America's Favorite Architecture

"America's Favorite Architecture" is a list of buildings and other structures identified as the most popular works of architecture in the United States.

In 2006 and 2007, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) sponsored research to identify the most popular works of architecture in the United States. Harris Interactive conducted the study by first polling a sample of the AIA membership and later polling a sample of the public.[1]

In the first phase of the study, 2,448 AIA members were interviewed and asked to identify their "favorite" structures. Each was asked to name up to 20 structures in each of 15 defined categories. The 248 structures that were named by at least six of the AIA members were then included in a list of structures to be included in the next phase, a survey of the general public. The survey of the public involved a total of 2,214 people, each of whom rated many photographs of buildings and other structures drawn from the list of 248 structures that had been created by polling the architects. The public's preferences were ranked using a "likeability" scale developed for the study.[1][2]

As part of the commemoration of the organization's 150th anniversary in 2007, the AIA announced the list of the 150 highest-ranked structures as "America's Favorite Architecture". New York City is the location of 32 structures on the list, more than any other place. Of the 10 top-ranked structures, 6 are in Washington, DC, which is the location of 17 of the 150 structures on the complete list.[2] Chicago has 16 structures on the list.

The 150 top-ranked structures are listed below.[3]

List of "America's Favorites"

Rank
StructureCityStateArchitect(s) BuiltStylePicture
1Empire State BuildingNew YorkNYWilliam F. Lamb 1930–31Art Deco
2The White HouseWashingtonDCJames Hoban 1792–1800Neoclassical
3Washington National CathedralWashingtonDCGeorge Frederick Bodley, Henry Vaughan and Philip H. Frohman 1906–88Gothic Revival
4Jefferson MemorialWashingtonDCJohn Russell Pope 1939–43Neoclassical
5Golden Gate BridgeSan FranciscoCAIrving F. Morrow and Gertrude C. Morrow 1933–37Art Deco
6United States CapitolWashingtonDCWilliam Thornton 1793–1962Neoclassical
7Lincoln MemorialWashingtonDCHenry Bacon 1914–22Greek Revival
8Biltmore EstateAshevilleNCRichard Morris Hunt; Frederick Law Olmsted 1889–95Châteauesque
9Chrysler BuildingNew YorkNYWilliam Van Alen 1928–30Art Deco
10Vietnam Veterans MemorialWashingtonDCMaya Lin 1982Modern
11St. Patrick's CathedralNew YorkNYJames Renwick 1858–78Gothic Revival
12Washington MonumentWashingtonDCRobert Mills 1848–54Egyptian Revival
13Grand Central TerminalNew YorkNYReed and Stem; Warren and Wetmore 1903–13Beaux-Arts
14Gateway ArchSt. LouisMOEero Saarinen 1963–65Modern
15Supreme Court of the United StatesWashingtonDCCass Gilbert 1932–35Neoclassical
16St. RegisNew YorkNYTrowbridge & Livingston 1904Beaux-Arts
17Metropolitan Museum of ArtNew YorkNYCalvert Vaux; McKim, Mead & White; Richard Morris Hunt; Kevin Roche; John Dinkeloo 1895– 2012 Beaux-Arts
18Hotel Del CoronadoCoronadoCAJames W. Reid 1888Victorian
19World Trade Center (original towers)New YorkNYMinoru Yamasaki 1966–75Modern
20Brooklyn BridgeNew YorkNYJohn Augustus Roebling 1869-83Gothic Revival
21Philadelphia City HallPhiladelphiaPAJohn McArthur Jr. 1871–1901Second Empire
22Bellagio Hotel and CasinoLas VegasNVDeruyter Butler; Atlandia Design 1995–98Italianate
23Cathedral of St. John the DivineNew YorkNYHeins & La Farge; Ralph Adams Cram 1892–1911Gothic Revival
24Philadelphia Museum of ArtPhiladelphiaPAHorace Trumbauer, Zantzinger, Borie, and Medary 1919–28Neoclassical
25Trinity ChurchBostonMAHenry Hobson Richardson 1872–77Richardsonian Romanesque
26Ahwahnee HotelYosemite ValleyCAGilbert Stanley Underwood 1926–27 National Park Service Rustic
27MonticelloCharlottesvilleVAThomas Jefferson 1768–1826Georgian
28Library of CongressWashingtonDCJohn L. Smithmeyer and Paul J. Pelz 1890–97Beaux-Arts
29FallingwaterMill RunPAFrank Lloyd Wright 1936–39Modern/Organic
30TaliesinSpring GreenWIFrank Lloyd Wright 1911–59Prairie School
31Wrigley FieldChicagoILZachary Taylor Davis 1911–14Jewel Box Stadium
32Wanamaker's Department StorePhiladelphiaPADaniel Burnham 1876Neo-Renaissance
33Rose Center for Earth and SpaceNew YorkNYJames Stewart Polshek 2000Structural Expressionist / Postmodern
34National Gallery of Art (West Building)WashingtonDCJohn Russell Pope 1938–41Neoclassical
35Allegheny County CourthousePittsburghPAHenry Hobson Richardson 1883–88Richardsonian Romanesque
36Old Faithful InnYellowstone National ParkWYRobert Reamer 1903–27National Park Service Rustic
37Washington Union StationWashingtonDCDaniel Burnham 1908–89Beaux-Arts
38Tribune TowerChicagoILJohn Mead Howells; Raymond Hood 1923–25Gothic Revival
39Delano HotelMiami BeachFLRobert Swartburg; Philippe Starck (interior) 1947–94Art Deco
40Union StationSt. LouisMOTheodore C. Link 1892Romanesque
41Hearst ResidenceSan SimeonCAJulia Morgan 1919–1947Spanish Revival
42Willis (formerly Sears) TowerChicagoILFazlur Rahman Khan Bruce Graham 1970–74Modern
43Thomas Crane Public LibraryQuincyMAHenry Hobson Richardson 1881–82Richardsonian Romanesque
44Woolworth BuildingNew YorkNYCass Gilbert 1910–12Gothic Revival
45Cincinnati Union TerminalCincinnatiOHFellheimer & Wagner 1928–33Art Deco
46Waldorf AstoriaNew YorkNYSchultze & Weaver 1929–31Art Deco
47New York Public LibraryNew YorkNYCarrère and Hastings 1897–1911Beaux-Arts
48Carnegie HallNew YorkNYWilliam B. Tuthill; Richard Morris Hunt and Dankmar Adler, consulting architects 1890–91Italianate
49San Francisco City HallSan FranciscoCAArthur Brown, Jr. 1913–16Beaux-Arts
50Virginia State CapitolRichmondVAThomas Jefferson 1785–88Neoclassical
51Cadet Chapel, Air Force AcademyColorado SpringsCOWalter Netsch 1959–62Futurist
52Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoILDaniel Burnham and Graham, Anderson, Probst and White 1915–21Neoclassical
53Apple, 5th AvenueNew YorkNYBohlin Cywinski Jackson 2005–06Structural Expressionist
54Fisher Fine Arts LibraryPhiladelphiaPAFrank Furness 1888–90Victorian
55Mauna Kea Beach HotelKohala CoastHISkidmore, Owings & Merrill 1965Modern
56Rockefeller CenterNew YorkNYReinhard & Hofmeister, Corbett, Harrison & Macmurray, Raymond Hood, Godley & Fouilhoux 1930–39Art Deco
57Denver International AirportDenverCOFentress Bradburn Architects 1989–95Postmodern
58Ames Free LibraryNorth EastonMAHenry Hobson Richardson 1877–79Richardsonian Romanesque
59Milwaukee Art MuseumMilwaukeeWISantiago Calatrava 1994–2001Postmodern
60Thorncrown ChapelEureka SpringsARE. Fay Jones 1980Prairie School
61Transamerica PyramidSan FranciscoCAWilliam Pereira 1969–72Modern
62333 Wacker DriveChicagoILKohn Pedersen Fox 1979–83Modern
63Smithsonian National Air and Space MuseumWashingtonDCGyo Obata 1972–76Modern
64Faneuil HallBostonMABenjamin Thompson 1740–42Georgian
65Crystal CathedralGarden GroveCAPhilip Johnson 1977–80Structural Expressionist / Postmodern
66Gamble HousePasadenaCAGreene and Greene 1908–09American Craftsman
67Nebraska State CapitolLincolnNEBertram Grosvenor Goodhue 1922–32Art Deco / Neoclassical
68New York Times BuildingNew YorkNYRenzo Piano 2003–07Structural Expressionist
69Salt Lake City Public LibrarySalt Lake CityUTMoshe Safdie 2000–03Structural Expressionist / Postmodern
70Walt Disney World Dolphin and Swan HotelsLake Buena VistaFLMichael Graves 1987–88Postmodern
71Hearst TowerNew YorkNYNorman Foster 2003–06Structural Expressionist
72Flatiron BuildingNew YorkNYDaniel Burnham 1902Beaux-Arts / Chicago school
73Lake Point TowerChicagoILSchipporeit and Heinrich 1965–68Modern
74Guggenheim MuseumNew YorkNYFrank Lloyd Wright 1956–59Modern
75Union StationLos AngelesCAThe Parkinsons 1939 Spanish Revival
76Willard HotelWashingtonDCHenry Janeway Hardenbergh 1901 Beaux-Arts
77Sever Hall, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAHenry Hobson Richardson 1878–80Richardsonian Romanesque
78Broadmoor HotelColorado SpringsCOWarren & Wetmore 1918Spanish Revival
79Ronald Reagan BuildingWashingtonDCJames Ingo Freed 1989–98Postmodern, Neotraditional
80Phillips Exeter Academy LibraryExeterNHLouis Kahn 1965–71Modern
81The Plaza HotelNew YorkNYHenry J. Hardenbergh 1905–07Beaux-Arts
82Sofitel Chicago Water TowerChicagoILJean-Paul Viguier 2002Postmodern
83Glessner HouseChicagoILHenry Hobson Richardson 1886–87Richardsonian Romanesque
84Yankee Stadium (1923) (demolished)New YorkNYOsborn Architects & Engineers 1922–23Jewel Box Stadium
85Harold Washington LibraryChicagoILHammond, Beeby and Babka 1988–91Postmodern / Neotraditional
86Lincoln CenterNew YorkNYWallace Harrison, Philip Johnson and others 1955–69Modern
87The Dakota ApartmentsNew YorkNYHenry Janeway Hardenbergh 1880–84Neo-Renaissance
88Art Institute of ChicagoChicagoILShepley, Rutan and Coolidge 1893 Beaux-Arts
89Fairmont HotelSan FranciscoCAReid & Reid 1907Beaux-Arts
90Boston Public LibraryBostonMACharles Follen McKim 1887–95Renaissance Revival
91Hollywood BowlLos AngelesCALloyd Wright 1929–2004 Expressionist
92Texas State CapitolAustinTXElijah E. Myers 1885–88 Neo-Renaissance
93FontainebleauMiami BeachFLMorris Lapidus 1954 Modern
94Legal Research Building, University of MichiganAnn ArborMIYork and Sawyer 1924–33Gothic Revival
95Getty CenterLos AngelesCARichard Meier 1989–97Modern
96High MuseumAtlantaGARichard Meier 1980–83Modern
97Federal Building and United States CourthouseCentral IslipNYRichard Meier 1996–2000Modern
98Humana BuildingLouisvilleKYMichael Graves 1982–85 Postmodern
99Disney Concert HallLos AngelesCAFrank Gehry 1999–2003Postmodern / Deconstructivism
100Radio City Music HallNew YorkNYEdward Durell Stone 1931–32Art Deco
101Paul Brown StadiumCincinnatiOHNBBJ 1998–2000 Postmodern
102United Airlines Terminal 1, O'Hare AirportChicagoILHelmut Jahn 1985–87Postmodern
103Hyatt Regency AtlantaAtlantaGAJohn C. Portman, Jr. 1967Modern
104Oracle ParkSan FranciscoCAPopulous 1997–2000Retro-classical / Neotraditional
105Time Warner CenterNew YorkNYDavid Childs 2000–03 Modern
106Washington MetroWashingtonDCHarry Weese 1969–76 Brutalist
107IDS Center (IDS Tower)MinneapolisMNPhilip Johnson 1969–72 Modern
108Seattle Central LibrarySeattleWARem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus 2002–04Structural Expressionist / Deconstructivism
109San Francisco Museum of Modern ArtSan FranciscoCAMario Botta 1992–95Postmodern
110Chicago Union StationChicagoILDaniel Burnham and Graham, Anderson, Probst and White 1913–25Art Deco
111United Nations HeadquartersNew YorkNYWallace Harrison and others 1948–52Modern
112National Building MuseumWashingtonDCMontgomery C. Meigs 1882–87Renaissance Revival
113Fenway ParkBostonMAJames E. McLaughlin 1911–12 Jewel box ballpark
114Dana–Thomas HouseSpringfieldILFrank Lloyd Wright 1902–04Prairie School
115TWA Flight Center, JFK AirportNew YorkNYEero Saarinen 1959–62Modern / Expressionist
116The AthenaeumNew HarmonyINRichard Meier 1979Modern
117Walker Art CenterMinneapolisMNEdward Larrabee Barnes; Herzog & de Meuron 1969–71, 2005Minimalist
118American Airlines CenterDallasTXDavid M. Schwarz 1991–2001 Neotraditional
119Arizona Biltmore Resort and SpaPhoenixAZAlbert Chase McArthur with Frank Lloyd Wright consulting 1929Art Deco
120Richard J. Riordan Central LibraryLos AngelesCABertram Grosvenor Goodhue 1926 Art Deco, Mexican Baroque
121San Francisco International AirportSan FranciscoCASkidmore, Owings and Merrill, Del Campo and Maru Architects, Michael Willis Architects 1995–2000Modern
122Camden YardsBaltimoreMDHellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum 1989–92Retro-classical / Neotraditional
123Taliesin WestScottsdaleAZFrank Lloyd Wright 1937Modern
124United States Holocaust MuseumWashingtonDCJames Ingo Freed, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners 1988–93 Neotraditional, Georgian, modern
125Citicorp CenterNew YorkNYHugh Stubbins & Associates; Emery Roth & Sons 1974–77 Postmodern
126V. C. Morris Gift ShopSan FranciscoCAFrank Lloyd Wright 1948 Organic
127Union StationKansas CityMOJarvis Hunt 1914 Beaux-Arts architecture
128Rookery BuildingChicagoILBurnham and Root 1888 Chicago school
129Frederick R. Weisman Museum of ArtMinneapolisMNFrank Gehry 1993 Postmodern / Deconstructivism
130Douglas HouseHarbor SpringsMIRichard Meier 1965–67 Modern
131Aline Barnsdall Hollyhock HouseLos AngelesCAFrank Lloyd Wright 1919–21 Mayan Revival
132Pennzoil PlaceHoustonTXPhilip Johnson 1976 Postmodern
133Royalton HotelNew YorkNYRossiter & Wright; Philippe Starck 1898, 1988 Neoclassical
134AstrodomeHoustonTXHermon Lloyd & W. B. Morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson 1962–65 Postmodern
135T-Mobile ParkSeattleWA 1997–99 Retro-modern
136Corning Museum of GlassCorningNYGunnar Birkerts 1976–1980 Modern
13730th Street StationPhiladelphiaPAGraham, Anderson, Probst and White 1927–33 Neoclassical
138Robie HouseChicagoILFrank Lloyd Wright 1909–10 Prairie School
139Williams (formerly Transco) TowerHoustonTXPhilip Johnson 1981–83 Postmodern
140Stahl House (Case Study House #22)Los AngelesCAPierre Koenig 1959–60 Mid-century modern
141Apple, SoHoNew YorkNYBohlin Cywinski Jackson 2002 Modern
142John Hancock TowerBostonMAHenry N. Cobb 1968–76 Minimalist
143Pennsylvania Station (demolished)New YorkNYMcKim, Mead & White 1904–10 Neoclassical
144Hyatt RegencySan FranciscoCAJohn Portman 1973Postmodern
145Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company BuildingChicagoILLouis Sullivan 1899Chicago school
146Museum of Modern ArtNew YorkNYPhilip Johnson 1939 International Style
147Auditorium BuildingChicagoILDankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan 1887–89Chicago school
148Brown Palace HotelDenverCOFrank Edbrooke 1892Renaissance Revival
149Ingalls Rink, Yale UniversityNew HavenCTEero Saarinen 1953–58Modern
150Battle Hall, UT AustinAustinTXCass Gilbert 1911Spanish-Mediterranean Revival

Criticisms

When it was released, critics observed that the list of "favorites" did not reflect the judgments of architectural “experts”. Upon the list's release, AIA president R.K. Stewart acknowledged that the rankings did not represent architects' professional judgments, but instead reflected people's "emotional connections" to buildings.[4] Buildings named by critics as being some that architects consider to be highly significant, but that did not achieve top 150 ranking in the public survey, included the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, designed by Louis Kahn; the Inland Steel and John Hancock buildings in Chicago; Washington Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, Virginia, designed by Eero Saarinen; and the Seagram Building in New York City, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[4][5] John King of the San Francisco Chronicle pointed out that in 1991 the AIA had named Eero Saarinen's design for Dulles Airport as one of ten "all-time works of American architects." King noted that the public's ratings were based on seeing just one photo of each building, and pointed out that "There's more to architecture than a picture can convey."[4]

Structures ranked below the top 150

The 98 buildings that were listed by architects as significant, but did not rank in the top 150 in the public vote, were:[4]

See also

References

  1. American Institute of Architects, "About this Exhibit", FavoriteArchitecture.org website Archived May 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  2. American Institute of Architects Releases Poll Showing "America's Favorite Architecture" Archived February 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Building Online, March 15, 2007
  3. American Institute of Architects, FavoriteArchitecture.org website Archived March 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  4. John King, When it comes to the tops in architecture, it's all about how it makes people feel, San Francisco Chronicle, February 13, 2007
  5. Alex Frangos, Americans' Favorite Buildings, The Wall Street Journal, February 7, 2007
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