Amaurornis

Amaurornis
	White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Family:	Rallidae
Genus:	Amaurornis; Reichenbach, 1853
Type species
	Gallinula olivacea; (Plain bush-hen); Meyen, 1834
Species
	see text
Synonyms
	Poliolimnas Sharpe, 1893 (but see text)

Amaurornis is a genus of birds in the rail family Rallidae. The species in this genus are typically called bush-hens. A monotypic subtribe, Amaurornithina, was proposed for this genus.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus Amaurornis was erected by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853 with the plain bush-hen (Amaurornis olivacea) as the type species.[2] The name comes from the Greek amauros, meaning "dusky" or "brown" and ornis, meaning "bird".[3]

The New Guinea flightless rail was sometimes included in this genus, but more often held to constitute a distinct monotypic genus Megacrex. The first cladistic studies of rails, based on morphology, strongly suggested that Amaurornis as traditionally defined is not monophyletic, and that several species placed here are in fact closer to the small crakes traditionally placed in Porzana. This was subsequently confirmed by molecular data. However, these smallish species are probably not close to the large members of Porzana either, and would warrant re-establishment of the old genus Zapornia.[1][4]

Species

The genus contains five species:[5]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Amaurornis phoenicurus	White-breasted waterhen	tropical Asia from Pakistan east to Indonesia
Amaurornis olivacea	Plain bush-hen or Philippine bush-hen	Philippines
Amaurornis magnirostris	Talaud bush-hen	Talaud Islands, Indonesia
Amaurornis isabellina	Isabelline bush-hen	Sulawesi
Amaurornis moluccana	Pale-vented bush-hen, rufous-tailed bush-hen or rufous-tailed waterhen	Australia, the Moluccan Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands

References

Media related to Amaurornis at Wikimedia Commons

Livezey, B.C. (1998). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 353 (1378): 2077–2151. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353. PMC 1692427.
Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Vol. 1. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. xxi.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
García-R, J.C.; Gibb, G.C.; Trewick, S.A. (2014). "Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.008.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 July 2019.

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[livezey-1] Livezey, B.C. (1998). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 353 (1378): 2077–2151. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353. PMC 1692427.

[2] Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Vol. 1. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. xxi.

[3] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[garcia-4] García-R, J.C.; Gibb, G.C.; Trewick, S.A. (2014). "Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.008.

[ioc-5] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 July 2019.