Actinopus

Actinopus
	Actinopus pusilus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Mygalomorphae
Family:	Actinopodidae
Genus:	Actinopus; Perty, 1833[1]
Type species
	A. tarsalis; Perty, 1833
Species
	97, see text
Synonyms[1]
	Aussereria Holmberg, 1881[2]; Closterochilus Ausserer, 1871[3]; Pachyloscelis Lucas, 1834[4]; Theragretes Ausserer, 1871[3];

Actinopus is a genus of mygalomorph spiders in the family Actinopodidae. It was first described by Josef Anton Maximilian Perty in 1833 from the type species Actinopus tarsalis found in Brazil.[5][6] The name is derived from Greek actin- "ray, beam" and pous "foot".[5] It is a senior synonym of Aussereria, Closterochilus, Pachyloscelis, and Theragretes.[2][3][4]

The few reported bites from Brazil resulted in no symptoms, indicating that they can deliver dry bites or small amounts of venom.[7] However, they should be treated with caution due to some reports of bites causing local pain and muscle contractions.[8] These spider also have a low venom yield, Actinopus crassipes for example has a mean venom yield of 0.09 mg.[9]

Species

As of January 2023 it contains 97 species:[1]

A. anselmoi Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. apalai Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. apiacas Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. argenteus Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. ariasi Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. azaghal Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. balcarce Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. bocaina Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. buritiensis Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. candango Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. caraiba (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela
A. castelo Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. casuhati Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. caxiuana Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. clavero Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. coboi Ríos-Tamayo, 2019 – Uruguay
A. cochabamba Ríos-Tamayo, 2016 – Bolivia
A. concinnus Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Venezuela
A. confusus Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. cordobensis Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. cornelli Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. coylei Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. crassipes (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
A. cucutaensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil
A. dioi Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. dubiomaculatus Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brazil
A. ducke Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. echinus Mello-Leitão, 1949 – Brazil
A. emas Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. excavatus Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. fernandezi Ríos-Tamayo, 2019 – Uruguay
A. fractus Mello-Leitão, 1920 – Brazil
A. gerschiapelliarum Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Uruguay, Argentina
A. goloboffi Ríos-Tamayo, 2014 – Argentina
A. guajara Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. harti Pocock, 1895 – Trinidad
A. harveyi Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. hirsutus Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. indiamuerta Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. insignis (Holmberg, 1881) – Uruguay, Argentina
A. ipioca Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. itacolomi Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. itapitocai Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. itaqui Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. jaboticatubas Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. jamari Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. laventana Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Uruguay, Argentina
A. liodon (Ausserer, 1875) – Uruguay
A. lomalinda Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Colombia, Guyana
A. longipalpis C. L. Koch, 1842 – Uruguay, Argentina
A. magnus Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. mairinquensis Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. mesa Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) – Brazil
A. nigripes (Lucas, 1834) – Brazil
A. obidos Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. osbournei Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. palmar Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. pampa Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. pampulha Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. panguana Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Peru
A. parafundulus Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. paraitinga Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. paranensis Mello-Leitão, 1920 – Brazil
A. patagonia Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. pertyi Lucas, 1843 – South America
A. piceus (Ausserer, 1871) – Brazil
A. pindapoy Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Argentina
A. pinhao Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. princeps Chamberlin, 1917 – Brazil
A. puelche Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Uruguay, Argentina
A. pusillus Mello-Leitão, 1920 – Brazil
A. ramirezi Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. reycali Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. reznori Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. robustus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892) – Panama
A. rojasi (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela
A. rufibarbis Mello-Leitão, 1930 – Brazil
A. rufipes (Lucas, 1834) – Brazil
A. scalops (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela
A. septemtrionalis Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. simoi Ríos-Tamayo, 2019 – Uruguay
A. szumikae Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. taragui Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 – Argentina
A. tarsalis Perty, 1833 – Brazil
A. tasneemae (Sherwood & Pett, 2022) – Paraguay
A. tetymapyta (Sherwood & Pett, 2022) – Paraguay
A. trinotatus Mello-Leitão, 1938 – Brazil
A. tutu Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. urucui Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. uruguayense Ríos-Tamayo, 2019 – Uruguay
A. utinga Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. valencianus (Simon, 1889) – Venezuela
A. vilhena Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil
A. wallacei F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 – Brazil
A. xenus Chamberlin, 1917 – South America
A. xingu Miglio, Pérez-Miles & Bonaldo, 2020 – Brazil

Formerly included:

A. bonneti (Zapfe, 1961) (Transferred to Plesiolena)
A. gracilis (Hentz, 1842) (Transferred to Antrodiaetus)

References

"Gen. Actinopus Perty, 1833". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2021. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
Simon, E. (1892). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome premier. Roret, Paris. pp. 1–256. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 1–180.
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1896). "On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship "Faraday" up the river Amazons". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 64 (3): 716–766. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1896.tb03076.x. hdl:2027/coo.31924018549828.
Perty, M. (1833), "Arachnides Brasilienses.", in de Spix, J. B.; Martius, F. P. (eds.), Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Braziliam ann., Monachii [München/Munich], pp. 191–209
Miglio, Laura Tavares; Lucas, Sylvia M.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2012). "On the identity of the type species of Actinopus tarsalis (Araneae: Actinopodidae)". Zoologia (Curitiba Impresso). 29 (4): 375–379. doi:10.1590/S1984-46702012000400009. S2CID 85091548.
Lucas, Sylvia M.; Da Silva, Jr., P. I.; Bertani, R.; Cardoso, J. L. Costa; et al. (1994-05-04). "Mygalomorph Spider Bites: A Report on 91 Cases in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
Mullen, Gary R.; Durden, Lance A. (2009-04-22). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-091969-0.
Bücherl, Wolfgang; Buckley, Eleanor E. (2013-09-24). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Invertebrates. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-6289-5.

Actinopus

Species

See also

References

Further reading