Aeridinae

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer (formerly Sarcanthinae) is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

Aeridinae
Aerides falcata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Pfitzer (1887)[1]
Type genus
Aerides Lour.
Genera

See text

Synonyms[2][3][1]

Sarcanthinae Benth. (1881) Vandinae Rchb.f. (1851) Deceptorinae Szlach. (1995) Diplocentrinae Szlach. (1995) Gastrochilinae Szlach. (1995) Pelatantheriinae Szlach. (1995) Phalaenopsidinae Szlach. (1995) Taeniophyllinae Szlach. (1995)

This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae,[3] and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire rostellum, a relatively small spur formed by the lip, and four (or two) pollinia.[4]

Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family. Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as Phalaenopsis[5] and Vanda.

Leaflessness

Aeridinae contains the largest diversity of leafless taxa within the tribe Vandeae. These leafless species of the genera Chiloschista, Phalaenopsis, and Taeniophyllum (syn. Microtatorchis[6]), which is the most species rich genus of Aeridinae with 245 accepted species,[7] exhibit reduced stems and enhanced importance and photosynthetic function of the root system. This extreme reduction of leaves has likely evolved in three to four separate instances within Aeridinae.[3][8] These leafless genera have a tight relationship with fungi of the Ceratobasidiaceae family.[9] The roots of leafless epiphytic orchids are also heavily colonized by nitrogen-fixating cyanobacteria, which are thought to supply the plants with nitrogen.[10]

Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume exhibiting monopodial leaflessness
Flowering Chiloschista trudelii Seidenf. specimen with a few vestigial leaves
Flowering Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan specimen exhibiting seasonal, deciduous leaflessness

Phylogeny

The subtribe Aeridinae is the sister group to the subtribe Angraecinae (incl. Aerangidinae):[11]

Vandeae s.l.

Aeridinae

Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae)

Adrorhizinae

Polystachyinae

Genera
This figure gives a visual impression and comparison of the species richness of the genera belonging to the subtribe Aeridinae

The following genera are accepted members of the subtribe Aeridinae according to Chase et al., 2015:[12]

However, this classification includes genera, which are not recognized by Plants of the World Online of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

Additionally, some new genera have been recognized since the publication from Chase et al., 2015:

References
  1. Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Rasmussen, F., & Chase, M. (2014). "Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae." p. 111 Oxford University Press.
  2. Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.
  3. Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness." American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786.
  4. Mosquera-Mosquera, Hilda R.; Valencia-Barrera, Rosa M.; Acedo, Carmen (2019-04-08). "Variation and evolutionary transformation of some characters of the pollinarium and pistil in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 305 (5): 353–374. doi:10.1007/s00606-019-01575-5. S2CID 254060013.
  5. Ko, Ya-Zhu; Shih, Huei-Chuan; Tsai, Chi-Chu; Ho, Hsing-Hua; Liao, Pei-Chun; Chiang, Yu-Chung (2017-12-01). "Screening transferable microsatellite markers across genus Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Studies. 58 (1): 48. doi:10.1186/s40529-017-0200-z. PMC 5688051. PMID 29143146.
  6. "Microtatorchis Schltr". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  7. "Taeniophyllum Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  8. Carlsward, B. S. (2004). "Molecular systematics and anatomy of Vandeae (Orchidaceae): the evolution of monopodial leaflessness." University of Florida.
  9. Qin, J., Zhang, W., Feng, J. Q., & Zhang, S. B. (2021). "Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi." Mycorrhiza, 31(5), 625-635.
  10. Tsavkelova, E. A., Glukhareva, I. D., Volynchikova, E. A., Egorova, M. A., Leontieva, M. R., Malakhova, D. V., ... & Netrusov, A. I. (2022). "Cyanobacterial Root Associations of Leafless Epiphytic Orchids." Microorganisms, 10(5), 1006.
  11. Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015). "Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification." Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681.
  12. Chase, M. W., Cameron, K. M., Freudenstein, J. V., Pridgeon, A. M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C., & Schuiteman, A. (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae." Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 151-174.
  13. "Macropodanthus L.O.Williams". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  14. "Plectorrhiza Dockrill". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  15. "Bogoria J.J.Sm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  16. "Cleisostomopsis Seidenf". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  17. "Cleisocentron Brühl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  18. "Pennilabium J.J.Sm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  19. Liu, Dk; Tu, Xiong-De; Zhuang, Zhao; Zeng, Meng-Yao; Zhang, Sai; Ma, Liang; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Wang, Miao-Miao; Liu, Zhong-Jian; Lan, Si-Ren; Chen, Shi-Pin & Li, Ming-he. (2020). Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of Cleisostoma–Gastrochilus clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 145. 106729. 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106729.
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