Antiochia ad Cragum

Antiochia ad Cragum (Greek: Αντιόχεια του Κράγου) also known as Antiochetta or Latin: Antiochia Parva (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient Hellenistic city on Mount Cragus overlooking the Mediterranean coast, in the region of Cilicia, in Anatolia. In modern-day Turkey the site is encompassed in the village of Güneyköy, District of Gazipaşa, Antalya Province.

Antiochia ad Cragum
Some ruins at Antiochia ad Cragum
Antiochia ad Cragum is located in Turkey
Antiochia ad Cragum
Shown within Turkey
Alternative nameAntiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiochia Parva, Antiocheta in Rufine
LocationAntalya Province, Turkey
RegionCilicia
Coordinates36°09′26″N 32°24′56″E
TypeSettlement
History
Founded170 BC
CulturesHellenistic, Roman, Armenian, Byzantine, Medieval
Site notes
Excavation dates2005-2019
ArchaeologistsMichael Hoff, Timothy Howe, Rhys Townsend, Ece Erdoğmuş, Birol Can
ConditionIn ruins
ManagementUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln

The city was founded by Antiochus IV Epiphanes around 170 BC. It minted coins from the mid-first to the mid-third centuries, the last known of which were issued under Roman Emperor Valerian. The city became part of the kingdom of Lesser Armenia in the 12th century. In 1332, the Knights Hospitallers took the city, after which it was known variously as Antiochetta, Antiocheta, Antiocheta in Rufine (Papal bull of Pope John XXII), and Antiochia Parva.

Some scholars claim an identity of Antiochia ad Cragum with the city Cragus (Kragos), or although it lies more than 100 km away, with Sidyma, which some scholars assert was the Lycian Cragus (Kragos).

Ruins of the city remain, and include fortifications, baths, chapels, the Roman necropolis, a wine press, and the largest Roman mosaic found in Turkey.[1][2][3]

In 2018, latrine mosaics with dirty jokes about Narcissus and Ganymede were discovered in Antiochia ad Cragum,[4] and in 2019, a large pool mosaic was discovered near the city.[5]

Bishopric
Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD

In Byzantine times, Antiochia Parva was the seat of an episcopal see of the Roman province of Isauria in the Diocese of the East. It was part of the Patriarchate of Antioch and was suffragan of the Archbishopric of Seleucia.

The five known ancient bishops of this diocese were:

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antiochia Parva is no longer a residential bishopric. It is today listed as a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.[7][8] The seat is vacant since April 11, 1964. It was held previously by:

  • Jacques-Eugène Louis Ménager (June 23, 1955 – December 7, 1961)
  • André-Jean-Marie Charles de la Brousse (January 26, 1962 – April 11, 1964)[notes 1]

Notes
  1. Lequien gives Bishop Theophan, episcopus Antiochiae parvae, both home to Antioch in Isauria, and namesake in Caria.[6]

References
  1. NBC News.com 09/21/13
  2. DODD, EMLYN K. (2020). ROMAN AND LATE ANTIQUE WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN : a comparative ... archaeological study at antiochia ad cragum. [Place of publication not identified]: ARCHAEOPRESS. ISBN 978-1-78969-403-1. OCLC 1139263254.
  3. Dodd, Emlyn (2020). "Late Roman viticulture in Rough Cilicia: an unusual wine-press at Antiochia ad Cragum". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 33: 467–482. doi:10.1017/S1047759420001129. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 219048366.
  4. "Dirty Jokes in Latrine Mosaics Entertained Ancient Romans". Live Science. 2 November 2018.
  5. "Gigantic Roman mosaic discovered under a farmer's field". Archaeology World. 24 November 2019.
  6. Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1017-1020
  7. Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 438
  8. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834
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