838th Bombardment Squadron

The 838th Bombardment Squadron was a United States Army Air Forces unit. It was activated in September 1943. After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations , where it engaged in combat with Consolidated B-24 Liberators. In the summer of 1944, it was withdrawn from combat to convert to the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, then continued in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany with the 487th Bombardment Group until the spring of 1945. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to Drew Field, Florida, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

838th Bombardment Squadron
838th Bombardment Squadron B-17G Flying Fortress[lower-alpha 1]
Active1943–1945
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleHeavy bomber
Part ofEighth Air Force
EngagementsEuropean Theater of Operations
Insignia
Squadron fuselage code[1]"""2C

History
Squadron B-24 Liberator[lower-alpha 2]

The 838th Bombardment Squadron was activated at Bruning Army Air Field, Nebraska on 20 September 1943 as one of the original squadrons of the 487th Bombardment Group. The squadron trained with Consolidated B-24 Liberators until March 1944, when it departed for the European Theater of Operations.[2][3] The ground echelon left Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 10 March 1944 for the port of embarkation at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, sailing on the SS Duchess of Bedford and arrived in Great Britain on 3 April. The air echelon departed via the southern ferry route on 23 March.[4]

The squadron arrived at RAF Lavenham, its base in England, on 4 April 1944, with the air echelon arriving between 13 and 17 April. The 838th entered combat on 7 May 1944,[4] bombing airfields in Normandy in preparation for Operation Overlord. During the landings, the squadron struck coastal defenses, road junctions, bridges and rolling stock. It supported British troops near Caen by attacking German troops and artillery redoubts and made similar attacks to support troops assaulting Brest. It provided support for Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize bridgeheads across the Rhine River near Arnhem and Nijmegen in the Netherlands.[3]

Because of its involvement with tactical operations, the squadron engaged in only limited strategic operations through August 1944. On 19 July 1944, the squadron was taken off combat operations, along with other units of the 92d Combat Bombardment Wing, to convert from the Liberator to the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, in a move that would transform the 3d Bombardment Division to an all Flying Fortress organization.[5][4] After completing the transition to the B-17 on 1 August 1944,[4] the unit began to focus on strategic targets until March 1945. It attacked oil refineries in Merseburg, Mannheim and Dulmen; factories in Nuremberg, Hanover and Berlin; and marshalling yards in Köln, Münster, Hamm and Neumunster.[3]

The squadron was diverted from the strategic bombing campaign to support ground troops during the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945. It also flew interdiction missions during the Allied crossings of the Rhine and final thrust across Germany.[3] It flew its last combat mission on 21 April 1945.[4]

The squadron remained in England after V-E Day. The air echelon began to fly their B-17s back to the United States in the last week of July, while the rest of the unit returned to the United States on the RMS Queen Elizabeth in August.[4] It reassembled at Drew Field, Florida in September and was inactivated there on 7 November 1945.[2]

Lineage
  • Constituted as the 838th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 September 1943
Activated on 20 September 1943
Redesignated 838th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. 1944
Inactivated on 7 November 1945[2]

Assignments
  • 487th Bombardment Group, 20 September 1943 – 7 November 1945[2]

Stations
  • Bruning Army Air Field, Nebraska, 20 September 1943
  • Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 15 December 1943 – 10 March 1944
  • RAF Lavenham (AAF-137),[6] England, 4 April 1944 – 26 August 1945
  • Drew Field, Florida, 3 September – 7 November 1945[7]

Aircraft
  • Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1944
  • Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944–1945[2]

Campaigns
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe4 April 1944 – 5 June 1944[2]
Air Combat, EAME Theater4 April 1944 – 11 May 1945[2]
Normandy6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944[2]
Northern France25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944[2]
Rhineland15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945[2]
Ardennes-Alsace16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945[2]
Central Europe22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945[2]

See also

References

Notes
Explanatory notes
  1. Aircraft is Boeing B-17G-75-BO Flying Fortress, serial 43-37981, 2C-B, Pleasure Bent.
  2. Aircraft is Ford Motors built Consolidated B-24H-15-FO, serial 42-52746, 2C-O, Ready Betty. Baugher, Joe (14 May 2023). "1942 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
Citations
  1. Watkins, p. 112
  2. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 776
  3. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 357–358
  4. Freeman, p. 260
  5. Freeman, p. 172
  6. Station number in Anderson, p. 21.
  7. Station information in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 776, except as noted.

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

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