List of United States military bases
This is a list of military installations owned or used by the United States Armed Forces both in the United States and around the world. This list details only current or recently closed facilities; some defunct facilities are found at Category:Closed military installations of the United States.
An "installation" is defined as "a military base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense, including leased space, that is controlled by, or primarily supports DoD's activities. An installation may consist of one or more sites" (geographically-separated real estate parcels).[1]: DoD-3
The United States operates a global network of military installations and is by far the largest operator of military bases in the world, with locations in dozens of nations on every continent, with 38 "named bases"[note 1] having active-duty, US National Guard, reserve, or civilian personnel as of 30 September 2014. Its largest, in terms of personnel, is Ramstein Air Base, in Germany, with almost 9,200.[1][note 2] Due to the sensitive and often classified nature of this information, there is no comprehensive list with the exact number or location of all bases, stations and installations. The total number of foreign sites with installations and facilities that are either in active use and service, or that may be activated and operated by American military personnel and allies, is just over 1,000.[2]
U.S. officials have been accused of collaborating with oppressive regimes and anti-democratic governments to secure their military bases, from Central America to Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.[3] The Democracy Index classifies many of the forty-five current non-democratic U.S. base hosts as fully "authoritarian governments."[3] Military bases in non-democratic states were often rationalized during the Cold War by the U.S. as a necessary if undesirable necessity in defending against the communist threat posed by the Soviet Union. Few of these bases have been abandoned since the end of the Cold War.[4]
Several rounds of closures and mergers have occurred since the end of World War II, a procedure most recently known as Base Realignment and Closure. Anti-racist agitation in the early 2020s led to calls for changing bases to remove the names of Confederate figures who fought against the United States in the American Civil War.[5] The Naming Commission was created by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021,[6] and renaming began in December 2022.[7]
Joint bases
Domestic
- The Pentagon
- Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson – located 12 kilometers (8 miles) north of Anchorage, Alaska
- Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam – located 11 kilometers (7 miles) northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii
- Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst – located 29 kilometers (18 miles) south of Trenton, New Jersey
- Joint Base Charleston – located 8 kilometers (5 miles) east of North Charleston, South Carolina
- Joint Base San Antonio – located 8 kilometers (5 miles) north of San Antonio, Texas
- Joint Base Langley-Eustis – located 12 kilometers (8 miles) east of Newport News, Virginia
- Joint Region Marianas – combines Naval Base Guam, Andersen Air Force Base and Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz
- Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall – located 1 kilometer (1 mile) northwest of Arlington, Virginia
- Joint Expeditionary Base–Little Creek – located 20 kilometers (13 miles) northwest of Virginia Beach
- Joint Base Lewis-McChord – located 17 kilometers (11 miles) southwest of Tacoma, Washington
- Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling – located 11 kilometers (7 miles) south of Washington, D.C.
- Joint Base Andrews – located 22 kilometers (14 miles) south of Washington, D.C.
Foreign
- War Reserve Stocks are located in many foreign states.
Australia
- Pine Gap – Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap (JDFPG), near Alice Springs, Northern Territory.
- Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt – located on the northwest coast of Australia, 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of the town of Exmouth, Western Australia.
- Robertson Barracks – located in Darwin, Northern Territory.
- Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station – located near Kojarena 30 km east of Geraldton, Western Australia.
- Other U.S. bases in Australia are present and this list does not include ADF bases with U.S. access. The U.S. military has access to all major ADF training areas, northern Australian RAAF airfields, port facilities in Darwin, Fremantle, Stirling naval base in Perth, and the airfield on the Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean.[8][9][10][11][12]
Iraq
Niger
The U.S. operates drone bases from three locations across Niger. These locations are staffed by several hundred U.S. Special Operations Forces in a non-combat role, aiding the Nigerien military with training and surveillance.
Syria
There were approximately 1,500–2,000 U.S. forces in Syria, spread across 12 different facilities, being used as training bases for Kurdish rebels.[22][23] These soldiers withdrew from Syria to western Iraq in October 2019.[24] Meanwhile, the New York Times reported that the Pentagon was planning to "leave 150 Special Operations forces at a base called al-Tanf", where the United States is training Free Syrian Army rebels.[25] In addition, 200 U.S. soldiers would remain in eastern Syria near the oil fields, to prevent the Islamic State, Syrian government and Russian forces from advancing in the region.[26]
According to the Head of the Syrian Arab Republic delegation to Astana talks the U.S. presence in Syria is "illegal" and "without the consent of (the) government".[27]
United States Army
This is a list of links for U.S. Army forts and installations, organized by U.S. state or territory within the U.S. and by country if overseas. For consistency, major Army National Guard (ARNG) training facilities are included but armory locations are not.[28]
Domestic
Alabama
- Anniston Army Depot
- Fort Novosel
- Redstone Arsenal
- Fort McClellan (ARNG training site/base)
American Samoa
- Pele U.S. Army Reserve Center & Coast Guard Marine Safety Detachment Samoa
Alaska
Arizona
- Camp Navajo (ARNG)
- Fort Huachuca
- Yuma Proving Ground
- Yuma Proving Grounds (US Army testing facility)
Arkansas
California
- Beale Air Force Base
- Camp Cooke
- Camp Haan
- Camp Roberts (ARNG)
- Camp San Luis Obispo (ARNG)
- Coast Guard Air Station Sacramento
- Fort Hunter Liggett
- Fort Irwin
- Los Alamitos Joint Forces Training Base
- Los Angeles AFB
- Military Ocean Terminal Concord
- Naval Air Station North Island
- Parks Reserve Forces Training Area
- Presidio of Monterey
- San Joaquin Depot[29]
- Sierra Army Depot
Colorado
Connecticut
- Camp Nett (ARNG)
Delaware
- Bethany Beach Training Site (ARNG)[34]
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
- Camp Frank D. Merrill
- Fort Gordon (Fort Eisenhower)
- Fort Moore
- Fort Stewart
- Hunter Army Airfield
Hawaii
- Fort DeRussy (MWR Resort)
- Fort Shafter
- Kunia Field Station
- Pohakuloa Training Area
- Schofield Barracks
- Tripler Army Medical Center
- Wheeler Army Airfield
Idaho
- MTA Gowen Field Boise (ARNG)
- Orchard Range TS Boise (ARNG)
- TS Edgemeade Mountain Home (ARNG)
Illinois
- Camp Lincoln (ARNG)
- Charles M. Price Support Center
- Rock Island Arsenal
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
- MTA Deepwoods (ARNG)
- MTA Riley-Bog Brook (ARNG)
- TS Caswell (ARNG)
- TS Hollis Plains (ARNG)
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
- Camp Ripley (ARNG)
Mississippi
- Camp McCain (ARNG)
- Camp Shelby
- Mississippi Ordnance Plant
Missouri
- Camp Clark, Missouri (ARNG)
- Fort Leonard Wood
Montana
- Fort William Henry Harrison (ARNG)
Nebraska
- Camp Ashland (ARNG)
Nevada
New Hampshire
- Center Strafford Training Site (ARNG)
New Jersey
New Mexico
- Kirtland AFB
- Los Alamos Demolition Range
- White Sands Missile Range
- Holloman Air Force Base
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
- Camp Grafton (ARNG)
Ohio
- Camp Perry (ARNG)
- Camp Ravenna Joint Military Training Center (ARNG)
- Camp Sherman (ARNG)
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Oklahoma
Oregon
- Camp Rilea (ARNG)
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
- Camp Fogarty (East Greenwich, RI) (ARNG)
- Camp Varnum (ARNG)
- Fort Greene (USAR)
South Carolina
- Fort Jackson (Army Basic Training Center)
- Charleston Air Force Base (part of Joint Base Charleston - AF/USN)
- McEntire Joint National Guard Base (ARNG/ANG)
- South Carolina National Guard Training Center at Rock Hill
- Clarks Hill Training Center (ARNG)
- Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island
- Marine Corps Air Station (Beaufort) MCAS
South Dakota
- Fort Meade (ARNG)
Tennessee
- Holston Army Ammunition Plant
- Kingston Demolition Range
- Milan Army Ammunition Plant
- Arnold Air Force Base (Engineering Development Complex)
Texas
- Camp Bowie
- Camp Bullis
- Camp Mabry
- Camp Maxey
- Camp Stanley
- Camp Swift
- Corpus Christi Army Depot
- Fort Bliss
- Fort Cavazos
- Fort Sam Houston, part of Joint Base San Antonio
- Fort Wolters (ARNG)
- Martindale Army Airfield
- Red River Army Depot
Utah
Vermont
- Camp Ethan Allen Training Site (ARNG)
- Camp Johnson (ARNG)
Virginia
- Camp Pendleton State Military Reservation (ARNG)
- Fort Barfoot (ARNG)
- Fort Belvoir
- Fort Eustis, part of Joint Base Langley-Eustis
- Fort Gregg-Adams
- Fort McNair (part of Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall)
- Fort Myer (part of Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall)
- Fort Walker
- The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School
- Quantico Military Reservation
- National Ground Intelligence Center
- Radford Army Ammunition Plant
- Warrenton Training Center
Washington
- Camp Murray (ANG/ARNG)
- Fort Lewis, part of Joint Base Lewis-McChord
- Yakima Training Center
West Virginia
Wisconsin
- Fort McCoy
- Camp Williams (ARNG)
Wyoming
- Guernsey Maneuver Area (ARNG)
- F. E. Warren AFB
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- NATO Headquarters Sarajevo
Bulgaria
Cameroon
Germany
- Bleidorn Housing Area, Ansbach
- Dagger Complex, Darmstadt Training Center Griesheim
- Edelweiss Lodge and Resort, Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- Lucius D. Clay Kaserne (formerly Wiesbaden Army Airfield), Wiesbaden-Erbenheim
- Germersheim Army Depot, Germersheim
- Grafenwöhr Training Area, Grafenwöhr/Vilseck
- Hohenfels Training Area/Joint Multinational Readiness Center, Hohenfels (Upper Palatinate)
- Husterhoeh Kaserne, Pirmasens
- Kaiserslautern Military Community
- Katterbach Kaserne, Ansbach
- Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart
- Kleber Kaserne, Kaiserslautern Military Community
- Lampertheim Training Area, Lampertheim
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl
- McCully Barracks, Wackernheim
- Miesau Army Depot, Miesau
- Oberdachstetten Storage Area, Ansbach
- Panzer Kaserne, Böblingen
- Patch Barracks, Stuttgart
- Pulaski Barracks, Kaiserslautern
- Rhine Ordnance Barracks, Kaiserslautern
- Robinson Barracks, Stuttgart
- Rose Barracks, Vilseck
- Sembach Kaserne, Kaiserslautern
- Sheridan Barracks, Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- Shipton Kaserne, Ansbach
- Smith Barracks, Baumholder
- Storck Barracks, Illesheim
- Stuttgart Army Airfield, Filderstadt
- Mainz-Kastel
- USAG Wiesbaden Military Training Area, Mainz, Gonsenheim/Mombach
- USAG Wiesbaden Training Area, Mainz Finthen Airport
- USAG Wiesbaden Radar Station, Mainz Finthen Airport
- Urlas Housing and Shopping Complex, Ansbach
Israel
Italy
- Camp Darby, Pisa-Livorno
- Caserma Ederle, Vicenza
- Caserma Renato Del Din, Vicenza
Japan
Kosovo
- Camp Bondsteel
- Camp Monteith (transferred to Kosovo mid-2007)
- Film City, Pristina
Kuwait
- Camp Arifjan
- Camp Buehring (formerly Camp Udairi)
- Camp Patriot (shared with Kuwait Naval Base)
- Camp Spearhead (shared with port of Ash Shuaiba)
United States Marine Corps
Domestic
Germany
- Camp Panzer Kaserne, Böblingen
Japan
- Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa
- Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture
- Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler, Okinawa (Note: the following camps are dispersed throughout Okinawa but are all under the administration of the MCB complex.)
South Korea
United States Navy
California
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Guam
- Naval Base Guam - part of Joint Region Marianas
Illinois
Maryland
Nevada
New Jersey
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
- Naval Support Activity South Potomac
- Joint Expeditionary Base–Little Creek
- Naval Station Norfolk
- Naval Air Station Oceana
- Surface Combat Systems Center Wallops Island[40]
- Naval Weapons Station Yorktown
- Norfolk Naval Shipyard
Washington, D.C.
Bahrain
British Indian Ocean Territory
Djibouti
Iceland
Japan
Poland
- Naval Support Facility Redzikowo[41]
Singapore
South Korea
- Busan Naval Base, Busan, Gyeongnam, Korea
- Commander Fleet Activities Chinhae, Changwon, Gyeongnam, Korea
Spain
United States Air Force
Domestic
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoDelawareFloridaGeorgiaGuam
HawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaKansasLouisianaMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraska |
NevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVirginiaWashingtonWashington, D.C.Wyoming
|
Foreign
Aruba
- Queen Beatrix International Airport (Cooperative Security Location of U.S. Southern Command)
British Indian Ocean Territory
Curaçao
- Hato International Airport (Cooperative Security Location of U.S. Southern Command)
Estonia
Germany
Honduras
Italy
Japan
Kenya
- Camp Simba[44]
Kuwait
Lithuania
New Zealand
- Christchurch Airport - Operation Deep Freeze
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal (Azores)
Qatar
Romania
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Cyprus)
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United Arab Emirates
United States Space Force
Domestic
- Buckley Space Force Base, Colorado
- Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida
- Cape Cod Space Force Station, Massachusetts
- Cavalier Space Force Station, North Dakota
- Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station, Colorado
- Clear Space Force Station, Alaska
- Los Angeles Air Force Base, California
- Kaena Point Space Force Station, Hawaii
- New Boston Space Force Station, New Hampshire
- Patrick Space Force Base, Florida
- Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado
- Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado
- Vandenberg Space Force Base, California
Greenland (Denmark)
United States Coast Guard
Domestic
U.S. Territories
- Marine Safety Detachment Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands
- Marine Safety Detachment American Samoa
Bahrain
- Patrol Forces Southwest Asia
- USCGC Charles Moulthrope
- USCGC Robert Goldman
- USCGC Glen Harris
- USCGC Emlen Tunnel
- USCGC Maui
- USCGC Monomoy
Germany
- Maritime & International Law-U.S. Africa Command[47]
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Maritime Infrastructure Protection Force[51]
Singapore
See also
Explanatory notes
- What are here termed "named bases" are the bases listed in section X: "Personnel Data from DMDC", i.e. excluding that table's rows labelled "Other", in the 2015 DoD Base Structure Report.
- The 2015 U.S. Base Structure Report gives 587 overseas sites, but sites are merely real property at a distinct geographical location, and multiple sites may belong to one installation (page DoD-3). For example, the Garmisch, Germany "named base" with its 72 personnel has eight distinct sites large enough to be listed in the Army's Individual Service Inventory list: Artillery Kaserne, Breitenau Skeet Range, Garmisch Family Housing, Garmish Golf Course, General Abrams Hotel And Disp, Hausberg Ski Area, Oberammergau NATO School, and Sheridan Barracks (listed in Army-15 to Army-17). These range in size from Ramstein AB with 9,188 active, guard/reserve, and civilian personnel down to Worms, which has just one civilian.
References
- "Department of Defense / Base Structure Report / FY 2015 Baseline" (PDF). Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- Chalmers Johnson (January 2004). "America's Empire of Bases". TomDispatch.com.
- Chirico 2014, p. 70.
- Vine 2017.
- Why Does the U.S. Military Celebrate White Supremacy?
- The Naming Commission
- Defense Secretary Austin orders renaming of military bases with Confederate ties
- "The US Military Presence in Australia: Asymmetrical Alliance Cooperation and its Alternatives | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus". apjjf.org.
- "America's military presence is growing in Australia. That might not be a good thing". NewsComAu. 1 October 2016.
- "Title | 2016 Defence White Paper | Department of Defence".
- "United States submarine arrives at HMAS Stirling, Western Australia". 24 April 2022.
- Kopp, Carlo (25 February 2012). "Basing Infrastructure Considerations in the Defence of Australia's Indian Ocean Approaches". Air Power Australia Analyses. IX (1): 1.
- "U.S. Completes Troop-Level Drawdown in Afghanistan, Iraq". 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- "US to Set Up 5 Military Bases in Iraqi Kurdistan Region". farsnews. 18 July 2016.
- "بالانفوغراف.. تعرف على الجنود والقواعد الامريكية في العراق" (in Arabic). alsumaria. 8 February 2018.
- "Trump' Syria Troop Withdrawal Complicated Plans for al-Baghdadi Raid - The New York Times". The New York Times. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- "Remarks by President Trump to Troops at Al Asad Air Base, Al Anbar Province, Iraq". whitehouse.gov. 26 December 2018 – via National Archives.
- Müller-Jung, Friederike (23 November 2016). "US drone war expands to Niger". Deutsche Welle.
An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.
- Taub, Ben (28 January 2018). "Ben Taub on Twitter: "Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits". Twitter via the Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- Lewis, David; Bavier, Joe. Boulton, Ralph (ed.). "U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep". Reuters.
In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests.
- Raghavan, Sudarsan; Whitlock, Craig (24 November 2017). "A city in Niger worries a new U.S. drone base will make it a 'magnet' for terrorists". The Washington Post.
- "Russia and U.S. engage in military base race in Syria". defensenews.com. 15 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- "Anadolu Agency's map of U.S. bases in Syria infuriates The Pentagon". orient-news.net. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- "US troops leaving Syria will go to Iraq, says Pentagon chief". BBC News. 20 October 2019.
- "Assad Forces Surge Forward in Syria as U.S. Pulls Back". The New York Times. 14 October 2019.
- "Trump Said to Favor Leaving a Few Hundred Troops in Eastern Syria". The New York Times. 20 October 2019.
- "Update-al-Jaafari: We demand immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from Syrian territory". Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 December 2017.
- "Frequently Asked Questions - Army National Guard".
- DIANE Publishing Company (1 October 1995). Defense Base Closure And Realignment Commission: Report To The President 1995. DIANE Publishing. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-7881-2461-7.
- "DDJC - Sharpe" (PDF). Superfund. Environmental Protection Agency. October 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
- Dawn Bohulano Mabalon (29 May 2013). Little Manila Is in the Heart: The Making of the Filipina/o American Community in Stockton, California. Duke University Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8223-9574-4.
- Carol A. Jensen (2006). Byron Hot Springs. Arcadia Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7385-4700-8.
- "Historic Posts, Camps, Stations, and Airfields, Tracy Facility, Defense Distribution Depot San Joaquin". californiamilitaryhistory.org. The California State Military Museum. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- "Delaware National Guard 2011 Lottery for the Use of the Bethany Beach Training Site" (PDF). Delaware National Guard. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- Kimmons, Sean (27 November 2017). "Isolated from US military, small Army post looks to rid terrorism in West Africa". Army News Service.
- Vick, Karl; Klein, Aaron J. (30 May 2012). "How a U.S. Radar Station in the Negev Affects a Potential Israel-Iran Clash". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- "Lithuania opens training camp for US troops in bid to draw Washington's attention". lrt.lt. 30 August 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- "MCI Camp Mujuk, Republic of Korea". www.mcipac.marines.mil.
- "NSA Annapolis". cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- "Welcome to Surface Combat Systems Center Wallops Island". cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- "Naval Support Facility Redzikowo". cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- "Naval Support Facility Deveselu". cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- "Singapore Area Coordinator". cnic.navy.mil. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- "Camp Simba conducts inaugural flag ceremony". usafe.af.mil. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- Laming, Tim (2000). UK Airports and Airfields. Ramsbury UK: Airlife Publishing (Crowood Press). pp. 106–107. ISBN 1-85310-978-9.
- "The Long Blue Line: GITMO Lighthouse standing the watch for 120 years, still Semper Paratu". www.mycg.uscg.mil. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "Africa Maritime Law Enforcement Partnership (AMLEP) Program". www.africom.mil. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "US Coast Guard engineer gets stuck into Royal Navy life". www.royalnavy.mod.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "Activities Far East (FEACT)". www.pacificarea.uscg.mil. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "Activities Europe: Schinnen, The Netherlands". www.atlanticarea.uscg.mil. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "Coast Guard Maritime Infrastructure Protection force - Training Advisory Group (MIPF-TAG) Dammam, Saudi Arabia | USCG Veteran Locator". coastguard.togetherweserved.com. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- "Marine Inspection Detachment (MIDET)". www.pacificarea.uscg.mil. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- Chirico, JoAnn (2014). Globalization: Prospects and Problems. SAGE Publication Ltd. p. 71. ISBN 9781483315447.
- Vine, David (2017). "How U.S. Military Bases Back Dictators, Autocrats, And Military Regimes". HuffPost.
Sources
- "List of U.S. Bases Across the World". militarybases.com.
Further reading
- Deppen, Patterson (19 August 2021). "The All-American Base World; 750 U.S. Military Bases Still Remain Around the Planet". TomDispatch. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
- Johnson, Chalmers (13 July 2009). "Empire of Bases" (Opinion). The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- Johnson, Chalmers (2004). "The Sorrows of Empire: Imperialism, Militarism, and the End of the Republic" (PDF). Asia Papers. Sigur Center Asia Paper Number 19. The George Washington University. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- Vine, David (2015). Base Nation. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 9781627791694. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
- Vine, David (2020). The United States of War (Hardcover ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520300873. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
External links
- Department of Defense, Base Structure Report(PDF) FY 2018 Baseline