Air pollution in Malaysia

Air pollution has been an ongoing problem in many countries in the Southeast Asia region, and Malaysia is one of the worst affected. Haze has been a major issue for the country, driven by slash and burn practices by farmers and peat fires blown by the wind from Indonesia.

Smog over a city skyline.
2005 Malaysian haze in Kuala Lumpur.
Southeast Asian haze series
Haze in Borneo, 2019
History
1990s
2000s
2010s
Key topics
Responses
See also
 Category

A state of emergency was announced in 2005 at Port Klang as the Air Pollution Index (API) went above 500.[1] Malaysia has worked with the Indonesian authorities to help curb peat fires.[2] Malaysia and Indonesia, together with other members of the ASEAN community, signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002 as a result of a 1997 haze.[3]

Air Pollution Index
Main article: Air Pollution Index

The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the Air Pollution Index (API). Four of the index's pollutant components (i.e., carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) are reported in ppmv but PM10 particulate matter is reported in μg/m3.

This scale below shows the health classifications used by the Malaysian government.

  •   0-50  Good
  •  51-100 Moderate
  • 101-200 Unhealthy
  • 201-300 Very unhealthy
  • 301- Hazardous

If the API exceeds 500, a state of emergency is declared in the reporting area. Usually, this means that non-essential government services are suspended, and all ports in the affected area are closed. There may also be a prohibition on private sector commercial and industrial activities in the reporting area excluding the food sector.

2005 Malaysian haze
Main article: 2005 Malaysian haze

The 2005 Malaysian haze was a week-long choking smog-like haze over Malaysia that almost brought the central part of Peninsular Malaysia to a standstill, prompted crisis talks with Indonesia and caused widespread inconvenience. The haze was at its worst on August 11, 2005. This was a comeback of the haze crisis which last hit Malaysia in September 1997.

2015 Southeast Asian haze
Main article: 2015 Southeast Asian haze

The 2015 Southeast Asian haze was caused by mass illegal burning in Indonesia and resulted in over a month of haze in Malaysia, Singapore and parts of Thailand - triggering school closures and disrupting air travel.[4] The haze was considered among the worst in history according to a NASA scientist.[5] Researchers from Harvard and Columbia universities in the US estimated 6,500 people in Malaysia died prematurely due to the incident.[6] But later, the claim was refuted by Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysian health authorities.[7]

See also

References
  1. Vijay Josh (2005-08-11). "Indonesian forest fires again cause haze in Malaysia". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  2. "Malaysia Seeks Talks with Indonesia Over Haze". CriEnglish. 2005-08-11. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  3. Gerald Giam (2006-10-13). "Haze problem: Bilateral pressure on Indonesia works best". Singapore Angle. Archived from the original on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
  4. Joseph Kaos Jr (2017-07-26). "Wan Junaidi: Indonesia assures there will be no repeat of 2015 haze". The Star Online. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  5. Nash Jenkins (2015-10-05). "The Current Haze Over Southeast Asia Could Be Among the Worst Ever". Time. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  6. Agence France-Presse (2016-09-19). "Haze from Indonesian fires may have killed more than 100,000 people – study". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  7. "Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia refute study on haze causing 100,000 deaths". Archived from the original on 2017-09-12. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  • at the Department Of Environment
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