Anupalabdhi
Anupalabdhi (Sanskrit: अनुपलब्धि) means 'non-recognition', 'non-perception'.[1] This word refers to the Pramana of Non-perception which consists in the presentative knowledge of negative facts.[2]
Hinduism
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Anupalabdhi or abhāvapramāṇa is the Pramana of Non-perception admitted by Kumārila for the perception of non-existence of a thing. He holds that the non-existence of a thing cannot be perceived by the senses for there is nothing with which the senses could come into contact in order to perceive the non-existence.[3]
According to the Bhāṭṭa school of Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā and Advaita-Vedānta system of philosophy, Anupalabdhi is a way to apprehend an absence;[4] it is regarded as a means of knowledge, the other five being – pratyakṣa ('perception'), anumāna ('inference'), śabda ('testimony'), upamāna ('comparison') and arthāpatti ('presumption'). The perception of negation or non-existence in its various forms is also due to the relation of attributiveness.[5]
All things exist in places either in a positive (sadrupa) or in a negative (asadrūpa) relation, and it is only in the former case that they come into contact with the senses, while in the latter case the perception of the negative existence can only be had by a separate mode of movement of the mind, a separate pramāṇa – anupalabdhi.[6]
Indirect knowledge of non-existence can be attained by other means but direct knowledge of non-existence of perceptible objects and their attributes is available only through this kind of pramāṇa which is not inference.[7]
There are four verities of Anupalabdhi which have been identified, they are – a) kāraṇa-anupalabdhi or 'non-perception of the causal condition', b) vyāpaka-anupalabdhi or 'non-perception of the pervader', c) svabhāva-anupalabdhi or 'non-perception of presence of itself', and d) viruddha-anupalabdhi or 'non-perception of the opposed'. The lack of perceptible (yogya) adjuncts (upādhi) is known through non-perception of what is perceptible (yogya-anupalabdhi) and the lack of imperceptible adjuncts is known by showing that which is thought to be an adjunct.[8]
The followers of Prabhākara and the Vishishtadvaita do not accept anupalabdhi as a separate parmāṇa because the same sense organs which apprehend an entity can also cognize its abhāva or the non-existence.[9]
Buddhism
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According to Dharmakirti, anupalabdhi is the affirmative assertion of a negative prediction, and is same as anumāna of an abhāva.[10]
References
- Vaman Shivram apte. The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia.
- Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy and Religion. Global Vision Publishing House. 2005. ISBN 9788182200722.
- Surendranath Dasgupta (1975). A History of Indian Philosophy Vol.1. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 397. ISBN 9788120804128.
- Jitendranath Mohanty (2000). Classical Indian Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 31. ISBN 9780847689330.
- Y.C.Mishra (2007). Padartha Vijnana. Chaukhambha Publications. p. 392,465. ISBN 9788186937556.
- The Systems of Indian Philosophy. Genesis Publishing. December 2004. p. 409. ISBN 9788177558876.
- Anantanand Rambachan (January 1991). Accomplishing the Accomplished. University of Hawaii. p. 28. ISBN 9780824813581.
- Kisor Kumar Chakraborti (6 May 2010). Classical Indian Philosophy of Induction. Lexington Books. p. 278,146. ISBN 9780739147054.
- S.M.Srinivasa Chari (1988). Tattvamuktakalapa. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 111. ISBN 9788120802667.
- Daya Krishna (20 September 2011). Contrary Thinking. Oxford University Press. pp. 121, 125. ISBN 9780199795550.