Arisarum

Arisarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, east to the Caucasus and west to Macaronesia.[2][3][4]

Seeds of Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu
Seedlings of Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu

Arisarum
Temporal range: Middle Eocene – Recent[1]
Arisarum vulgare
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Aroideae
Tribe: Arisareae
Genus: Arisarum
Mill.
Synonyms[2]

Balmisa Lag.

Taxonomy

Species

Accepted species:[2]

ImageScientific nameDistribution
Arisarum simorrhinum DurieuPortugal Spain, Balearic Islands, Algeria, Morocco
Arisarum proboscideum (L.) SaviSpain, Italy
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz.Mediterranean region of northern Africa and southern Europe from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey and Israel; Caucasus; Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores

Natural Hybrids
  1. Arisarum × aspergillum Dunal - Spain, Algeria, Morocco (A. simorrhinum × A. vulgare)

Phylogeny

It is closely related to the genera Ambrosina, Peltandra, and Typhonodorum. Ambrosina is the sister group to Arisarum, from which it separated about 46.1 Million years ago.[1]

The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:[1]

Ambrosineae

Ambrosina

Arisareae

Arisarum

Peltandreae

Typhonodorum

Peltandra


Description

In A. simorrhinum, the flower stalk is shorter or equal in length to the leaf stalk, whereas in A. vulgare, the flower stalk is longer than the leaf stalk. A. vulgare also has a generally longer spadix than A. simorrhinum.[5]

Ecology

Parasite ecology
Illustration of the phytopathogenic green algae Phyllosiphon arisari, which affects the foliage of Arisarum

Arisarum foliage is parasitized by the siphonous green algae Phyllosiphon arisari Kühn. It induces necrosis in leaf tissue, after invading the intracellular space.[6] The foliage also may be affected by two species of fungi, namely Phyllosticta arisari and Melanustilospora arisari. The scale insect Icerya purchasi also feeds on Arisarum.[7]

References
  1. Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schoenenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J. A., & Conti, E. (2008). "Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the Mediterranean Basin by the angiosperm family Araceae." Systematic Biology, 57(2), 269-285.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere: Arisarum includes European distribution maps
  5. "Arisarum" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  6. Aboal, M., & Werner, O. (2011). "Morphology, fine structure, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of Phyllosiphon arisari, a siphonous parasitic green alga." European journal of phycology, 46(3), 181-192.
  7. W.N. Ellis. (2023). Genus Arisarum. Plant Parasites of Europe Leafminers, Galls and Fungi. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/angiosperma/monocots/alismatales/araceae/aroideae/arisarum/genus-arisarum/
  • Media related to Arisarum at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Arisarum at Wikispecies


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