Aplousobranchia

Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea, first described by Fernando Lahille in 1886.[1][2] They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relatively simple pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient greek, ἁ.πλοος-ους (ha.ploos-ous) means "simple". The posterior part of the abdomen contains the heart and gonads, and is typically larger than in other sea squirts.

Aplousobranchia
Didemnum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
Class: Ascidiacea
Order: Aplousobranchia
Lahille, 1887
Families

See text.

Synonyms

Krikobranchiae

Taxonomy

Order Aplousobranchia[3]

  • Family Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley 1848 [Pycnoclavellidae Kott 1990]
    • Clavelina Savigny 1816 [Bradiclavella Zirpolo 1925; Chondrostachys Macdonald 1858; Dendroclavella Oka 1927; Podoclavella Herdman 1890; Rhodozona Van Name 1902; Stereoclavella Herdman 1890; Synclavella Caullery 1900]
    • Euclavella Kott 1990
    • Nephtheis Gould 1856 [Oxycorynia Drasche 1882]
    • Pycnoclavella Garstang 1891 [Archiascidia Julin 1904]
  • Family Diazonidae Garstang 1891
    • Diazona Savigny 1816 [Aphanibranchion Oka 1906; Syntethys Forbes & Goodsir 1851; Diagonum Troschel 1842; Diagoma Wade 1842]
    • Pseudodiazona Millar 1963 [Patridium Kott 1975]
    • Pseudorhopalaea Millar 1975
    • Rhopalaea Philippi 1843 [Rhopalona Roule 1886; Rhopalopsis Herdman 1890]
    • Tylobranchion Herdman 1886
  • Family Didemnidae Giard 1872 [Diplosominae Giard 1872]
    • Atriolum Kott 1983
    • Clitella Kott 2001
    • Coelocormus Herdman 1886
    • Didemnum Savigny 1816 [Didemnoides Drasche 1883; Diplosomoides Herdman 1886 non Lahille 1890; Hypurgon Sollas 1903; Leptoclinum Milne-Edwards 1842; Sarcodidemnoides Oka & Willey 1892; Tetradidemnum Della Valle 1881]
    • Diplosoma Macdonald 1859 [Arenadiplosoma Menker & Ax 1970; Astellium Giard 1872; Lioclinum Verrill 1871; Pseudodidemnum Giard 1872; Pseudodiplosoma]
    • Leptoclinides Bjerkan 1905 [Askonides Kott 1962]
    • Lissoclinum Verrill 1871 [Diplosomoides Lahille 1890 non Herdman 1886; Echinoclinum Van Name 1902; Polysoma Kott 1983]
    • Polysyncraton Nott 1892
    • Trididemnum Della Valle 1881 [Didemnoides Lahille 1890 non Drasche 1884; Didemnopsis Hartmeyer 1903]
  • Family Euherdmaniidae Ritter 1904
    • Euherdmania Ritter 1904 [Herdmania Ritter 1903 non Lahille 1888]
  • Family Holozoidae Berrill 1950
    • Colella Herdman 1886 nomen nudum [4]
    • Distaplia Della Valle 1881 [Celulophana; Holozoa Lesson 1832; Julinia Calman 1894; Leptobotrylloides Oka 1927]
    • Hypsistozoa Brewin 1953
    • Hypodistoma Tokioka 1967
    • Neodistoma Kott 1990
    • Polydistoma Kott 1990
    • Protoholozoa Kott 1969
    • Pseudoplacentela Sanamyan 1993
    • Sycozoa Lesson 1832 [Cyathocormus Oka 1913]
    • Sigillina Savigny 1816 [Atapozoa Brewin 1946; Atopozoa Brewin 1956; Hyperiodistoma Michaelsen 1930]
  • Family Placentelidae Kott 1992
    • Placentela Redikorzev 1913 [Homoedistoma Redikorzev 1927; Sigillinaria Oka 1933]
  • Family Polycitoridae Michaelsen 1904
    • Archidistoma Garstang 1891
    • Brevicollus Kott 1990
    • Cystodytes Drasche 1884
    • Eucoelium Savigny 1816
    • Eudistoma Caullery 1909 [Distoma Savigny 1816 non Retzius 1786; Paessleria Michaelsen 1909]
    • Exostoma Kott 1990
    • Millarus Monniot & Monniot 1988
    • Polycitor Renier 1804 [Paradistoma Caullery 1909; Tetrazona Michaelsen 1930]
    • Polycitorella Michaelsen 1924
    • Rhombifera Peres 1956 non Barrande 1867
  • Family Polyclinidae Milne-Edwards 1841 [Synoicidae]
    • Aplidiopsis Lahille 1890
    • Aplidium Savigny 1816 [Haploidium Agassiz 1846; Amaroecium Milne-Edwards 1841; Circinalium Giard 1872; Fragarium Giard 1872; Heterotrema Fiedler 1889; Parascidia Milne- Edwards 1841; Polyclinoides Drasche 1883; Sidnyum Savigny 1816]
    • Morchellioides Herdman, 1886
    • Morchellium Giard 1872
    • Neodictyon Sanamyan 1988
    • Polyclinella Harant 1931
    • Polyclinum Savigny 1816 [Glossophorum Lahille 1816]
    • Sidneioides Kesteven 1909
    • Synoicum Phipps 1774 [Atopogaster Herdman 1886; Lissamaroucium Sluiter 1906; Macroclinum Verrill 1871; Polyclinopsis Gottschaldt 1894; Psammaplidium Herdman 1886; Glossoforum Lahille 1886]
  • Family Protopolyclinidae Kott 1992
    • Condominium Kott 1992
    • Monniotus Millar 1988
    • Protopolyclinum Millar 1960
  • Family Pseudodistomidae Harant 1931
    • Anadistoma Kott 1992
    • Citorclinum Monniot & Millar 1988
    • Pseudodistoma Michaelsen 1924
  • Family Ritterellidae Kott 1992
  • Family Stomozoidae Kott 1990
  • Family Vitrumidae Kott 2009

References
  1. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplousobranchia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  2. Lahille, F. (1886). Sur le classification des Tuniciers. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 16: 1573-1575
  3. Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015). Aplousobranchia. In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
  4. "Colella Herdman, 1886". WoRMS. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  • Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 1042. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
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