Aguja Formation

The Aguja Formation is a geological formation in North America, exposed in Texas, United States and Chihuahua and Coahuila in Mexico, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] Fossil palms have also been unearthed here.[2]

Aguja Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower to Middle Campanian
~
Outcrops of the Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofTornillo Group
Sub-unitsUpper Shale, Terlingua Creek Sandstone, Rattlesnake Mt. Sandstone, Lower Shale & Basal Sandstone Members
UnderliesJavelina Formation
OverliesPen Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, conglomerate, claystone
OtherMudstone, shale, limestone
Location
Coordinates29.3°N 103.5°W / 29.3; -103.5
Approximate paleocoordinates35.8°N 77.0°W / 35.8; -77.0
Region Texas
 Chihuahua
 Coahuila
Country USA
 Mexico
Aguja Formation is located in the United States
Aguja Formation
Aguja Formation (the United States)
Aguja Formation is located in Texas
Aguja Formation
Aguja Formation (Texas)
Paleogeography of the Campanian

Age

The ages of the Aguja Formation and its primary fossil-bearing unit, the Upper Shale, are not well understood. Due to the presence of the ammonite Baculites mclearni, which only occurs from 80.67 - 80.21 Ma, in the underlying Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone and the Terlingua Creek Sandstone, it is likely that the Upper Shale was younger than 80.2 Ma.[3] A radiometric date of 76.9 Ma was recovered in the Upper Shale, making it likely the formation wasn't younger than 76.9 Ma.[3] The contact with the overlying Javelina Formation has been estimated at about 70 Ma ago[4] but also as recently as 68.5 million years ago.[5] This is unlikely, however, due to the presence of Bravoceratops, more primitive than an unnamed chasmosaurine from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation, in the lowermost section of the formation.[6] The age of the Basal Sandstone is constrained by the presence of Scaphites hippocrepis III in the overlying Pen Formation which has been dated as old as 81.53 Ma.[3][7]

Paleofauna
A duckbilled dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) caudal vertebra from the Aguja Formation

Reptiles

2 fragmentary caudal vertebrae of indeterminate reptiles are known from the Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8]

Pseudosuchians
Crurotarsans of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
Crocodilia Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Teeth.[8] A crocodilian.
Deinosuchus[9] D. riograndensis Texas,[9] Chihuahua, and Coahuila[10] Osteoderm and mandible fragment A giant alligatoroid.
cf. D. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Cervical osteoderm (TMM 44068-2).[11] An alligatoroid.
Goniopholididae New genus & species West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Partial skull & skeleton along with isolated osteoderms & teeth.[11] May pertain to Denazinosuchus or a related taxon.
Phobosuchus[9] P. riograndensis[9] Texas,[9] Chihuahua, and Coahuila Reclassified as a Deinosuchus species

Ornithischians
Ornithischians of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
Agujaceratops A. mariscalensis Texas[12] Low Upper Shale[13] Formerly considered a species of Chasmosaurus[12]
A. mavericus West Texas[14] A chasmosaurine.
Angulomastacator A. daviesi Texas[15] Upper Shale[15] A left maxilla.[15] A lambeosaurine.
Ankylosauridae Indeterminate Texas[16] Osteoderms, vertebrae & limb elements.[16] Remains of an ankylosaurid, possibly represents Euoplocephalus sp.[16]
Aquilarhinus[17] A. palimentus Texas[18] Lower Shale[18] Formerly referred to Kritosaurus and Gryposaurus.[19]
Ceratopsidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Ilia, sacral vertebra & sacral ribs.[11] May represent Agujaceratops, but undiagnostic.
Chasmosaurus[20] C. mariscalensis[21] Texas[21] [Twelve] disarticulated skull (sic), postcrania, juvenile."[22] Considered by paleontologists Lucas, Sullivan, and Hunt to be distinct enough from the Chasmosaurus type species, C. belli to warrant being split off to a new genus, Agujaceratops.[12]
Edmontonia E. sp[23] Texas[16] Osteoderm (TVP 45866-2) & skull (AMNH 3076).[16] A nodosaurid.
cf. Euoplocephalus[21] E. sp[21] Texas[16] Upper Shale[16] Osteoderms, sacrum & vertebra (TL-05-14).[16] An ankylosaurid.
Kritosaurus[20] Indeterminate[20] Chihuahua[24]
Malefica M. deckerti Texas[25] Upper Shale[25] A partial left maxilla.[25] Formerly referred to Kritosaurus.[25]
Nodosauridae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Isolated & associated osteoderms.[11] Very similar to osteoderms of Invictarx.
Panoplosaurus P. mirus Texas[16] Osteoderm (TMM 45605-4).[16] A nodosaurid.
Texacephale T. langstoni Texas[13] Low Upper Shale[13] Two frontoparietal domes.[13] A pachycephalosaur.
Yehuecauhceratops Y. mudei[26] Coahuila[27] A centrosaurine.

Theropods

Indeterminate ornithomimid remains are known from the Upper Aguja Formation.[28] Indeterminate tyrannosaurid fossils are known from the Upper Aguja Formation of Texas and Mexico.[29]

Theropods of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
Avialae incertae sedis West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 4 teeth (TMM 45947-349, 350, 351).[30] A bird.
Chirostenotes C. sp. Texas[31] Femur & manual ungual.[31] A caenagnathid
Dromaeosauridae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Pedal phalanges (TMM 45909-2, TMM 44066-4).[11] A dromaeosaur.
cf. Dromaeosaurus[32] Indeterminate[32] Texas[21]
Leptorhynchos L. gaddisi Texas[31] Dentaries, caudal vertebra & limb elements.[31] A caenagnathid
Ornithomimidae New genus & species West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Vertebrae, ischium & limb elements.[11] An unnamed species referred to informally as the 'Aguja ornithomimid'.
cf. Paronychodon West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 2 incomplete teeth (TMM 45947-362).[30] A maniraptoran.
Richardoestesia R. cf. gilmorei Texas[33] Low Upper Shale[33] Fragment of a small tooth.[33] A coelurosaur.
R. isosceles Big Bend National Park, Texas[33] Low Upper Shale[33] Teeth.[33] A coelurosaur.
Saurornitholestes S. cf. langstoni Texas[30][33] Low Upper Shale & Lower Shale[30][33] Teeth.[30][33] A dromaeosaur.
Theropoda incertae sedis Morphotype A West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 8 teeth.[30] Unserrated, recurved teeth.
Morphotype B West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 5 tooth crowns.[30] Bi-serrated teeth.
Morphotype C West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 7 teeth.[30] Finely serrated, distal plication only.
Morphotype D West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 5 teeth.[30] Short, coarsely serrated distal plication.
Morphotype E West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] A tooth.[30] Strongly recurved, serrated distal plication.
Morphotype F West Texas[30] Lower Shale[30] 2 tooth fragments.[30] Medium size, finely serrated plications.
cf. Troodon[34] Indeterminate[34] Texas[21]
Tyrannosauridae Indeterminate West Texas[30][35] Upper Shale[35] & Lower Shale[11][30] Isolated teeth & a handful of non-dental specimens.[30][35] A relatively small & gracile tyrannosaurid.[35]

Lepidosaurs
Lepidosaurs of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
Anguidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Isolated osteoderms & partial right frontal.[36] An anguid.
Apsgnathus A. triptodon Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A scincomorph.
Catactegenys C. solaster Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements & teeth.[36] A night lizard.
Dryadissector D. shilleri West Texas.[30] Lower Shale.[30] Numerous isolated teeth.[30] A varanoid.
Mosasauridae Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 partial vetebra.[8] A mosasaur.
Odaxosaurus O. piger Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] An anguid.
cf. Parasaniwa cf. P. wyomingensis Texas.[36] Jaw fragments.[36] A platynotan.
Platynota Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Dorsal vertebra (TMM 43057-332).[36] A platynotan.
?Scincidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A possible skink.
cf. Scincomorpha Gen. et. sp. indet. Brewster County, Texas.[36] Jaw elements.[36] A scincomorph.
Serpentes Gen. et. sp. indet. Texas.[36] Partial left dentary & right maxilla.[36] A snake.
cf. Xenosauridae Texas.[36] Osteoderms & maxillae.[36] A knob-scaled lizard.

Turtles
Testudines of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberMaterialNotesImages
Adocus A. sp. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] An adocid.
Baenidae Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] 2 morphotypes present (A & B).
Basilemys B. sp. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale & Lower Shale[11][37] Shell fragments, partial plastron & leg scutes.[11][37] A nanhsiungchelyid.
Bothremydidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Isolated peripheral bones (TMM 44068-1, 42452-8); costal bones (TMM 44064-6).[11] A bothremydid, compatible with Chupacabrachelys.
Chupacabrachelys C. complexus Big Bend, Texas.[38] Base of the Upper Shale[38] A complete skull, and a nearly complete skeleton.[38] A bothremydid.
cf. Denazinemys cf. D. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Shell elements.[11] A baenid.
cf. Helopanoplia Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] A softshell turtle.
cf. Hoplochelys Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale[37] Shell fragments.[37] A kinosternoid.
Terlinguachelys T. fischbecki Big Bend National Park, Texas[39] Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone[39] A large, incomplete specimen.[39] A protostegid.
Testudines indeterminate[8] Morphotype 1[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 2[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 3[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Morphotype 4[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A shell fragment.
Trionychidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Big Bend National Park, Texas.[37] Upper Shale & Lower Shale[11][37] Costal bone (TMM 44068-4) & shell fragments.[37] A softshell turtle.

Bony Fish

Approximately 75 whole and broken fragments of coprolites are known from the Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member, presumably from bony fish.[8]

Bony fish of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Member MaterialNotesImages
Albula A. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 390 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A bonefish.
?Enchodus ?E. sp. Ten Bits ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 2 abraded teeth.[40] An aulopiform.
Eotexachara E. malateres West Texas[41] Dentaries.[41] A characiform.
Lepidotes ?L. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Approximately 109 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A lepidotid.
Melvius M. sp. West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Vertebrae.[11] An amiid.
Osteichthyes Indeterminate species A Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 11 complete teeth.
Indeterminate species B Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 8 complete and fragmentary teeth.
Indeterminate species C Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 complete tooth.
Indeterminate species D Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 1 complete and 1 partial tooth.
Indeterminate Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Approximately 475 complete and fragmentary teleost centra.[40]
Paralbula P. casei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Approximately 900 complete and fragmentary teeth and tooth caps.[40]
Primuluchara P. laramidensis West Texas[41] Dentaries.[41] A characiform.
Stephanodus ?S. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 21 whole and fragmentary specimens.[40] A pycnodont.

Cartilaginous fish
Cartilaginous fish of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Member MaterialNotesImages
Brachyrhyzodus B. wichitaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 11 complete teeth.[40]
Cantioscyllium C. aff. meyeri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 1 anterior tooth and 5 lateral teeth.[8] A nurse shark.
Chiloscyllium C. aff. greeni Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] Approximately 90 abraded and fragmentary teeth.[40] A bamboo shark.
Chondrichthyes[8] Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 23 placoid scales and 69 dermal scales. 4 morphotypes of placoid scales (A to D) present.
Columbusia C. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 20 complete & fragmentary teeth.[40] A wobbegong.
Cretalamna C. appendiculata Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 3 fragmentary teeth.[8] Reassigned to C. cf. C. sarcoportheta.[40]
C. cf. C. sarcoportheta Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 3 incomplete teeth & fragments of additional teeth.[40] Originally reported as C. appendiculata.
Cretorectolobus[8] C. olsoni Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] "20 complete and fragmentary teeth". A carpet shark.
Hybodontidae genus & species indeterminate Indeterminate West Texas[11] Lower Shale[11] Fragment of a dorsal fin spine (TMM 42536-10).[11] A hybodont.
Hybodus[8] H. sp. Ten Bits Ranch. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 2 specimens, one complete and one partial tooth. A hybodont.
Igdabatis I. indicus? Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] A single incomplete tooth.[8][40] A myliobatid.
Ischyrhiza I. cf. avonicola Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 5 complete and fragmentary rostral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
I. mira Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 11 fragmentary rostral teeth and 230 whole and fragmentary oral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
Lonchidion L. selachos Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 4 complete and 5 fragmentary teeth.[8][40] A hybodont.
Meristodon M. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 2 teeth.[40] A hybodont.
Myliobatiformes Incertae sedis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 3 complete specimens.[40]
Protoplatyrhina P. renae Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 70 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A hypsobatid.
Ptychotrygon P. agujaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 690 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. triangularis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 170 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. aff. cuspidata Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] 7 whole and fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate.
P. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] One complete tooth (TMM 46018-71).[40] A sawskate.
Rhinobatos R. casieri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] "14 complete and fragmentary specimens". A guitarfish.
R. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 18 complete & fragmentary specimens.[40] A guitarfish.
Rhombodus R. levis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 22 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A rajiforme.
Scapanorhynchus S. texanus Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] Over 800 complete and fragmentary teeth.[40] A mitsukurinid.
Sclerorhynchidae Morphotype 1 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] One fragmentary rostral spine (TMM 46018-59).[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 2 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] One fragmentary rostral spine (TMM 46018-60).[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 3 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 3 fragmentary rostral teeth.[40] A sawskate.
Morphotype 4 Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 27 fragmentary rostral spines.[40] A sawskate.
Serratolamna S. cf. S. caraibaea Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] About 34 teeth.[40] A mackerel shark.
Squalicorax S. kaupi Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8][40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8][40] "26 complete and fragmentary anterior and lateral teeth". An anacoracid.
S. aff. S. lindstromi Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 specimens.[40] An anacoracid.
S. pristodontus Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 2 specimens. An anacoracid.
S. aff. S. yangaensis Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 complete & several fragmentary teeth.[40] An anacoracid.
Squatina S. hassei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[8] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] A single complete specimen. An angelshark.
S. sp. Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] A complete tooth & 2 fragmentary teeth.[40] An angelshark.
Texatrygon T. cf. T. copei Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas.[40] Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[40] 4 complete & fragmentary teeth.[40] A sawskate formerly reported as T. hooveri.
T. hooveri Ten Bits Ranch, west Texas. Rattlesnake Mountain sandstone member.[8] 4 complete and fragmentary specimens.[8] Reassigned to T. cf. T. copei.

Ammonites
Ammonites of the Aguja Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationMemberAbundanceNotesImages
Baculites B. mclearni
  • Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
  • Terlingua Creek Sandstone
Hoplitoplacenticeras H. plasticum Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
Pachydiscus P. paulsoni Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

See also

References
  1. Weishampel et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America).", pp.574-588
  2. Manchester, Steven R.; Lehman, Thomas M.; Wheeler, Elisabeth A. (July 2010). "Fossil Palms (Arecaceae, Coryphoideae) Associated with Juvenile Herbivorous Dinosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (6): 679–689. doi:10.1086/653688. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 84762968.
  3. Fowler, Denver Warwick (2017-11-22). "Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America". PLOS ONE. 12 (11): e0188426. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288426F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188426. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5699823. PMID 29166406.
  4. Woodward, H. N. (2005). Bone histology of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas.
  5. Sankey, J. (2010). Faunal composition and significance of high–diversity, mixed bonebeds containing Agujaceratops mariscalensis and other dinosaurs, Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Big Bend, Texas. In New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium (pp. 520-537).
  6. Fowler, Denver W.; Fowler, Elizabeth A. Freedman (2020-06-05). "Transitional evolutionary forms in chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs: evidence from the Campanian of New Mexico". PeerJ. 8: e9251. doi:10.7717/peerj.9251. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7278894. PMID 32547873.
  7. Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Lehman, Thomas (2020-03-18). "An unusual 'shovel-billed' dinosaur with trophic specializations from the early Campanian of Trans-Pecos Texas, and the ancestral hadrosaurian crest" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (6): 461–498. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1625078. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 202018197.
  8. Schubert, Joseph (May 2013). Elasmobranch and osteichthyan fauna of the Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone, Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous; Campanian), West Texas (Thesis thesis).
  9. "Aguja Formation (Upper Shale Member), Big Bend Region, Texas," in Sullivan and Lucas (2006). Page 16.
  10. "The first mandible fragment of Deinosuchus (Eusuchia: Alligatoroidea) discovered in Coahuila, Mexico". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  11. Lehman, Thomas M.; Wick, Steven L.; Brink, Alyson A.; Shiller, Thomas A. (2019). "Stratigraphy and vertebrate fauna of the lower shale member of the Aguja Formation (lower Campanian) in West Texas". Cretaceous Research. 99: 291–314. Bibcode:2019CrRes..99..291L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.028. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 135044927.
  12. Lucas, Spencer G.; Sullivan, Robert M.; Hunt, Adrian P. (January 2006). "Re-evaluation of Pentaceratops and Chasmosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) in the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 35: 367–370.
  13. Longrich, N. R.; Sankey, J.; Tanke, D. (2010). "Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA". Cretaceous Research. 31 (2): 274. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..274L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002.
  14. Lehman, Thomas M.; Wick, Steven L.; Barnes, Kenneth R. (2017-08-03). "New specimens of horned dinosaurs from the Aguja Formation of West Texas, and a revision of Agujaceratops". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (8): 641–674. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1210683. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 88907183.
  15. Wagner, Jonathan R.; Lehman, Thomas M. (2009-06-12). "An enigmatic new lambeosaurine hadrosaur (Reptilia: Dinosauria) from the Upper Shale member of the Campanian Aguja Formation of Trans-Pecos Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (2): 605–611. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..605W. doi:10.1671/039.029.0208. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 128555861.
  16. West, Bryanna (2020). Campanian-Maastrictian Ankylosaurs of West Texas (PDF) (Thesis). Texas Tech University.
  17. Listed as ?Gryposaurus sp. in "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous; North America; Texas)." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 582.
  18. Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Lehman, Thomas (2020-03-18). "An unusual 'shovel-billed' dinosaur with trophic specializations from the early Campanian of Trans-Pecos Texas, and the ancestral hadrosaurian crest". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (6): 461–498. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1625078. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 202018197.
  19. Prieto-Márquez, Albert (2014-02-17). "Skeletal morphology of Kritosaurus navajovius (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (2): 133–175. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.770417. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 84942579.
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  22. "Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 496.
  23. Listed as Edmontonia cf. rugosidens in "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous; North America; Texas).", Weishampel et al., 2004, p.582
  24. "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous; North America; Chihuahua)." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 588.
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