After (art)

After is an art convention used in the titles and inscriptions of artworks to credit the original artist in the title of the copy.[1][2] Often the title of the original work is retained, for example an interpretation by Rembrandt of da Vinci's The Last Supper becomes The Last Supper, after Leonardo da Vinci.[3][4] The addendum, sometimes termed an attribution qualifier, may be used by the artist making the copy or a later curator or academic and features in the linked records that make up the Cultural Objects Name Authority.[1][5] The term may be used regardless of how similar the two works appear.[6] Curators have sometimes referred to the resulting imitation works as "after-[original artist's name]s", with works inspired by Albrecht Dürer being after-Dürers.[7] In some instances, artists have signed works made after the manner of their own indicating their approval of the copy.[8]

Notable examples
Notable examples of the convention in use
TitleArtistDateMediumTitle (based on)Artist (based on)Date (based on)Medium (based on)Ref
The Last Supper, after Leonardo da VinciRembrandt1634–1635red chalkThe Last SupperLeonardo da Vincic. 1495 – c. 1498mural[3][9]
Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang MengWang Hui1694ink wash paintingTall Bamboo and Distant MountainsWang Mengc. 1309 – c. 1385ink wash painting[10][11]
Christ on the Cross after RubensEdwin Landseer1840trois crayonsChrist on the CrossPeter Paul Rubens1619–1620oil on canvas[12][13]
The Abduction of the Sabine Women (after Poussin)Edgar Degas1861–1862oil on canvasL'enlèvement des SabinesNicolas Poussin1637–1638oil on canvas[14][15]
Still Life with a Sketch after DelacroixPaul Gauguin1887oil on canvasThe Expulsion of Adam and Eve from ParadiseEugène Delacroixc. 1838 – c. 1847oil on paper[16]
First Steps (after Millet)Vincent van Gogh1890oil on canvasFirst StepsJean-François Milletc. 1859 – c. 1866chalk and pastel on paper[17][9]
Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent XFrancis Bacon1953oil on canvasRetrato de Inocencio XDiego Velázquezc. 1650oil on canvas[18]
Luncheon on the Grass, after ManetPablo Picasso1962linoleum cutLe Déjeuner sur l'herbeÉdouard Manet1863oil on canvas[19][9]
After Walker Evans: 4Sherrie Levine1981photographAlabama Tenant Farmer Wife (Allie Mae Burroughs)Walker Evans1936photograph[20]
Las Meninas (Self-Portrait after Velázquez) Joel-Peter Witkin1987photographLas MeninasDiego Velázquez1656oil on canvas[21][9]
A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai)Jeff Wall1993Cibachrome photographEjiri in Suruga Province (Travellers caught in a sudden breeze at Ejiri)Hokusaic. 1830 – c. 1832woodblock print[22]

See also

References
  1. Art Libraries Society of North America; Visual Resources Association (16 September 2021). Attribution Qualifiers for Artists’ Names (PDF) (Technical report). Westford, Massachusetts. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  2. Mayer, Ralph (1981). A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques. Ethnologica Helvetica. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-06-463531-8. OCLC 1040903097.
  3. "The Last Supper, after Leonardo da Vinci". The Met. New York City. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  4. "After the Masters: Understanding and Collecting Old Master Copies". Allston, Massachusetts: Invaluable LLC. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  5. Harpring, Patricia (June 2022). "Cultural Objects Name Authority: Introduction and Overview" (PDF). Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute. p. 137. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  6. "Art Terms from A to Z". Victoria, British Columbia: AbeBooks. 8 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  7. "Dürer & After Exhibition at The Clark Art Institute Presents a Fresh Look at the Printmaker's Brilliance and Influence on Later Artists" (Press release). Williamstown, Massachusetts: Clark Art Institute. 28 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  8. ""After" – What Does This Art Term Mean?". Nags Head, North Carolina: Seaside Art Gallery. 27 December 2018. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  9. "Artlex Art Dictionary". Artlex. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  10. "Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang Meng". Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  11. Bo Gyllensvärd (1964). Bulletin, Volume 36. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm. p. 159. OCLC 2268156. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  12. "10 Questions and Answers About Old Master Copies". London: Sotheby's. 10 August 2018. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  13. "Christ on the Cross after Rubens". London: Royal Collection. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  14. Stead, Chloe (22 August 2017). "The Artists Who Learnt from the Old Masters". London: Sotheby's. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  15. "The Abduction of the Sabine Women (after Nicolas Poussin)s". Pasadena, California: Norton Simon Museum. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  16. "Nature morte à l'esquisse de Delacroix" (in French). Strasbourg: Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  17. "First Steps, after Millet". The Met. New York City. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  18. "Study After Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X". Des Moines Art Center. Des Moines, Iowa. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  19. "Pablo Picasso. Luncheon on the Grass, after Manet, I". Museum of Modern Art. New York City. 30 September 2010. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  20. "Alabama Tenant Farmer Wife". The Met. New York City. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  21. "Las Meninas (Self-Portrait after Velázquez)". Madrid: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  22. Elizabeth Manchester (July 2003). "A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai)". London: Tate. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.

Further reading
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