 million mi; 65.2 LD)0.8499 AU (127.14 million km; 79.00 million mi; 330.8 LD)16.342.5± 312 kmHorizons

The comet nucleus is estimated at about 5.2 km in diameter.[6]

Proposed exploration

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory proposed a flyby of the comet with a flight spare of Mariner 4 with the closest approach taking place in 1969.[10] The probe was instead used for a Venus flyby as Mariner 5.[10]

References
  1. Popular Science July 1921
  2. "7P/Pons-Winnecke". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  3. Seiichi Yoshida (2013-12-14). "7P/Pons-Winnecke". Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog. Retrieved 2014-10-29.
  4. "Horizons Batch for 7P/Pons-Winnecke (90000167) on 2027-Aug-25" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive). JPL Horizons. Retrieved 2022-06-15. (JPL#24/Soln.date: 2021-Dec-20)
  5. Kinoshita, Kazuo (2016-07-31). "7P/Pons-Winnecke past, present and future orbital elements". Comet Orbit. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  6. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7P/Pons-Winnecke" (last observation:2014-03-28). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
  7. "Record Close Comet Distances from Earth".
  8. Kronk, Gary W. "7P/Pons-Winnecker". Retrieved 2019-03-05. (Cometography Home Page)
  9. "Elements and Ephemeris for 7P/Pons-Winnecke". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 2014-10-29. Retrieved 2014-10-29. (0007P)
  10. Ulivi, Paolo; Harland, David M (2007). Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982. Springer. p. 57-58. ISBN 9780387493268.
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