Skirt steak
Skirt steak is the US name for a cut of beef steak from the plate. It is long, flat, and prized for its flavor rather than tenderness. It is distinct from hanger steak (US), called skirt or onglet in Britain, a generally similar adjacent cut also from the plate.
 Beef cuts | |
| Alternative names | Romanian tenderloin; Romanian steak; Philadelphia steak; Arrachera (Mx). |
|---|---|
| Type | Plate cut of beef |
Though it is from a different part of the animal, its general characteristics and uses cause it to be confused with both flank steak, taken from the flank behind the plate, and the flap meat from the bottom sirloin behind the flank and above the rear quarter.
Characteristics
Both the inside and outside skirt steak are the trimmed, boneless portion of the diaphragm muscle attached to the 6th through 12th ribs on the underside of the short plate. This steak is covered in a tough membrane that may be removed before cooking. By keeping the membrane it will be more tender but would require the eater to remove it which is why many remove it prior to cooking.
The inside skirt steak is often confused with the flank steak, which is the tail of the porter house and T-bone steaks of the short loin found on the flank, and hanger steak. It has similar cooking properties.
In the United States, the North American Meat Processors Association (NAMP) classifies all skirts steaks NAMP 121.[1] NAMP 121 is further subdivided into the outer (outside) skirt steak (NAMP 121C) and the inner (inside) skirt steak (NAMP 121D). The beef flank steak (NAMP 193) is adjacent to the skirt, nearer the animal's rear quarter.[2]
History
The name "skirt steak" for the butcher's cut of beef diaphragm has been in use since at least the 19th century. The cut is defined as extending to the 10th rib in the early 20th century.[3][4] It was formerly considered a less commercially mass-salable cut in America, hence its use for fajitas by the vaqueros in Texas.[5][6]
The U.S. Food Safety and Quality Service established in 1977 (now the Food Safety and Inspection Service) by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) had designated the cut as "beef skirt diaphragm" (with the adjoining cut being called "hanging tender diaphragm").[7] But the diaphragms were treated as "offal" rather than meat by the Japanese government, thus exempt from any beef import quota restrictions.[8] These cuts of U. S. beef (and Canadian beef) could consequently be exported to Japan without quota restrictions, and constituted a major portion of the U.S. beef trades there from ca. 1975 into the 1980s,[9][10] until the beef import deregulation in Japan lifted the quotas in 1991.
Uses
Skirt steak is also traditional in Mexican cuisine, particularly in the north where it is known as arrachera, and is generally marinated, grilled and served in tortillas, and with a squeeze of lime juice, guacamole, salsa, and onions as a taco.[11] It is also the cut of choice for making fajitas and Cornish pasties.
Preparation
To minimize toughness and add flavor, skirt steaks are often marinated before grilling, pan-seared or grilled very quickly, or cooked very slowly, typically braised. They are typically sliced against the grain before serving to maximize tenderness.
References
- "Beeffoodservice.com". Beeffoodservice.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
- "Beeffoodservice.com". Beeffoodservice.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
- "Market Classes and Grades of Meat". American Meat Trade and Retail Butchers Journal. 14 (444): 12. 22 December 1910.
- Furneaux, William S. (1888). Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture. London: Longmans, Green. p. 61.
- Anderson, E. N. (2005). Animal Physiology. NYU Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780814707401.
- Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (2004) [2001], "Tex-Mex, Cal-Mex, New Mex, or Whose Mex? Notes on the Historical Geography of Southwestern Cuisine", On the Border: Society and Culture between the United States and Mexico Latin American Silhouettes, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 9781461639718; originally Pilcher (Winter 2001) in Journal of the Southwest 43 (4, Border Cities and Culture): 674 JSTOR 40170174
- Longworth (1983), p. 304.
- Longworth (1983), p. 52.
- Hay, Keith A. J (1989). Expanding Markets, Diminishing Shares?: Canadian Food Sales to Japan. Canada Japan Trade Council. p. 56.
- Coyle, William T. (July 1986). Animal Physiology. USDA Foreign Agricultural Economic Report, No. 22. GPO. p. 2.
- "Arrachera (Mexican Skirt Steak for Tacos)".
Bibliography
- Longworth, John William (1983). Beef in Japan: Politics, Production, Marketing & Trade. New York: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702219658.
