Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency)
The Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency (Chinese: 建築、測量、都市規劃及園境界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first created in 1985 as Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 as one of the original 12 functional constituency seats. The constituency was divided into Engineering and Architectural, Surveying and Planning in 1991. In the 2016 election, the constituency was changed to its current name when the landscape architects were added to the electorates.
| Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape 建築、測量、都市規劃及園境界 | |
|---|---|
| Functional constituency for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong | |
| Country |  Hong Kong |
| Electorate | 9,123 (2021)[1] |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1991 |
| Number of members | One |
| Member(s) | Tony Tse (Nonpartisan) |
| Created from | Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning |
| Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 建築、測量、都市規劃及園境界 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 建筑、测量、都市规划及园境界 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The constituency is composed of architects, landscape architects, surveyors, and planners and the members of Hong Kong Institute of Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, and Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at the general meetings of the associations. As of 2020, there are 9,096 registered voters. It is one of the few swing seats contested between the pro-Beijing and pro-democracy camps. It was first won by independent democrat Yiu Chung-yim in 2016 in a three-way contest against two pro-Beijing candidates, defeating pro-Beijing incumbent Tony Tse, but was soon disqualified for his oath-taking manner from the office.[2] The vacancy was taken up by Tony Tse in the 2018 by-election.[3]
Composition
The architectural, surveying, planning and landscape functional constituency is composed of—[4]
- architects registered under the Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408); and
- members of The Hong Kong Institute of Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
- landscape architects registered under the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 516); and
- members of The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
- professional surveyors registered under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 517); and
- members of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
- professional planners registered under the Planners Registration Ordinance (Cap. 418); and
- members of The Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute.
Return members
Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1985–1991)
| Election | Member | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Cheng Hon-kwan | Nonpartisan | |
| 1988 | |||
Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1991–2016)
| Election | Member | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Edward Ho | BPF→Liberal | |
| 1995 | |||
| Not represented in the PLC (1997–1998) | |||
| 1998 | Edward Ho | Liberal | |
| 2000 | Kaizer Lau | Nonpartisan | |
| 2004 | Patrick Lau | Nonpartisan→Alliance | |
| 2008 | Alliance→Professional Forum | ||
| 2012 | Tony Tse | Independent | |
Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (2016–present)
| Election | Member | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Edward Yiu | Nonpartisan | |
| 2018 (b) | Tony Tse | Nonpartisan | |
| 2021 | |||
Electoral results
2020s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,266 | 68.07 | +12.53 | |
| Nonpartisan | Chan Chak-bun | 1,063 | 31.93 | ||
| Majority | 1,203 | 36.14 | |||
| Total valid votes | 3,329 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 163 | ||||
| Turnout | 3,492 | 38.28 | |||
| Registered electors | 9,123 | ||||
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | ||||
2010s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,929 | 55.54 | +20.51 | |
| Independent | Paulus Johannes Zimmerman | 2,345 | 44.46 | +1.02 | |
| Majority | 584 | 11.08 | |||
| Total valid votes | 5,274 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 118 | ||||
| Turnout | 5,392 | 70.77 | |||
| Registered electors | 7,619 | ||||
| Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Yiu Chung-yim | 2,491 | 43.44 | ||
| Independent | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,009 | 35.03 | −0.17 | |
| Nonpartisan | Bernard Vincent Lim Wan-fung | 1,235 | 21.35 | ||
| Majority | 482 | 8.41 | |||
| Total valid votes | 5,735 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 93 | ||||
| Turnout | 5,828 | 79.07 | |||
| Registered electors | 7,371 | ||||
| Independent hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 1,668 | 35.20 | ||
| Independent | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,607 | 33.91 | −3.36 | |
| Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 1,464 | 30.89 | +12.32 | |
| Majority | 61 | 1.29 | |||
| Total valid votes | 4,739 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 211 | ||||
| Turnout | 4,950 | 73.00 | |||
| Registered electors | 6,781 | ||||
| Independent hold | Swing | ||||
2000s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,429 | 37.27 | +8.91 | |
| Nonpartisan | Yu Kam-hung | 1,241 | 32.37 | ||
| Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 712 | 18.57 | +5.34 | |
| Nonpartisan | Chan Yiu-fai | 383 | 9.99 | −2.94 | |
| Independent | Chan Chan-fai | 69 | 1.80 | ||
| Majority | 188 | 4.90 | |||
| Total valid votes | 3,834 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 125 | ||||
| Turnout | 3,959 | 64.41 | |||
| Registered electors | 6,147 | ||||
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,130 | 28.36 | ||
| Independent | Kenneth Chan Jor-kin | 649 | 16.29 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Kaizer Lau Ping-cheung | 616 | 15.46 | −24.42 | |
| Independent | Roger Anthony Nissim | 547 | 13.73 | ||
| Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 527 | 13.23 | ||
| Independent | Chan Yiu-fai | 515 | 12.93 | ||
| Majority | 481 | 12.04 | |||
| Total valid votes | 3,984 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 75 | ||||
| Turnout | 4,059 | 79.34 | |||
| Registered electors | 5,116 | ||||
| Independent gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Kaizer Lau Ping-cheung | 938 | 39.88 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Law Kin-chung | 767 | 32.61 | ||
| Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | 647 | 27.51 | ||
| Majority | 171 | 7.27 | |||
| Total valid votes | 2,352 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 60 | ||||
| Turnout | 2,412 | 63.29 | |||
| Registered electors | 3,811 | ||||
| Nonpartisan gain from Liberal | Swing | ||||
1990s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 3,218 | ||||
| Liberal win (new seat) | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 1,878 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPF | Edward Ho Sing-tin | 552 | 53.70 | ||
| LDF | Lau Siu-kwan | 246 | 23.93 | ||
| NHKA | Kan Fook-yee | 136 | 13.23 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Po Luk-kei | 94 | 9.14 | ||
| Majority | 306 | 29.77 | |||
| Total valid votes | 1,028 | 100.00 | |||
| Rejected ballots | 11 | ||||
| Turnout | 1,039 | 70.16 | |||
| Registered electors | 1,481 | ||||
| BPF hold | Swing | ||||
1980s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Cheng Hon-kwan | Unopposed | |||
| Nonpartisan hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpartisan | Cheng Hon-kwan | 1,129 | 41.83 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Raymond Ho Chung-tai | 1,074 | 39.79 | ||
| Nonpartisan | To Leung-tak | 496 | 18.38 | ||
| Majority | 55 | 2.04 | |||
| Total valid votes | 2,699 | 100.00 | |||
| Nonpartisan win (new seat) | |||||
References
- "Voter Registration Statistics : Functional Constituency". Voter Registration.
- "Hong Kong lawmaker disqualification ruling 'opens huge floodgate', lawyers say". South China Morning Post. 15 July 2017.
- "Election Result - Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape Functional Constituency". Electoral Affairs Commission.
- "Legislative Council Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation.
- "Election Result – Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape Functional Constituency". Electoral Affairs Commission.
- "2016 Legislative Council Election". Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- "2012 Legislative Council Election". Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- "2008 Legislative Council Election". Government of Hong Kong. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- "2004 Legislative Council Election". Government of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- "2000 Legislative Council Election". Government of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
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