Arctocetraria

Arctocetraria
	Arctocetraria andrejevii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Lecanorales
Family:	Parmeliaceae
Genus:	Arctocetraria; Kärnefelt & A.Thell (1993)
Type species
	Arctocetraria andrejevii; (Oxner) Kärnefelt & A.Thell (1993)
Species
	A. andrejevii; A. nigricascens; A. simmonsii

Arctocetraria is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It has three species.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists Ingvar Kärnefelt and Arne Thell in 1993, with Arctocetraria andrejevii assigned as the type species.[2]

In 2017, Pradeep Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize Arctocetraria with Nephromopsis, along with several other Parmelioid genera, so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age.[3] Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymization of the Parmelioid genera with Nephromopsis was not accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal phylogenetic approach for fungal classification.[4]

Species

Arctocetraria andrejevii (Oxner) Kärnefelt & A.Thell (1993)
Arctocetraria nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A.Thell (1993)
Arctocetraria simmonsii (Krog) E.S.Hansen (2007)

References

Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. S2CID 90258634.
Kärnefelt, I.; Mattsson, J.E.; Thell, A. (1993). "The lichen genera Arctocetraria, Cetraria, and Cetrariella (Parmeliaceae) and their presumed evolutionary affinities". The Bryologist. 96 (3): 394–404. doi:10.2307/3243869. JSTOR 3243869.
Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.
Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.

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[Lücking_et_al._2017-1] Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. S2CID 90258634.

[Kärnefelt_et_al._1993-2] Kärnefelt, I.; Mattsson, J.E.; Thell, A. (1993). "The lichen genera Arctocetraria, Cetraria, and Cetrariella (Parmeliaceae) and their presumed evolutionary affinities". The Bryologist. 96 (3): 394–404. doi:10.2307/3243869. JSTOR 3243869.

[Divakar_2017-3] Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.

[Lücking_2019-4] Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.