Armstrong Whitworth Awana

The Armstrong Whitworth Awana was a British prototype troop-transport aircraft built to meet a 1920 Air Ministry requirement.

Awana
Role Military transport biplane
Manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth
First flight 28 June 1923
Number built 2

Design and development

The Awana was designed in response to Air Ministry Specification 5/20 for a twin-engined Troop Carrying Aeroplane, able to carry 25 fully equipped troops for a distance of 400 miles. Any design was to be capable of landing on rough terrain, other requirements being folding wings and the ability to fly on one engine.[1]

One of the largest landplanes of its time,[2] it was a large, twin-engine four-bay staggered biplane with a box-like fuselage, and a three-rudder, biplane tail. The pilot and navigator sat in open cockpits atop the nose, while the 25 troops it was to carry entered through a hatch in the floor and sat in two rows of "bus"-style seats with a centre aisle. It was of composite construction, with a tubular-steel-framed fuselage and wooden wings incorporating substantial hinges to allow them to be folded for storage. The Napier Lion engines were supported on tubular-steel supports between the wings and housed in streamlined cowlings with retractable radiators on the underside. The three cylindrical main petrol tanks were slung under the floor in an aluminium fairing, and fed fuel via windmill-driven pumps to header tanks on the underside of the upper wing.[3]

Two prototypes were ordered by the Air Ministry on 27 June 1921, and the first prototype, serial number J6897, first flew on 28 June 1923. Evaluated at Martlesham Heath, control during landing was found to be poor, and the structure overall too flimsy. The second prototype addressed some of these concerns, but the Vickers Victoria was selected for production instead.[4]

Specifications

Data from Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913 [5]

General characteristics

  • Crew: two, pilot and navigator[6]
  • Capacity: 25 troops[7]
  • Length: 68 ft 0 in (20.73 m)
  • Wingspan: 105 ft 6 in (32.16 m)
  • Height: 20 ft 3 in (6.17 m)
  • Wing area: 2,300 sq ft (210 m2)
  • Empty weight: 10,000 lb (4,536 kg)
  • Gross weight: 24,100 lb (10,932 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 292 imp gal (351 US gal; 1,330 L)[8]
  • Powerplant: 2 × Napier Lion 12-cylinder broad arrow engine, 450 hp (340 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 97 mph (156 km/h, 84 kn) at 1,000 ft (300 m)
  • Range: 360 mi (580 km, 310 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
  • Rate of climb: 300 ft/min (1.5 m/s) [6]
  • Time to altitude: 19.7 min to 5,000 ft (1,500 m)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Armstrong Whitworth Awana.
Notes
  1. Meekcoms/Morgan 1994, p. 35
  2. Flight 3 April 1924 page 187
  3. Flight 3 April 1924 page187 et seq
  4. Tapper 1988, p.192.
  5. Tapper 1988, p.208.
  6. Tapper 1988, p.190.
  7. Tapper 1988, p.188.
  8. Flight 3 April 1924, p. 189.
Bibliography
  • "The Armstrong Whitworth "Awana" Troop Carrier". Flight. Vol. XVI, no. 797. 3 April 1924. pp. 187–190. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  • Meekcoms, K J; Morgan, E B (1994). The British Aircraft Specification File. Tonbridge, Kent, England: Air-Britain. ISBN 0-85130-220-3.
  • Tapper, Oliver (1989). Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-826-7.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 79.
  • World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 889 Sheet 80.
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