1241
Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1241 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1241 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1241 MCCXLI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1994 |
| Armenian calendar | 690 ԹՎ ՈՂ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5991 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1162–1163 |
| Bengali calendar | 648 |
| Berber calendar | 2191 |
| English Regnal year | 25 Hen. 3 – 26 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1785 |
| Burmese calendar | 603 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6749–6750 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 3937 or 3877 — to — 辛丑年 (Metal Ox) 3938 or 3878 |
| Coptic calendar | 957–958 |
| Discordian calendar | 2407 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1233–1234 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5001–5002 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1297–1298 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1162–1163 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4341–4342 |
| Holocene calendar | 11241 |
| Igbo calendar | 241–242 |
| Iranian calendar | 619–620 |
| Islamic calendar | 638–639 |
| Japanese calendar | Ninji 2 (仁治２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1150–1151 |
| Julian calendar | 1241 MCCXLI |
| Korean calendar | 3574 |
| Minguo calendar | 671 before ROC 民前671年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −227 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1783–1784 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 1367 or 986 or 214 — to — 阴金牛年 (female Iron-Ox) 1368 or 987 or 215 |
Events
- March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.[1][2]
- April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.[3][4]
- April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.[5][6]
- May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.[7][8]
- May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.[9]
- Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into the Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.[10][11]
- August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.[12][13]
- September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.[14][15]
- October 25 – Pope Celestine IV succeeds Pope Gregory IX, as the 179th pope.[16][17]
- Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.[18][19]
- Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.[20][21]
- The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.[22]
Births
- September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)[23][24]
- Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290)[25]
- Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1286)[26]
Deaths
- March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain[27]
- March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)[28][29]
- March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania[30][31]
- April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland[32][33][34]
- April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
- Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal[35]
- Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman[36]
- Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa (b. c. 1190)[37]
- Gregory, Bishop of Győr[37]
- Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia[35]
- James, Bishop of Nyitra[37]
- Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury[35]
- Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)[37]
- Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania[37]
- Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary[35]
- June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria[38][39]
- August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184)[40][41]
- August 22 – Pope Gregory IX[42][43]
- September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop[44]
- September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)[14][15]
- September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet[45][46]
- November 10 – Pope Celestine IV[47][48]
- December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)[49][50]
- Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi[51]
- Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200)[52]
- Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman[35]
- Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr[53]
- Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208)[54]
- Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185)[55][56]
- Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239)[57][58]
References
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- Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. London and New York: Routledge. p. 310. ISBN 9781135954949.
- Britannica Educational Publishing (2011). War on Land. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 9781615307524.
- Jackson, Peter (2014). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. London and New York: Routledge. p. 63. ISBN 9781317878995.
- May, Timothy (2016). The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 102–104. ISBN 9781610693400.
- Eggenberger, David (2012). An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. New York: Courier Corporation. p. 280. ISBN 9780486142012.
- Stanton, Charles D. (2015). Medieval Maritime Warfare. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword. p. 128. ISBN 9781781592519.
- Whalen, Brett Edward (2019). The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 9780812296129.
- Keenan, Desmond (2010). Ireland 1170-1509, Society and History. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation. p. 443. ISBN 9781453584316.
- Cope, Tim (2013). On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads. London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: A&C Black. pp. 487–488. ISBN 9781408825051.
- Trawinski, Allan (2017). The Clash of Civilizations. New York: Page Publishing Inc. ISBN 9781635687125.
- Stephenson, David (2019). Medieval Wales c.1050-1332: Centuries of Ambiguity. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 19. ISBN 9781786833877.
- Breverton, Terry (2017). Owen Tudor: Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445654195.
- Ruud, Jay (2006). Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts on File. p. 593. ISBN 0-8160-5497-5.
- Wanner, Kevin J. (2008). Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia. Toronto, Buffalo, NY and London: University of Toronto Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780802098016.
- of Sarrant, Arnald (2010). Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor. Translated by Noel Muscat. Malta: Ordo Fratrum Minorum.
- Bartlett, Robert (2001). Medieval Panorama. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. p. 314. ISBN 9780892366422.
- Murray, Julia K. (2014). "Confucian Iconography". In Lagerwey, John; Marsone, Pierre (eds.). Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vols): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 815. ISBN 9789004271647.
- Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland (2003). Cua, Antonio S. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. New York, London: Routledge. p. 903. ISBN 9781135367480.
- Miljan, Toivo (2015). Historical Dictionary of Estonia. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9780810875135.
- Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. Vol. II. London and New York: Routledge. p. 933. ISBN 9781579580414.
- "Universidad de Valladolid".
- Robertson, E. William (1862). Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the 13th Century. Vol. II. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas. p. 33.
- Dalrymple, Sir David (1819). Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI, to which are Added, Tracts Relative to the History and Antiquities of Scotland. Vol. I. Edinburgh: A. Constable. p. 16.
- Cockerill, Sara (2014). Eleanor of Castile: The Shadow Queen. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445636054.
- Carlquist, Erik; Hogg, Peter C.; Österberg, Eva (2011). The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden. Lund, Sweden: Nordic Academic Press. p. 238. ISBN 9789185509577.
- István Vásáry (March 24, 2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-139-44408-8.
- Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005). Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 82. ISBN 9781402725920.
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- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 411. ISBN 9780521815390.
1241 Pousa transylvania.
- Sălăgean, Tudor (2016). Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 9789004311343.
- Bretschneider, E. (1876). Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. London: Trübner & Company. p. 87.
- Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 164. ISBN 9781576070918.
1241 Henry II Poland.
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- Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 251, 256, 269, 364, 451. ISBN 963-208-970-7.
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- Font, Márta; Barabás, Gábor (2019). Coloman, King of Galicia and Duke of Slavonia (1208–1241): Medieval Central Europe and Hungarian Power. Amsterdam University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-164-1890-24-3.
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