Antarctic Conservation Act

The Antarctic Conservation Act, enacted in 1978 by the 95th United States Congress (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 95–541), and amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 104–227 (text) (PDF), is a United States federal law that addresses the issue of environmental conservation on the continent of Antarctica. The Departments of the Treasury, Interior and Commerce are responsible for the Act's enforcement.

Antarctic Conservation Act
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleAn Act to implement the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora of the Antarctic Treaty; An Act to implement the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and for other purposes.
NicknamesAntarctic Conservation Act of 1978
Enacted bythe 95th United States Congress
Citations
Public law95-541
Statutes at Large92 Stat. 2048
Codification
Titles amended16 U.S.C.: Conservation
U.S.C. sections created16 U.S.C. ch. 44 § 2401 et seq.
Legislative history

The Act can be found in 16 U.S.C. §§ 2401–2413.

Purpose

Until the 1960s, few rules existed regarding activities in Antarctica. Fishing, whaling and sealing were uncontrolled, and various species were threatened with extinction. Tourists and research stations littered and polluted. In 1961 the Antarctic Treaty was established to protect the continent, and establishes major restrictions and responsibilities on visitors and uses.

As part of its responsibilities as a signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, the United States passed the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 to establish rules for all U.S. citizens, U.S. corporations, and certain persons who participate in U.S. government expeditions visiting or operating in Antarctica, as well as U.S. citizens who handle certain Antarctic animals and plants, and other persons handling Antarctic animals and plants while in the U.S.

The act makes it: “(…) unlawful, unless authorized by permit, to:

  1. take native mammals or birds
  2. enter specially designated areas
  3. introduce nonindigenous species to Antarctica
  4. use or discharge designated pollutants
  5. discharge wastes
  6. import certain antarctic items into the United States”[1]

See also

References
  1. |Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978
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