Alfa Romeo P3
The Alfa Romeo P3, P3 monoposto or Tipo B was a classic Grand Prix car designed by Vittorio Jano, one of the Alfa Romeo 8C models. The P3 was first genuine single-seat Grand Prix racing car[1] and Alfa Romeo's second monoposto after Tipo A monoposto (1931).[2] It was based on the earlier successful Alfa Romeo P2. Taking lessons learned from that car, Jano went back to the drawing board to design a car that could last longer race distances.
 | |
| Category | Grand Prix 750 kg |
|---|---|
| Constructor | Alfa Romeo |
| Team/s | 1932 - Alfa Corse 1933/1935 - Scuderia Ferrari |
| Designer | Vittorio Jano |
| Predecessor | Alfa Romeo Tipo A |
| Successor | 1935 Monoposto 8C 35 Type C |
| Drivers | 1932 + Tazio Nuvolari, Rudolf Caracciola, Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini 1933 + Louis Chiron, Luigi Fagioli, Giuseppe Campari 1934 + Achille Varzi, Louis Chiron, Guy Moll, Brian E. Lewis, Carlo Felice Trossi, Gianfranco Comotti 1935 + Tazio Nuvolari, Raymond Sommer, Louis Chiron, Comte George de Montbressieux, Richard Shuttleworth, René Dreyfus, Vittorio Belmondo, Mario Tadini, Antonio Brivio, Guido Barbieri, Pietro Ghersi, Renato Balestrero 1936 + Raymond Sommer, "Charlie" Martin, Comte José María de Villapadierna, Giovanni Battaglia, Clemente Biondetti, Austin Dobson |
| Chassis | channel section side members |
| Suspension (front) | Semi elliptic leaf springs, friction dampers 1935 independent Dubonnet system with trailing links |
| Suspension (rear) | Semi elliptic leaf springs, friction dampers 1935 reversed quarter elliptic leaf springs |
| Engine | Front mounted, Alfa Romeo, Straight-8 (two straight 4 blocks), Twin Roots Superchargers 1932 - 2654 cc, (65x100mm) |
| Gearbox | Alfa Romeo 4-speed manual c.1934 Alfa Romeo 3-speed manual |
| Wheelbase | 104 in (2,642 mm) |
| Track | Front 55 in (1,397 mm), Rear 53 in (1,346 mm) |
| Dry Weight | 1,545 lb (700 kg) |
| Fuel | |
| Tyres | 1932 - Dunlop 1933/35 - Englebert |
| Debut | 1932 Italian Grand Prix, Tazio Nuvolari, 1st |
| Races competed | |
| Constructors' Championships | Not applicable before 1958 |
| Drivers' Championships | Not applicable before 1950 |
| Race victories | 46 1932 Italian Grand Prix, Tazio Nuvolari 1932 French Grand Prix, Tazio Nuvolari 1932 German Grand Prix, Rudolf Caracciola 1932 Coppa Ciano, Tazio Nuvolari 1932 Coppa Acerbo, Tazio Nuvolari 1932 Monza Grand Prix, Rudolf Caracciola 1933 Coppa Acerbo, Luigi Fagioli 1933 Grand Prix du Comminges, Luigi Fagioli 1933 Marseille Grand Prix, Louis Chiron 1933 Italian Grand Prix, Luigi Fagioli 1933 Masaryk Circuit, Louis Chiron 1933 Spanish Grand Prix, Louis Chiron 1934 Monaco Grand Prix, Guy Moll 1934 Alessandria Grand Prix, Achille Varzi 1934 Tripoli Grand Prix, Achille Varzi 1934 Casablanca Grand Prix, Louis Chiron 1934 Targa Florio, Achille Varzi 1934 Internationale Avus Rennen, Guy Moll 1934 Mannin Moar, Hon. Brian Lewis 1934 Montreux Grand Prix, Comte Trossi 1934 Penya Rhin GP, Achille Varzi 1934 Grand Prix de France, Louis Chiron 1934 Grand Prix de la Marne, Louis Chiron 1934 GP de Vichy, Comte Carlo Trossi, 1934 German Grand Prix, Tazio Nuvolari 1934 Coppa Ciano, Achille Varzi 1934 Grand Prix de Nice, Achille Varzi 1934 Grand Prix du Comminges, Gianfranco Comotti 1934 Circuito di Biella, Comte Trossi, 1935 Grand Prix du Pau, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 Bergamo Circuit, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 GP de France, Raymond Sommer 1935 Biella Circuit, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 Lorraine GP, Louis Chiron 1935 Marne GP, René Dreyfus 1935 Dieppe GP, René Dreyfus 1935 Varese Circuit, Vittorio Belmondo 1935 German Grand Prix, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 GP du Comminges, Raymond Sommer 1935 Coppa Ciano, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 Nice GP, Tazio Nuvolari 1935 Coppa Edda Ciano, Mario Tadini 1935 Donington GP, Richard Shuttleworth 1935 Coppa della Sila, Antonio Brivio 1935 Brooklands Mountain Circuit Championship, Richard Shuttleworth |
| Last season | 1935 |
Description
The P3 was the first genuine single seater racing car, and was powered by a supercharged eight-cylinder engine. The car was very light for the period, weighing just over 1,500 lb (680 kg) despite using a cast iron engine block.
The P3 was introduced in June, halfway through the 1932 Grand Prix season in Europe, winning its first race at the hands of Tazio Nuvolari, and going on to win 6 races that year driven by both Nuvolari and Rudolf Caracciola, including all 3 major Grands Prix in Italy, France and Germany.
The 1933 Grand Prix season brought financial difficulties to Alfa Corse so the cars were simply locked away and Alfa attempted to rest on their laurels. Enzo Ferrari had to run his breakaway 'works' Alfa team as Scuderia Ferrari, using the older, less effective Alfa Monzas. Alfa procrastinated until August and missed the first 25 events, and only after much wrangling was the P3 finally handed over to Scuderia Ferrari. P3s then won six of the final 11 events of the season including the final 2 major Grands Prix in Italy and Spain.
The regulations for the 1934 Grand Prix season brought larger bodywork requirements, so to counteract this the engine was bored out to 2.9 litres. Louis Chiron won the French Grand Prix at Montlhery, whilst the German Silver Arrows dominated the other four rounds of the European Championship. However the P3s won 18 of all the 35 Grands Prix held throughout Europe.
By the 1935 Grand Prix season the P3 was hopelessly uncompetitive against the superior German cars in 6 rounds of the European Championship, but that didn't stop one final, legendary works victory. The P3 was bored out to 3.2 litres for Nuvolari for the 1935 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, in the heartland of the Mercedes and Auto-Union empire. In the race, Nuvolari punctured a tyre early on while leading, but after the pitstop he carved through the field until the last lap when Manfred von Brauchitsch, driving the more powerful Mercedes Benz W25 suffered a puncture, leaving Nuvolari to win the race in front of 300,000 stunned Germans.
The P3's agility and versatility enabled it to win 16 of the 39 Grands Prix in 1935. The P3 had earned its place as a truly great racing car.
Technical data
| Technical data | 1932 | 1934 | 1935 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Engine: | Front mounted 8-cylinder in-line engine | ||
| displacement: | 2654 cm³ | 2905 cm³ | 3822 cm³ |
| Bore x stroke: | 65 x 100mm | 68 x 100mm | 78 x 100 mm |
| Max power: | 215 hp | 255 hp | 330 hp |
| Valve control: | 2 overhead camshafts, 2 valves per cylinder | ||
| Upload: | 2 Roots compressors | ||
| Gearbox: | 4-speed manual | 3-speed manual | |
| suspension front: | Stiff front axle | Individual, type Dubonnet | |
| Front suspension: | Longitudinal leaf springs | Coil springs | |
| suspension rear: | Stiff rear axle | ||
| Rear suspension: | Longitudinal leaf springs | Cantilever Suspension | |
| Brakes: | Hydraulic drum brakes | ||
| Wheelbase: | 264 cm | 267 cm | |
| Dry weight: | About 700 kg | ||
| Top speed: | 230 km/h | ? km/h | ? km/h |
Drivers
- 1932: Tazio Nuvolari, Rudolf Caracciola, Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini
- 1933: Louis Chiron, Luigi Fagioli, Giuseppe Campari
- 1934: Achille Varzi, Louis Chiron, Guy Moll, Brian E. Lewis, Carlo Felice Trossi, Gianfranco Comotti
- 1935: Tazio Nuvolari, Raymond Sommer, Louis Chiron, Comte George de Montbressieux, Richard Shuttleworth, René Dreyfus, Vittorio Belmondo, Mario Tadini, Antonio Brivio, Guido Barbieri, Pietro Ghersi, Renato Balestrero
- 1936: Raymond Sommer, "Charlie" Martin, José Padierna de Villapadierna, Giovanni Battaglia, Clemente Biondetti, Austin Dobson
Alain de Cadenet with Alfa Romeo P3.
Engine of the Alfa P3 Tipo B - Note the twin gear driven superchargers.
The Tipo B Aerodinamica in Enzo Ferrari Museum in Modena.
1932 Tipo B Don Lee Special in Goodwood FoS 2011
Tazio Nuvolari passing at the 1935 Grand Prix de Pau.
Notes
- "Alfa Romeo P3". ddavid.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- "Alfa Romeo Tipo A Monoposto". ultimatecarpage.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
